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1.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol ; 158(2-3): 243-50, 2007 Sep 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17693141

ABSTRACT

We used transgenic mice constitutively over-expressing erythropoietin ("tg6" mice) and wild-type (wt) mice to investigate whether the high hematocrit (hct), consequence of Epo over-expression affected: (1) the normoxic ventilation (V (E)) and the acute hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) and decline (HVD), (2) the increase in ventilation observed after chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (430mmHg for 21 days), (3) the respiratory "blunting", and (4) the erythrocythemic response induced by chronic hypoxia exposure. V (E) was found to be similar in tg6 and wt mice in normoxia (FIO2=0.21). Post-acclimation V (E) was significantly elevated in every time point in wt mice at FIO2=0.10 when compared to pre-acclimation values. In contrast, tg6 mice exhibited a non-significant increase in V (E) throughout acute hypoxia exposure. Changes in V (E) are associated with adjustments in tidal volume (V(T)). HVR and HVD were independent of EE in tg6 and wt mice before chornic hypoxia exposure. HVR was significantly greater in wt than in tg6 mice after chronic hypoxia. After acclimation, HVD decreased in tg6 mice. Chronic hypoxia exposure caused hct to increase significantly in wt mice, while only a marginal increase occurred in the tg6 group. Although pre-existent EE does not appear to have an effect on HVR, the observation of alterations on V(T) suggests that it may contribute to time-dependent changes in ventilation and in the acute HVR during exposure to chronic hypoxia. In addition, our results suggest that EE may lead to an early "blunting" of the ventilatory response.


Subject(s)
Acclimatization/physiology , Erythropoietin/metabolism , Hypoxia/metabolism , Polycythemia/metabolism , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Acclimatization/genetics , Animals , Erythropoietin/genetics , Female , Hematocrit , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Transgenic , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Polycythemia/genetics , Tidal Volume/physiology
2.
J Appl Physiol (1985) ; 96(5): 1581-8, 2004 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14672972

ABSTRACT

The beneficial role of erythrocytosis for O2 transport has been questioned by evidence from bloodletting and hemodilution research as well as by studies suggesting the existence of an "optimal" hematocrit (Hct) or hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) value. To assess to what extent erythrocytosis is beneficial in Andean men at high altitude, we examined and discussed optimal [Hb] using a mathematical approach by modeling the mixed (mean) venous Po2 (Pv(O2)) and arterial O2 content, considering for both the relation between [Hb] and arterial Po2. Relations of [Hb] to other physiological variables such as cardiac output and convective arterial O2 transport were also discussed, revealing the importance of Pv(O2) in this model. Our theoretical analysis suggests that increasing [Hb] allows increase and maintenance of Pv(O2) with only moderate declines in arterial Po2 as a consequence of moderate increases in altitude, reaching its maximum at the optimal [Hb] of 14.7 g/dl. Our analysis also shows that [Hb] corresponding to high arterial O2 content and O2 transport values is apparently not quite advantageous for improvement of oxygenation. Furthermore, chronic mountain sickness is discussed as an insightful example of the effects of excessive erythrocytosis at high altitude.


Subject(s)
Altitude , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Models, Biological , Adult , Animals , Arteries , Biological Transport , Humans , Male , Oxygen/blood , Partial Pressure , Peru , Polycythemia/physiopathology , Veins
3.
Biol. Res ; 33(1): 5-10, 2000. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-265762

ABSTRACT

Blood oxygen affinity and red blood cell properties were measured in three subspecies of genus Bufo: Bufo spinulosus limensis, collected at sea level and at an average day temperature of 20§C; Bufo spinulosus trifolium, from 3100 m, average day temperature of 15§C; and Bufo spinulosus flavolineatus, from 4100 m, average day temperature of 10§C. Electrophoresis of the hemoglobin showed the same component in each of the three subspecies. At 20§C the blood oxygen affinities (P50) showed small differences between Bufo spinulosus limensis and Bufo spinulosus trifolium, whereas the value for Bufo spinulosus flavolineatus was markedly lower. At 10§C, the ambient temperature of Bufo spinulosus flavolineatus, the P50 was extremely low compared with the other two subspecies at their corresponding ambient temperatures.


Subject(s)
Animals , Adaptation, Physiological , Altitude , Bufonidae/physiology , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Oxygen/blood , Bufonidae/metabolism , Electrophoresis , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Hemoglobins/physiology , Oxygen/physiology , Temperature
4.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 16(2): 138-41, mayo-ago. 1996. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-177982

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la capacidad de diversos antiácidos de elevar el pH de una solución de ácido clohídrico. Se diseño un modelo experimental para medir la capacidad de elevar el pH de una solución de HCl de diferentes antiácidos de uso comercial. Se registró la variación del pH de una solución de HCl a la cual se agregó cada uno de los antiácidos líquidos estudiados. Encontramos diferencias entre los 4 antiácidos a base de OHMg-OHAl. Encontramos diferencias entre las 2 presentaciones de magaldrato existentes en nuestro medio; pero estas son mínimas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antacids/pharmacology , Antacids/therapeutic use
5.
Acta andin ; 4(2): 127-30, 1995.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-187060

ABSTRACT

Los Andes completaron su elevación actual hace 18 millones de años cuando los mamíferos ya se habían expandido por el nivel del mar 65 millones de años atrás. Por lo tanto, los mamíferos son invasores recientes de los Andes. Los andinos son recién llegados a la altura con sólo miles de años de exposición a la hipoxia. El mal de montaña crónico constituye una respuesta exagerada de los mecanismos fisiológicos que aparecen en el curso de la aclimatización de los recién llegados a la altura o en los nativos de la altura, que eventualmente conduce a sítomas de intolerencia al medio hipóxico. Hay una total pérdida de la hiperventilación con PaO2 de 40 torr en nativos de la altura con excesiva policitemia y sítomas de mal de montaña crónico comparado con 32 torr en los sujetos jóvenes asintomáticos (hipoventilación excesiva). Cerca del 33 por ciento de la población de Cerro de Pasco (4340 m) mayores de 50 años tienen concentraciones de hemoglobina por encima de 21.3 g/dl. En el mal de montaña crónico se observa un aumento exagerado de la hipertensión arterial pulmonar, agrandamiento de los cuerpos carotídeos en nativos de la altura y una alta incidencia de quemodectomas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acclimatization/physiology , Altitude Sickness/physiopathology , Biological Evolution , Hypoxia/etiology , Hypoxia/pathology
8.
Article in Spanish | PAHO | ID: pah-15940

ABSTRACT

En toda sociedad la salud debe definirse según las condiciones ecológicas predominantes, es decir, de acuerdo con las variables culturales y ambientales que afectan a la población. Esto significa que, en lugar de establecer normas universales de salud, deberíamos definir un nivel de salud satisfactorio acorde con las condiciones dadas, y después encontrar la manera de alcanzar dicho nivel (AU)


Subject(s)
Ecology , Public Health/methods , REPIDISCA , REPIDISCA , Strategic Planning
9.
Article | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-16133

ABSTRACT

En toda sociedad la salud debe definirse según las condiciones ecológicas predominantes, es decir, de acuerdo con las variables culturales y ambientales que afectan a la población. Esto significa que, en lugar de establecer normas universales de salud, deberíamos definir un nivel de salud satisfactorio acorde con las condiciones dadas, y después encontrar la manera de alcanzar dicho nivel (AU)


Subject(s)
Ecology , Public Health , REPIDISCA , Strategic Planning
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