ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal distribution of breast cancer and its relationship with contaminated areas in the Baixada Santista metropolitan region, São Paulo. It is an ecological study on the distribution of breast cancer in the municipalities of the region as well as in regions exposed to environmental contaminants. The population consisted of women aged 20 years and over, totaling 3233 cases in the 12 years of the study. First, we calculated the total annual breast cancer coefficients by municipality, then we standardized by age and the indicator of contamination density by municipality. We then performed cartographic sequencing that revealed the evolution of outcome and exposure. The results showed that the municipality of Santos presented a higher coefficient of the disease. Pearson's correlation was positive with r = 0.7 at a significance level of p = 0.036. Spatially, the most contaminated areas presented higher breast cancer coefficients, except for the municipality of Peruíbe, which despite its low environmental contamination index, presented a high disease coefficient. This study confirmed the hypothesis that environmental contamination affects breast cancer distribution, and the temporal trend shows an increase in the disease in eight of the nine municipalities in the region.
Subject(s)
Environmental Pollution , Adult , Brazil , Female , Humans , Young AdultABSTRACT
This study analyzed the educational activities of nursing workers with the objective to survey the needs and expected outcomes, according to the workers' perception. This is a qualitative research, in which data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews performed with twenty-five workers in a teaching hospital in the municipality of São Paulo. The empirical material was submitted to thematic analysis. Results show that the needs are surveyed mainly based on technical performance issues and on the acquisition of new equipment; and that the expected outcomes, in the short term, are mostly the improvement in procedure performance and, in mid and long term, increasing their critical thinking towards work. In conclusion, there is a general perception about continuing education in terms of surveying the needs as well as for outcome expectations.
Subject(s)
Education, Nursing, Continuing , Nurses , Needs AssessmentABSTRACT
Estudam-se as atividades educativas de trabalhadores de enfermagem, com o objetivo de analisar o levantamento de necessidades e os resultados esperados, segundo a concepção dos trabalhadores. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com coleta de dados através de entrevista semiestruturada com vinte e cinco trabalhadores em um hospital de ensino no município de São Paulo, e análise temática do material empírico. Os resultados mostram que o levantamento de necessidades é realizado predominantemente com base em problemas no desempenho técnico e na aquisição de novos equipamentos; e que os resultados esperados, no curto prazo, são majoritariamente a melhora no desempenho de procedimentos e, em médio e longo prazo, ampliação da reflexão crítica do trabalho. Conclui-se que predomina a concepção de EC tanto no levantamento de necessidades como nas expectativas de resultados das ações educativas, convivendo com a concepção de EP, o que mostra uma complementaridade entre ambas as concepções de educação no trabalho.
This study analyzed the educational activities of nursing workers with the objective to survey the needs and expected outcomes, according to the workers' perception. This is a qualitative research, in which data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews performed with twenty-five workers in a teaching hospital in the municipality of São Paulo. The empirical material was submitted to thematic analysis. Results show that the needs are surveyed mainly based on technical performance issues and on the acquisition of new equipment; and that the expected outcomes, in the short term, are mostly the improvement in procedure performance and, in mid and long term, increasing their critical thinking towards work. In conclusion, there is a general perception about continuing education in terms of surveying the needs as well as for outcome expectations.
Se estudian las actividades educativas de trabajadores de enfermería con el objetivo de analizar la detección de necesidades y los resultados esperados según la concepción de los trabajadores. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa con recolección de datos a través de entrevista semiestructurada con 25 trabajadores en un hospital de enseñanza del municipio de San Pablo, y análisis temático del material empírico. Los resultados muestran que la detección de necesidades es realizada predominantemente con base en problemas en el desempeño técnico y en la adquisición de nuevos equipamientos, y que los resultados esperados, en el corto plazo, son mayoritariamente la mejora del desempeño de de procedimientos y, en medio y largo plazo, la ampliación de la reflexión crítica del trabajo. Se concluye en que predomina la concepción de EC, tanto en la detección de necesidades con en las expectativas de resultados de las acciones educativas, conviviendo con la concepción de EP, lo que muestra una complementariedad entre ambas concepciones de educación en el trabajo.
Subject(s)
Education, Nursing, Continuing , Nurses , Needs AssessmentABSTRACT
A pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar as atividades educativas de trabalhadores de enfermagem quanto ao público participante, levantamento de necessidades e resultados esperados. Foi desenvolvida com base no referencial teórico do processo de trabalho em saúde e enfermagem, trabalho em equipe, integralidade da saúde, educação continuada (EC) e educação permanente em saúde (EPS), com destaque para a distinção entre EC e EPS. O estudo foi realizado em um hospital de ensino localizado em uma região do município de São Paulo. Utilizando abordagem qualitativa, a coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semi-estruturada e os sujeitos foram os enfermeiros gerentes de unidades, enfermeiros assistenciais, auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem totalizando vinte e cinco participantes. No processo de análise, os dados empíricos foram analisados por meio de técnica de análise temática de Bardin e Minayo. Os resultados mostram que o público participante das ações educativas é majoritariamente composto por enfermeiros que participam de atividades externas como congressos e similares, e esse investimento no nível superior traduz a política institucional. Em contrapartida, para os trabalhadores de nível médio, as ações educativas são orientadas, sobretudo para a revisão de técnicas e utilização de novos equipamentos. O levantamento de necessidades de ações educativas de trabalhadores é realizado principalmente com base em erros e falhas, bem como na aquisição denovos equipamentos, o que traduz uma ação educativa focada nos procedimentos técnicos e distanciada da reflexão sobre a prática. Contudo, os resultados esperados apontam para a melhora da qualidade da assistência de enfermagem em diferentes sentidos. Em curto prazo, esta essa melhora está relacionada ao desempenho de procedimentos técnicos, apesar de também estar relacionada a à mudança de comportamento, desde que ) ocorra a sensibilização do trabalhador em relação ao cuidado, tal como ocorre com a introdução de novos projetos. Em médio e longo prazo espera-se que o trabalhador desenvolva consciência sobre o trabalho e abordagem reflexiva da prática, ou seja, que o trabalhador possa questionar-se sobre a prática do dia-a-dia e mudar o comportamento. Conclui-se que predomina uma prática educativa pautada na concepção de EC, porém mesclada a aspectos da EPS, pois os trabalhadores apontam a necessidade de ações educativas diferenciadas, com novos formatos, conteúdos e sentidos, de modo a promover a qualidade da assistência à saúde e de enfermagem.
This study has the objective to analyze the educative activities of nurses and nursing assistants as the participating public, to survey the necessities and expected results. It was utilized a qualitative approach, with basis in a theoretic referential of the health work process, nursing, team work, health integrality, continuing education (EC), permanent education in health (EPS), and the relevant differences between EC and EPS. The study was conducted in a teaching hospital in São Paulo County. Using a qualitative approach, the data collection was done through a semi-structured interview and the subjects were nurse unity managers, assistant nurses, nursing technicians with a total of twenty five participants. In the analytical process, empirical data were analyzed through a thematic analysis technique of Bardin and Minayo. The results show that the participating public on the educative actions are mostly registered nurses whom participate on external activities as congresses and other outside activities, and this investment in a higher education level translates into the institutional politics. In a counteracting way, for workers on mid-level, the educative actions are oriented above all for technical revisions and the utilization of new equipment. The survey to identify the education necessities of these workers is done mostly on basis of errors and mistakes, as well as in the acquisition of new equipments, that is translated into an educationalactivity focused in the technical and further apart from the practical reflection. Therefore, the expected results points into the better quality of nursing support various ways. In short term, this betterment is related with the technical procedures, even though it is related with the behavior change that sensibleness the worker in relation to the care, as well as it occurs with the introduction of new projects. In middle and long term it is expected that the worker develop a consciousness about the work and their practical reflection that means, that the worker may question about the day to day practice and change the behavior. It is concluded that the practical education is related in the conception of EC, however mixed with aspects of EPS, because the workers point to the need of differentiated education, with new format, content and meanings, to promote the quality of health care and of nursing.
