ABSTRACT
Background: With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, all existing health protocols were tested under the worst health crisis humanity has experienced since the Black Death in the 14th century. Countries in Latin America have been the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, with more than 1.5 million people killed. Worldwide health measures have included quarantines, border closures, social distancing, and mask use, among others. In particular, Chile implemented total or partial quarantine measures depending on the number of infections in each region of the country. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effectiveness of these quarantines in relation to the public health measures implemented by government entities at the national level. Objective: The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of national- and region-level quarantines in Chile during the pandemic based on information published by the Chilean Ministry of Health, and answers to the following question are sought: Were quarantine measures in Chile effective during the COVID-19 pandemic? Methods: The causal effect between the rates of COVID-19 infections and the population rates in Phase 1 and Phase 2 quarantines in the period from March 2020 to March 2021 in different regions of Chile were evaluated using intervention analyses obtained through Bayesian structural time series models. In addition, the Kendall correlation coefficient obtained through the copula approach was used to evaluate the comovement between these rates. Results: In 75% of the Chilean regions under study (12 regions out of a total of 16), an effective Phase 1 quarantine, which was implemented to control and reduce the number of cases of COVID-19 infection, was observed. The main regions that experienced a decrease in cases were those located in the north and center of Chile. Regarding Phase 2, the COVID-19 pandemic was effectively managed in 31% (5 out of 16) of the regions. In the south-central and extreme southern regions of Chile, the effectiveness of these phases was null. Conclusion: The findings indicate that in the northern and central regions of Chile, the Phase 1 quarantine application period was an effective strategy to prevent an increase in COVID-19 infections. The same observation was made with respect to Phase 2, which was effective in five regions of northern Chile; in the rest of the regions, the effectiveness of these phases was weak or null.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO:Develar la experiencia vivida por cuidadores informales durante el cuidado de su familiar en fase avanzada de cáncer en el hogar que los llevó a hospitalizarlos en una clínica de cuidados paliativos. METODOLOGÍA: La investigación fue realizada con metodología cualitativa fenomenológica basada en Husserlen el paradigma constructivista, se recogieron los testimonios de diez participantes que vivieron la experiencia de hospitalizar a su familiar adulto en una clínica de cuidados paliativosen Santiago de Chile tipo hospicedurante el año 2017,posteriormente de haberlos cuidado en el hogar. La información se obtuvo a través de entrevistas en profundidad audiograbadas, trascritas literalmente, protegiendo la confidencialidad.Se realizó análisis de discurso basado en Helen Streubert.Se contó con autorización de institución y comité de ética correspondiente. RESULTADOS:En el estudio se develól as siguientes unidades de significado;los participantes tras asumir la responsabilidad de cuidar a su familiar en el hogar comenzaron a vivenciar agotamiento. Esto desencadenó una crisis en el cuidado, que los llevó a tomar la decisión de hospitalizarlos. Una vez hospitalizados en la clínica, los cuidadores se sintieron apoyados por los profesionales, esto permitió resignificar la experiencia, al sentir que volvían a cuidar nuevamente a su familiar.CONCLUSIONES: s:Se develó que el cuidado domiciliario requiere de un acompañamiento continuo, con atención las 24 horas del día por parte del equipo de Cuidados Paliativos, para reducir el estrés de la progresión de la enfermedad y fomentar la tranquilidad de los familiares y cuidadores.
OBJECTIVE:To unveil the experience lived by informal caregivers during the care of their relative in advanced stage of cancer at home that led them to hospitalize them in a palliative care clinic. METHODS:The research was conducted with phenomenological qualitative methodology based on Husserl in the constructivist paradigm, the testimonies of ten participants who lived the experience of hospitalizing their adult relative ina palliative care clinic in Santiago de Chile hospice type during the year 2017, after having cared for them at home were collected. The information was obtained through audio-recorded in-depth interviews, transcribed verbatim, protecting confidentiality.Discourse analysis based on Helen Streubert was performed. Authorization was obtained from the institution and the corresponding ethics committee.RESULTS: The study revealed the following units of meaning; the participants, after assuming the responsibility of caring for their relative at home, began to experience exhaustion. This triggered a crisis in caregiving, which led to the decision to hospitalize them. Once hospitalized in the clinic, the caregivers felt supported by the professionals, this allowed them to resignify the experience, feeling that they were returning to care for their family member again.CONCLUSIONS: It was revealed that home care requires continuous accompaniment, with 24-hour attention by the Palliative Care team, to reduce the stress of disease progression and promote peace of mind for family members and caregivers
OBJETIVO: Revelar a experiência vivida por cuidadores informais durante os cuidados de seus parentes em estágios avançados de câncer em casa que os levaram a ser hospitalizados em uma clínica de cuidados paliativos. METODOLOGIA: A pesquisa foi realizada com uma metodologia qualitativa fenomenológica baseada em Husserl no paradigma construtivista, foram coletados os depoimentos de dez participantes que viveram a experiência de hospitalizar seu parente adulto em uma clínica paliativa tipo hospitalar em Santiago do Chile durante o ano de 2017, depois de tê-los atendido em casa. As informações foram obtidas através de entrevistas em profundidade gravadas em áudio, transcritas literalmente, protegendo a confidencialidade. A análise do discurso foi realizada com base em Helen Streubert. A autorização foi obtida junto à instituição e ao comitê de ética correspondente. RESULTADOS: O estudo revelou as seguintes unidades de significado; os participantes, após assumirem a responsabilidade de cuidar de seus parentes em casa, começaram a experimentar a exaustão. Isto desencadeou uma crise de cuidados, o que levou à decisão de hospitalizá-los. Uma vez hospitalizados na clínica, os cuidadores se sentiram apoiados por profissionais, o que lhes permitiu re-significar a experiência, sentindo que estavam de volta para cuidar de seu parente novamente. CONCLUSÕES: Foi revelado que os cuidados domiciliares requerem um acompanhamento contínuo, com a atenção 24 horas da equipe de Cuidados Paliativos, para reduzir o estresse da progressão da doença e promover a paz de espírito para os membros da família e cuidadores
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Hospice Care/psychology , Caregivers/psychology , Interviews as Topic , Qualitative Research , Caregiver Burden , Hospitalization , Neoplasms/psychologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El trastorno del espectro autista contempla una serie de trastornos evolutivos comprometiendo diversos ejes. OBJETIVO: Develar experiencias vividas por los padres/madres al cuidado de niños/as de 5-10 años con Trastorno de espectro autista (TEA). METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cualitativo paradigma interpretativo diseño fenomenológico, en el que se recogieron las vivencias a través de entrevistas en profundidad a madres/padres que participan en las fundaciones de Chile, las que fueron grabadas y transcritas textualmente por las investigadoras con previo consentimiento de los participantes. Para el análisis de los discursos se cumplió con el rigor metodológico. RESULTADOS: Tras analizar las entrevistas, se develó un proceso dinámico y continuo de múltiples vivencias que permitieron a los participantes pasar desde la experiencia al cuidado de niños con TEA de alto funcionamiento, hasta las mejoras que se podrían aplicar en salud. CONCLUSIÓN: El hecho de tener un hijo/a con TEA lo convierte en un proceso complejo, el cual genera diversas emociones en los padres/madres, pero que a pesar de ello les ha permitido vivir un proceso de adaptación, mayor conocimiento teórico y práctico de la condición, permitiendo un crecimiento y desarrollo favorable para el niño/niña y las familias.
INTRODUCTION: Autism spectrum disorder contemplates a series of developmental disorderscompromising several axes. OBJECTIVE: To unveil experiences lived by parents caring forchildren aged 5-10 years with a high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative study, interpretative paradigm,phenomenological design,the experiences collected through in-depth interviews with parents participating in foundations in Chile, which were recorded and transcribed verbatim by there searchers with the prior consent of the participants.For the analysis of the speeches, the methodological rigor meets. RESULTS: After analyzing the nterviews, a dynamic and continuous process of multiple experiences was revealed, which allowed the participants to go from the experience of caring for children with a high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorderto the applicable improvements in health.CONCLUSION:The fact of having a child with ASD makes it a complex process, which generates diverseemotions in the parents, but despite this, it has allowed them to live a process of adaptation,greater theoretical and practical knowledge of the condition, allowing a favorable growth anddevelopmentforthechild and the families.
INTRODUÇÃO: A perturbação do espectro autista contempla uma série de perturbações dedesenvolvimento que comprometem vários eixos. OBJETIVO: Revelar experiências vividas por pais que cuidam decrianças dos5-10 anos comTranstorno do Espectro Autista(TEA). METODOLOGIA: Estudo qualitativo fenomenológico, no qualforamrecolhidas experiênciasatravés de entrevistas aprofundadas com mães e pais que participam em fundações no Chile, as quais foram gravadas e transcritas textualmente como consentimento prévio dos participantes.Para a análise dos dados,foi respeitado o rigor metodológico.RESULTADOS: Após análised as entrevistas,foi revelado um processo dinâmico e contínuo de múltiplas experiências,o que permitiua os participantes passar da experiência de cuidar de crianças comTEA de alta funcionalidade para as melhorias que poderiam ser aplicadas na saúde.CONCLUSÃO: Ofacto deter uma criança comTEA é um processo complexo,que gera diversas emoções nos pais,mas que a pesar disso puderam viver um processo de adaptação,maior conhecimento teórico e prático da condição, permitindo um crescimento e desenvolvimento favorável para a criança e para as famílias
