Mosaicplasty Using Grafts From the Upper Tibiofibular Joint.

Autologous mosaicplasty has been widely used for the treatment of focal, full-thickness, articular cartilage lesions of the knee and ankle joints. Commonly, the autografts are harvested from non-weight-bearing areas of the knee joint, leading to associated donor-site morbidity and representing a considerable disadvantage. This Technical Note presents a mosaicplasty procedure for harvesting autologous osteochondral plugs from the upper tibiofibular joint to repair articular cartilage defects. With this technique, it is possible to achieve low or no risk of donor-site morbidity, being therefore a safe and favorable option to treat large cartilage defects. Because of its minimal size-related restrictions, it enables harvesting larger plugs (filling an area up to 5 cm2) without any additional iatrogenic complications. Hence, mosaicplasty using the upper tibiofibular joint autografts can overcome many of the reported complications associated with osteochondral autograft harvesting. Thus, the upper tibiofibular joint articular surface should be considered as a safe and reliable autograft source for harvesting osteochondral plugs.

Modified Elmslie-Trillat Procedure for Distal Realignment of Patella Tendon.

Patellofemoral dysfunction, due to either a patellofemoral malalignment or patellar instability, is a complex and debilitating condition that significantly decreases the knee function. Conservative management may yield significant clinical outcomes; however, when morphologic anomalies are identified, the surgical approach should be employed. Hence, several surgical procedures have been described in the scientific literature aiming the correction of underlying extensor mechanism malalignments. Still, the rate of complications is higher than desirable. The described technique is based on the principles of transferring the tibial tubercle medially as described in the Elmslie-Trillat technique. However, a curvilinear horizontal cut is made prior to the vertical cut, which raises a thick osseous fragment and allows the formation of a gutter when the osseous fragment is moved medially. Whereas the horizontal gutter provides stability to the bone fragment, the thicker dimension of the osseous fragment and retention of the distal attachment significantly enhances the osteotomy union. Hence, adequate pain relief and stability with very low postoperative morbidity could be achieved. The purpose of this surgical note is to describe a modification to the Elmslie-Trillat technique to treat patellofemoral dysfunctions, achieving a higher osseous stability and decreased postoperative morbidity.

A simbologia presente nos estilos de Karate-Do / The symbols in the Karate-Do styles

O objetivo deste estudo é interpretar os diferentes significados existentes nos emblemas/símbolos de estilos e escolas de Karate-Do, analisando seus elementos internos e sua importância dentro dessa prática. Para sua realização, foram realizadas três etapas distintas: 1) catalogação e investigação dos estilos e escolas de Karate-Dō com maior representatividade histórica, cultural e política; 2) identificação dos símbolos utilizados por cada um desses estilos e escolas; e 3) análise de cada um desses símbolos. Essa análise torna-se importante para uma compreensão mais profunda dos diferentes significados envolvidos na prática do Karate-Do, pois, apesar de seguirem um conjunto de valores comum a todos os Budo, as escolas possuem sua própria visão de mundo, utilizando seus símbolos para reforçar ou externar tais conceitos. A maior parte dos símbolos analisados demonstra um aprofundamento cultural em seus grafismos, sendo reconhecidos alguns elementos até de aspecto espiritual ou religioso. Esse simbolismo, em si, mostra um aspecto relevante para a compreensão do próprio fenômeno multicultural nomeado Karate-Do.

AbstractThe goal of this study is to interpret the different meanings in the emblems/symbols of the styles and schools of Karate-Do, analyzing their internal elements and their importance within of this practice. This survey was composed by three distinct stages: 1) research and cataloging of the styles and schools of Karate-Do with historical, cultural and political representation; 2) identification of the symbols used by each one of these styles and schools; and 3) analysis of each one of these symbols. This analysis is important for a deeper understanding of the different meanings involved in the practice of Karate-Do. Although Karate-Do follow a common set of values to all Budo, schools have their own worldview, using their symbols to reinforce or express such concepts. Some symbols which was analyzed demonstrates a cultural enrichment in their artwork, being recognized by some elements of religious or spiritual aspect. This symbolism, in itself, shows an important aspect to understand the multicultural phenomenon named Karate-Do.

Os clubes de remo em Porto Alegre (RS) e a recomposição de fronteiras de identidades culturais / Rowing clubs in Porto Alegre (RS) and cultural identities

O objetivo desta pesquisa é desvendar como, no cenário do remo, foram reorganizadas as fronteiras identitárias com a fundação do Club de Regatas Almirante Barroso, nas duas primeiras décadas do século XX. Para a efetivação deste estudo histórico foram utilizados principalmente os jornais porto-alegrenses que circulavam no período. A fundação do Club Barroso modificou o cenário do remo em Porto Alegre, no início do século XX. Até então, os demais clubes de remo demarcavam fronteiras identitárias entre teuto-brasileiros e luso-brasileiros. O Club Barroso, diferentemente, congregou estes grupos de imigrantes e seus descendentes para a prática do esporte no Lago Guaíba. As fontes revelaram que esse clube de remo foi o primeiro da cidade a agrupar representações de identidades culturais luso-brasileiras e teuto-brasileiras.

The objective of this research is to unveil, in the scenario of rowing, were reorganized the boundaries of identity with the founding of the Club de Regatas Almirante Barroso, in the first two decades of the twentieth century. For the execution of this historical study, were primarily used the newspapers circulating in the period, in Porto Alegre. The Foundation of the Club Barroso modified the scenario of rowing in Porto Alegre, in the early 20th century. Until then, the remaining rowing clubs marked borders of identity between Brazilians and in 1867. The Club, unlike, brought together these groups of immigrants and their descendants for the practice of sport in Guaíba Lake. The sources revealed that this Rowing Club was the first of the city the Group representations of Luso-Brazilian and German cultural identities.

O desempenho desportivo: um mosaico de valores, sentidos e significados / Sports performance: a mosaic of values and meanings / Desempeño deportivo: un mosaico de valores, sentidos y significados

Vencer e perder faz parte do drama esportivo. Certos competidores, em nome do "ganhar", não encontram limites em sua ambição; outros, apesar de possuírem excelentes dados fisiológicos, não obtêm resultados positivos. No entanto, o esporte é mais que uma luta desenfreada pela vitória; é uma metáfora da própria vida e um meio de Educação; um meio de educar em valores. No presente trabalho, fizemos uma análise comparativa entre os princípios filosóficos e programas de preparação de atletas publicados por John Wooden e Bernardo Rocha de Resende, sugerindo, após, um novo modelo, baseado em valores, a partir de tais comparações

The winning and the losing are part of the sports drama. Certain competitors, in the name of "win", there are no limits to his ambition; others, despite having excellent physiological data, do not get positive practical results. However, sport is more than a fight for victory, is a metaphor for life itself and a way to education; a way to educate in values. In this work, we will make a comparative analysis between the philosophical principles of preparation of athletes published by John Wooden and Bernardo Rocha de Resende, suggesting a new model, based on values from such comparisons

Ganar y perder es parte del drama deportivo. Algunos competidores, con el objetivo de "ganar", no tiene límites en su ambición; otros, a pesar de tener excelentes datos fisiológicos, no consiguen resultados positivos. Sin embargo, el deporte es más que una lucha desenfrenada por la victoria; es una metáfora de la vida y un medio de educación; un medio para educar en valores. En este trabajo, hacemos un análisis comparativo de los principios filosóficos y la preparación de los atletas publicados por John Wooden y Bernardo Resende de Rocha y se sugiere, después, un nuevo modelo, basado en los valores de estas comparaciones

Paideia: a base cultural do desporto / Paideia: the cultural base of the sport

Neste texto buscamos trazer uma reflexão acerca de um elemento sócio-histórico-cultural capaz de representar todos ou quase todos os povos, nações e países do planeta: o desporto. Valemo-nos da filosofia da Paideia Antiga e de personagens míticos para percorrer a história do desporto e, ainda, paralelamente, da humanidade, visto que o próprio desporto é uma construção essencialmente humana. Ao mesmo tempo em que tentamos resgatar alguns dos temas mais valiosos e que deram origem e sentido a sua prática, buscamos trazê-los para a atualidade, pois, além de relembrar e mostrar sua importância cultural e histórica, a substância filosófica, pedagógica e axiológica faz-se necessária para compreender a Beleza do fenômeno desportivo. Cabe ressaltar que entendemos e tratamos o desporto como um sistema de códigos e de símbolos que tem muitas coisas implícitas as quais são necessárias investigar, lembrar e resgatar, apresentando aquilo que no desporto transcende as aparências e é motivo de valor, de nobreza, de beleza e, como os antigos queriam, de reflexão e contemplação. O desporto se nutre do agon, que é o seu mais importante agente pedagógico, o qual se torna presente na competição e que deve ser motivo de reflexões mais profundas. O local de competição ou disputas é entendido como sagrado e como lar ancestral da diversidade das manifestações humanas, onde vemos ou realizamos, por exemplo, uma ação desportiva que nos causa assombro e que nos desperta a alma, e desta forma atingimos o Kalos. A consciência pedagógica aconselha que diante da vitória e da derrota devemos adotar uma atitude de simplicidade e de serenidade, para assim haver aprendizado com e no desporto. Devemos entender o talento desportivo enquanto uma dádiva a luz da aretê: a fórmula divina que nos deixa apaixonados pela vida. A realização dos talentos nos eleva e dignifica, conforme a eterna Paideia.

In this text we search to bring a reflection concerning a social-historical-cultural element capable to represent all or almost all the peoples, nations and countries of the planet: the sport. We used the philosophy of the Old Paideia and mythical personages to cover the history of sport and, still, parallel, of the humanity, as the proper sport is a construction essentially human being. At the ame time where we try to rescue some of the subjects most valuable and that they had given origin and sense to the practice, we search to bring them for the present time, therefore, beyond remember and showing its cultural and historical importance, the philosophical, pedagogical and axiological substance becomes necessary to understand the Beauty of the sporting phenomenon. It fits to stand out that we understand and we deal with the sport as a system to codes and symbols that has many implicit things which are necessary to investigate, to remember and to rescue, presenting what in the sport it exceeds the appearances and it is reason of value, nobility, beauty and, as the old ones wanted, of reflection and contemplation. The sport if nourishes of agon, that is its more important pedagogical agent, which if becomes present in the competition and that it must be reason of deeper reflections. The place of competition or disputes is understood as sacred and as ancestral home of the diversity of the manifestations human beings, where we see or we carry through, for example, a porting action that cause us haunt and awakens the soul, and this way we reach the Kalos. The pedagogical conscience advises that ahead of the victory and the defeat we must adopt a serenity and simplicity attitude, thus to have learning with and in the sport. We must understand the talent sporting while a gift the light of aretê: the divine formula that in leaves them gotten passionate for the life. The accomplishment of the talentos in raises them and dignifies, as the perpetual Paideia.

Assessment of rotatory laxity in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees using magnetic resonance imaging with Porto-knee testing device.

PURPOSE: Objective evaluation of both antero-posterior translation and rotatory laxity of the knee remains a target to be accomplished. This is true for both preoperative planning and postoperative assessment of different ACL reconstruction emerging techniques. The ideal measurement tool should be simple, accurate and reproducible, while enabling to assess both ''anatomy'' and ''function'' during the same examination. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a new in-house developed testing device, the so-called Porto-knee testing device (PKTD). The PKTD is aimed to be used on the evaluation of both antero-posterior and rotatory laxity of the knee during MRI exams. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2010, 33 patients with ACLdeficient knees were enrolled for the purpose of this study. All patients were evaluated in the office and under anesthesia with Lachman test, lateral pivot-shift test and anterior drawer test. All cases were studied preoperatively with KT-1000 and MRI with PKTD, and examinations performed by independent observers blinded for clinical evaluation. During MRI, we have used a PKTD that applies antero-posterior translation and permits free tibial rotation through a standardized pressure (46.7 kPa) in the proximal posterior region of the leg. Measurements were taken for both knees and comparing side-to-side. Five patients with partial ruptures were excluded from the group of 33. RESULTS: For the 28 remaining patients, 3 women and 25 men, with mean age of 33.4 ± 9.4 years, 13 left and 15 right knees were tested. No significant correlation was noticed for Lachman test and PKTD results (n.s.). Pivot-shift had a strong positive correlation with the difference in anterior translation registered in lateral and medial tibia plateaus of injured knees (cor. coefficient = 0.80; p\0.05), and with the difference in this parameter as compared to side-to-side (cor. coefficient = 0.83; p\0.05). Considering the KT-1000 difference between injured and healthy knees, a very strong positive correlation was found for side-to-side difference in medial (cor. coefficient = 0.73; p\0.05) and lateral (cor. coefficient = 0.5; p\0.05) tibial plateau displacement using PKTD. CONCLUSION: The PKTD proved to be a reliable tool in assessment of antero-posterior translation (comparing with KT-1000) and rotatory laxity (compared with lateral pivotshift under anesthesia) of the ACL-deficient knee during MRI examination. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic studies, Level IV.

Osteochondral transplantation using autografts from the upper tibio-fibular joint for the treatment of knee cartilage lesions.

PURPOSE: Treatment of large cartilage lesions of the knee in weight-bearing areas is still a controversy and challenging topic. Autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty has proven to be a valid option for treatment but donor site morbidity with most frequently used autografts remains a source of concern. This study aims to assess clinical results and safety profile of autologous osteochondral graft from the upper tibio-fibular joint applied to reconstruct symptomatic osteochondral lesions of the knee. METHODS: Thirty-one patients (22 men and 9 women) with grade 4 cartilage lesions in the knee were operated by mosaicplasty technique using autologous osteochondral graft from the upper tibio-fibular joint, between 1998 and 2006. Clinical assessment included visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and Lysholm score. All patients were evaluated by MRI pre- and post-operatively regarding joint congruency as good, fair (inferior to 1 mm incongruence), and poor (incongruence higher than 1 mm registered in any frame). Donor zone status was evaluated according to specific protocol considering upper tibio-fibular joint instability, pain, neurological complications, lateral collateral ligament insufficiency, or ankle complaints. RESULTS: Mean age at surgery was 30.1 years (SD 12.2). In respect to lesion sites, 22 were located in weight-bearing area of medial femoral condyle, 7 in lateral femoral condyle, 1 in trochlea, and 1 in patella. Mean follow-up was 110.1 months (SD 23.2). Mean area of lesion was 3.3 cm2 (SD 1.7), and a variable number of cylinders were used, mean 2.5 (SD 1.3). Mean VAS score improved from 47.1 (SD 10.1) to 20.0 (SD 11.5); p = 0.00. Similarly, mean Lysholm score increased from 45.7 (SD 4.5) to 85.3 (SD 7.0); p = 0.00. The level of patient satisfaction was evaluated, and 28 patients declared to be satisfied/very satisfied and would do surgery again, while 3 declared as unsatisfied with the procedure and would not submit to surgery again. These three patients had lower clinical scores and kept complaints related to the original problem but unrelated to donor zone. MRI score significantly improved at 18-24 months comparing with pre-operative (p = 0.004). No radiographic or clinical complications related to donor zone with implication in activity were registered. CONCLUSIONS: This work corroborates that mosaicplasty technique using autologous osteochondral graft from the upper tibio-fibular joint is effective to treat osteochondral defects in the knee joint. No relevant complications related to donor zone were registered. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Case series, Level IV.

Desporto, Paideia e a Não Dualidade / Sport, Paideia and Nonduality

O presente ensaio tem a intenção de apresentar uma discussão, a partir das contribuições conceituais e filosóficas (oriental e ocidental), a respeito das esferas da dualidade e da não dualidade: refletir, a partir de uma visão tríade circunscrita nos diferentes princípios filosóficos, sobre as ideias e os conceitos que orientam para a Unidade. A filosofia platônico-socrática é a base das nossas meditações e, particularmente, dos indícios de Unidade junto à Paideia. Sugerimos a educação desportiva, por intermédio do seu extrato simbólico, como uma prática que pôde construir uma Unidade possível.

The present essay has the intention of presenting a discussion, based on the (Eastern and Western) conceptual and philosophical contribution, about the spheres of duality and nonduality: to reflect, from a triad vision restricted to the different philosophical principles, on the ideas and concepts that guide for the Unit. The Platonic-Socratic philosophy is the basis of our meditations and, particularly, of the evidence of Unity associated with the Paideia. We suggest the sport education, by means of its symbolic extract, as a practice than can construct a possible Unit.

El presente ensayo tiene la intención de presentar una discusión, a partir de las contribuciones conceptuales y filosóficas (oriental y occidental), sobre las esferas de la dualidad y la no-dualidad: reflexionar, desde una visión tríade circunscrita en los diferentes príncipíos fílosóficos, sobre las ideas y los conceptos que orientan para la Unidad. La filosofía platônico-socrática es la base de nuestras meditaciones y, particularmente, de los índicios de Unidad asociados a la Paideia. Sugerimos la educación deportiva, por intermedio de su extracto simbólico, como una práctica que puede construir una Unidad posible.

Miscellaneous ecological notes on Brazilian birds of prey and owls / Notas ecológicas variadas sobre aves de rapina e corujas brasileiras

Sixteen opportunistic field observations of eight species of Brazilian raptors (Falconiformes and Strigiformes) are reported here as a contribution to the knowledge of the natural history of these poorly studied birds in Brazil. The observations are related to the food habits (Buteo albicaudatus, Herpetotheres cachinnans, Milvago chimachima, Falco femoralis), reproduction (Asio stygius, Megascops choliba), mobbing behaviour elicited in other birds (Geranospiza caerulescens, H. cachinnans, F. femoralis, A. stygius, Athene cunicularia) and a rare case of leucism in owls (A. cunicularia).

Dezesseis observações de campo oportunísticas, envolvendo oito espécies de aves de rapina brasileiras (Falconiformes e Strigiformes) são aqui relatadas como uma contribuição para o conhecimento da história natural dessas aves relativamente pouco estudadas em nosso país. As observações estão relacionadas aos hábitos alimentares (Buteo albicaudatus, Herpetotheres cachinnans, Milvago chimachima, Falco femoralis), reprodução (Asio stygius, Megascops choliba), comportamento de tumulto provocado em outras aves (Geranospiza caerulescens, H. cachinnans, F. femoralis, A. stygius, Athene cunicularia) e um caso raro de leucismo em corujas (A. cunicularia).

New association between Philornis Meinert (Diptera: Muscidae) and Falconidae (Aves: Falconiformes).

This is the first record of Philornis falsificus Dodge & Aitken parasitizing a species of Falconidae.

New association between Philornis Meinert (Diptera: Muscidae) and Falconidae (Aves: Falconiformes) / Nova associação entre Philornis Meinert (Diptera: Muscidae) e Falconidae (Aves: Falconiformes)

This is the first record of Philornis falsificus Dodge & Aitken parasitizing a species of Falconidae.

Este é o primeiro registro de Philornis falsificus Dodge & Aitken parasitando uma espécie de Falconidae.