ABSTRACT
Efficacious patient safety monitoring should focus on the implementation of evidence-based practices that avoid unnecessary harm related to healthcare. The ISEP-Brazil project aimed to develop and validate indicators for best patient safety practices in Brazil. The basis was the translation and adaptation of the indicators validated in the ISEP-Spain project and the document Safe Practices for Better Healthcare (U.S. National Quality Forum), recommending 34 best practices. A 25-member expert panel validated the indicators. Reliability and feasibility were based on a pilot study in three hospitals with different management formats (state, federal, and private). Seventy-five best practice indicators were approved (39 structure; 36 process) for 31 of the 34 recommendations. The indicators were considered valid, reliable, and useful for monitoring patient safety in Brazilian hospitals.
Subject(s)
Patient Safety/standards , Quality Indicators, Health Care/standards , Safety Management/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires , Brazil , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Female , Humans , Male , Patient Safety/statistics & numerical data , Quality Indicators, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Reproducibility of Results , Safety Management/statistics & numerical data , TranslationsABSTRACT
Resumo: Um monitoramento eficaz da segurança do paciente precisa focar a implantação de práticas baseadas em evidências que evitem danos desnecessários ligados à assistência à saúde. O objetivo do Projeto ISEP-Brasil foi desenvolver e validar indicadores de boas práticas de segurança do paciente para o contexto brasileiro. Tomou por base a tradução e adaptação dos indicadores validados no Projeto ISEP-Espanha, além do documento Safe Practices for Better Healthcare do National Quality Forum dos Estados Unidos, que possui 34 recomendações de boas práticas. Realizou-se validação por um painel de 25 especialistas e análise da confiabilidade e viabilidade em um estudo-piloto realizado em três hospitais com diferentes tipos de gestão (estadual, federal e privada). Aprovaram-se 75 indicadores de boas práticas (39 de estrutura; 36 de processo) para 31 das 34 recomendações. Os indicadores foram considerados válidos, confiáveis e úteis para o monitoramento da segurança do paciente em hospitais brasileiros.
Abstract: Efficacious patient safety monitoring should focus on the implementation of evidence-based practices that avoid unnecessary harm related to healthcare. The ISEP-Brazil project aimed to develop and validate indicators for best patient safety practices in Brazil. The basis was the translation and adaptation of the indicators validated in the ISEP-Spain project and the document Safe Practices for Better Healthcare (U.S. National Quality Forum), recommending 34 best practices. A 25-member expert panel validated the indicators. Reliability and feasibility were based on a pilot study in three hospitals with different management formats (state, federal, and private). Seventy-five best practice indicators were approved (39 structure; 36 process) for 31 of the 34 recommendations. The indicators were considered valid, reliable, and useful for monitoring patient safety in Brazilian hospitals.
Resumen: Un monitoreo eficaz de la seguridad del paciente necesita centrarse en la implantación de prácticas basadas en evidencias que eviten daños innecesarios, relacionados con la asistencia a la salud. El objetivo del Proyecto ISEP-Brasil fue desarrollar y validar indicadores de buenas prácticas de seguridad del paciente para el contexto brasileño. Tomó como base la traducción y adaptación de los indicadores validados en el Proyecto ISEP-España y el documento Safe Practices for Better Healthcare del National Quality Forum de los Estados Unidos, que posee 34 recomendaciones de buenas prácticas. Se realizó la validación mediante una selección de 25 especialistas y análisis de confiabilidad y viabilidad, en un estudio piloto en tres hospitales con diferentes tipos de gestión (estatal, federal y privada). Se aprobaron 75 indicadores de buenas prácticas (39 de estructura; 36 de proceso) para 31 de las 34 recomendaciones. Los indicadores fueron considerados válidos, confiables y útiles para el monitoreo de la seguridad del paciente en hospitales brasileños.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Surveys and Questionnaires , Safety Management/standards , Quality Indicators, Health Care/standards , Patient Safety/standards , Translations , Brazil , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Reproducibility of Results , Safety Management/statistics & numerical data , Quality Indicators, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Patient Safety/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Introdução: A não-adesão ao tratamento farmacológico prejudica o alcance dos resultados terapêuticos no retardo da progressão da doença renal crônica(DRC). O objetivo do presente estudo foi mensurar a prevalência da não-adesão ao tratamento farmacológico e avaliar os motivos apontados pelos pacientes para o comportamento não aderente. Método: Estudo transversal envolvendo 130 pacientes com DRC do ambulatório de nefrologia de um hospitaluniversitário, com idade média de 48,8 + 15,8 anos, em uso contínuo de algum medicamento anti-hipertensivo ou imunossupressor e que não estivessemsendo submetidos a qualquer terapia de substituição renal. A adesão foi mensurada através do método do auto-relato em uma entrevista com questionário. Foram considerados não aderentes pacientes que relataram ter ingerido menos de 80% dos comprimidos prescritos de pelo menos um medicamento. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínico-laboratoriais e os motivos alegados pelos pacientes para não aderir ao tratamento. Resultados: A prevalênciada não-adesão ao tratamento farmacológico foi de 18,5%. A falta de acesso aos medicamentos foi o motivo mais relatado pelos pacientes (54,5%) para a não-adesão. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a não-adesão ao tratamento com anti-hipertensivos e com imunossupressores.Discussão: Empregando o mesmo método, outros estudos encontraram prevalências de não-adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão e do diabetes variando entre 4% e 37,8%. Conclusões: Uma parcela significativa de pacientes estudados foi considerada não aderente ao tratamento farmacológico. A falta de acesso aos medicamentos permanece como uma causa de não-adesão, sugerindo a necessidade de melhorias na assistência farmacêutica.
Background: Medication noncompliance hinders the accomplishment of the therapeutic goals of delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).The aim of the present study was to calculate the prevalence of medication noncompliance and to assess the reasons mentioned by the patients for theirnoncompliant behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 130 CKD patients from a nephrology outpatient university clinic, average age of 48.8 + 15.8 years old, continuously taking some self-administered antihypertensive or immunosuppressive drug and who were not on renal replacementtherapy. Noncompliance was measured through the self-reporting method (during an interview). Patients were considered noncompliant if they had taken less than 80% of the prescribed medication of any antihypertensive or immunosuppressive drug. Survey data showed sociodemographic, clinical, andlaboratorial characteristics and the reasons mentioned by the patients for their non-compliance. Results: Prevalence of medication noncompliance was 18.5%. Lack of access to medicine was the most commonly reported problem with medication use (54.5%). There was no statistically significant difference between the antihypertensive drug noncompliance and the immunosuppressive drug noncompliance. Discussion: Using the same method other studieshave reported prevalence of antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drug noncompliance ranging from 4 to 37.8%. Conclusions: A significant share of the studied patients was considered noncompliant to the pharmacotherapy. Lack of access to medicine remains as an important cause of medicationnoncompliance, suggesting the need for improvement in pharmaceutical assistance.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Medication Therapy Management , Kidney Failure, Chronic/drug therapy , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
O adequado conhecimento dos pacientes sobre os medicamentos que utilizam é considerado um fator fundamental para a adesão ao tratamento. O nível de conhecimento sobre a terapia farmacológica de pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) e os fatores associados a este conhecimento foram avaliados em um estudo transversal envolvendo 130 indivíduos em uso contínuo de algum medicamento pertencente aos grupos C, H02 ou L04 da classificação Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical e que não estivessem sendo submetidos a qualquer terapia de substituição renal. O nível de conhecimento foi mensurado através de um questionário e um escore de zero a dez pontos. Foram estabelecidos três níveis de conhecimento: baixo (menos de seis pontos), médio (seis a oito pontos) e bom (mais de oito pontos). O escore médio foi de 7,8 ± 1,7 pontos e 51,5 por cento dos pacientes apresentaram nível de conhecimento baixo ou médio. Os fatores associados ao alto nível de conhecimento foram: declínio rápido do ritmo de filtração glomerular, controle da pressão arterial e crença do paciente em já ter sofrido reação adversa a algum medicamento prescrito. A maioria dos entrevistados possuía conhecimentos insuficientes para o uso seguro e eficaz dos medicamentos, o que sugere a necessidade de melhor orientação aos pacientes.
The suitable patients' medication knowledge is a essential factor for the medication compliance. The level of medication knowledge in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the medication knowledge associated factors were assessed in a cross-sectional study performed with 130 subjects from a nephrology outpatient university clinic, continuously taking some self-administered drug from the C, H02 or L04 groups of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system and who were not on a kidney replacement therapy. The level of medication knowledge was measured through a researcher-administered questionnaire and a score ranking from zero to ten points. Three levels of knowledge were defined: low (less than six points), moderate (six to eight points) and high (more than 8 points). The patients' medication knowledge average score was 7.8 ± 1.7 points and 51.5 percent of the patients showed low or moderate level of knowledge. The factors associated to the high level of medication knowledge were: fast decline of the glomerular filtration rate, control of the blood pressure and the patients' belief that they suffered adverse drug reaction to any of the prescribed medicines. Most patients had insufficient knowledge for a safe and effective use of prescribed medicines, so a better patient counseling is necessary.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Drugs of Continuous Use , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been known for almost two centuries, but many aspects concerning their pathophysiology have not been completely clarified. The aim of this study was to characterize the oropharyngeal dynamics in PD patients with and without levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Fifteen dyskinetic, 12 nondyskinetic patients, and a control group were included. Patients were asked about dysphagia and evaluated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Parts II and III and the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Deglutition was assessed using modified barium swallow with videofluoroscopy. Nondyskinetic patients, but not the dyskinetic ones, showed less oropharyngeal swallowing efficiency (OPSE) for liquid food than controls (Dunnett, P = 0.02). Dyskinetic patients tended to have a greater OPSE than nondyskinetic (Dunnett, P = 0.06). Patients who were using a higher dose of levodopa had a greater OPSE and a trend toward a smaller oral transit time (Pearson's correlation, P = 0.01 and 0.08, respectively). Neither the report of dysphagia nor any of the PD severity parameters correlated to the videofluoroscopic variables. In the current study, dyskinetic patients performed better in swallowing function, which could be explained on the basis of a greater levodopa dose. Our results suggest a role for levodopa in the oral phase of deglutition and confirm that dysphagia is not a good predictor of deglutition alterations in PD.
