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2.
Cad Saude Publica ; 40(2): e00009923, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38381863

ABSTRACT

The habit of eating specific meals has been addressed in several studies, but the evaluation of meal patterns has received less attention. This study aimed to describe the meal patterns of the Brazilian population. A complex sampling design was used to select the 46,164 ≥ 10-year-old individuals examined in the Brazilian National Dietary Survey. Food consumption was assessed by two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls applied throughout a one-week period. The exploratory data analysis approach was used to determine the meal patterns, i.e., how individuals combined the main meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and snacks (morning, afternoon, evening/night) throughout the day. The most common meal patterns were three main meals + one snack, reported by 25.1% of the individuals, and three main meals + two snacks (24.6%). Other meal patterns identified were: three main meals + three snacks (18.5%); three main meals and no snacks (10.9%); one or two main meals + two snacks (7.4%); one or two main meals + one snack (6.9%); one or two main meals + three snacks (4.2%); and one or two main meals and no snacks (2.3%). Meal patterns varied according to gender and age group, and on typical versus atypical food consumption days. We found that eight patterns characterized the daily meal consumption in Brazil. Furthermore, around 80% of the population had three main meals every day and about 13% did not report having any snacks. The characterization of meal habits is important for tailoring and targeting health promotion actions.


Subject(s)
Energy Intake , Feeding Behavior , Meals , Snacks , Humans , Brazil , Diet , South American People
3.
J Oleo Sci ; 73(1): 11-23, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38171726

ABSTRACT

Fruits such as bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart), pracaxi (Pentaclethra macroloba Kuntze) and uxi (Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec), from the Amazon rainforest, are potentially interesting for studies of natural products. The current article aims at mapping and characterizing studies on the bacaba, pracaxi and uxi species. This review reports the main bioactive compounds identified in these species and discusses their therapeutic potential. Searches were performed in MEDLINE (Via Pubmed) and Web of Science. Thirty-one studies that described or evaluated the development of formulations aimed at the therapeutic use of the species were included. The findings suggest that species have the potential for the development of pharmaceutical formulations due to their therapeutic properties. However, further studies are required to assess safety and efficacy of these products. Therefore, it is suggested that new research studies propose strategies so that technological development is based on awareness and preservation of the biome.


Subject(s)
Arecaceae , Fabaceae , Fruit , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Oils
4.
Br J Nutr ; 131(9): 1591-1599, 2024 May 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38174420

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated changes in the use of sweeteners over one decade and the relationship between socio-demographics, diet and weight status with the type of sweetener. Data came from the Brazilian National Dietary Surveys of 2008-2009 and 2017-2018, including ≥ 10-year-old individuals (n 32 749; n 44 744, respectively, after excluding pregnant and lactating women). The use of table sugar, non-caloric sweeteners (NCS), both or none was reported through a specific question. Food consumption was assessed using two non-consecutive food records (2008-2009) and 24-h recalls (2017-2018). For the last survey, means of energy, macro and micronutrient intake, food groups' contribution (%) to daily energy intake and age- and energy-adjusted nutrient intake were estimated according to the type of sweetener used. Differences in means and proportions across the categories of sweeteners used were evaluated based on the 95 % CI. All analyses were stratified by sex and considered sample design and weights. Over 10 years, the use of table sugar decreased by 8 %, while the habit of not using any sweetener increased almost three times, and the use of NCS remained stable. Larger reductions in the use of table sugar were observed in the highest income level and among men. Regardless of sex, compared with NCS users, table sugar users had greater mean intake of energy, carbohydrates and added sugar and lower micronutrient intake means. Although table sugar is still the most used sweetener, the increased choice of 'no sweetener' is noteworthy in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Dietary Sugars , Energy Intake , Humans , Brazil , Female , Male , Adult , Young Adult , Child , Adolescent , Dietary Sugars/analysis , Dietary Sugars/administration & dosage , Middle Aged , Diet , Non-Nutritive Sweeteners/administration & dosage , Sweetening Agents , Diet Surveys , Socioeconomic Factors
5.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 40(2): e00009923, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534116

ABSTRACT

The habit of eating specific meals has been addressed in several studies, but the evaluation of meal patterns has received less attention. This study aimed to describe the meal patterns of the Brazilian population. A complex sampling design was used to select the 46,164 ≥ 10-year-old individuals examined in the Brazilian National Dietary Survey. Food consumption was assessed by two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls applied throughout a one-week period. The exploratory data analysis approach was used to determine the meal patterns, i.e., how individuals combined the main meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and snacks (morning, afternoon, evening/night) throughout the day. The most common meal patterns were three main meals + one snack, reported by 25.1% of the individuals, and three main meals + two snacks (24.6%). Other meal patterns identified were: three main meals + three snacks (18.5%); three main meals and no snacks (10.9%); one or two main meals + two snacks (7.4%); one or two main meals + one snack (6.9%); one or two main meals + three snacks (4.2%); and one or two main meals and no snacks (2.3%). Meal patterns varied according to gender and age group, and on typical versus atypical food consumption days. We found that eight patterns characterized the daily meal consumption in Brazil. Furthermore, around 80% of the population had three main meals every day and about 13% did not report having any snacks. The characterization of meal habits is important for tailoring and targeting health promotion actions.


Os hábitos de consumo de refeições específicas têm sido abordados em diversos estudos, no entanto, a avaliação dos padrões refeições tem recebido menos atenção. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os padrões de refeições da população brasileira. Um desenho amostral complexo foi utilizado para selecionar os 46.164 indivíduos de ≥ 10 anos examinados no Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação de 2017-2018. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de dois recordatórios de 24 horas não consecutivos, aplicados durante um período de uma semana. A análise exploratória de dados foi utilizada para determinar os padrões de refeições, ou seja, como os indivíduos combinam as principais refeições (café da manhã, almoço, jantar) e lanches (manhã, tarde, noite) ao longo do dia. Os padrões de refeições mais frequentes foram três refeições principais + um lanche, conforme relatado por 25,1% dos indivíduos, e três refeições principais + dois lanches (24,6%). Outros padrões de refeições identificados foram: três refeições principais + três lanches (18,5%); três refeições principais e nenhum lanche (10,9%); uma ou duas refeições principais + dois lanches (7,4%); uma ou duas refeições principais + um lanche (6,9%); uma ou duas refeições principais + três lanches (4,2%); e uma ou duas refeições principais e nenhum lanche (2,3%). Os padrões de refeições variaram de acordo com o sexo e a faixa etária, e nos dias típicos em comparação com os atípicos de consumo alimentar. Verificou-se que oito padrões caracterizaram o consumo diário de refeições no Brasil. Além disso, cerca de 80% da população realizava três refeições principais diárias e cerca de 13% reportaram não lanchar. A caracterização dos padrões de refeições é importante para adequar e direcionar ações de promoção da saúde.


Los hábitos alimenticios específicos se han abordado en varios estudios, sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre la evaluación de los patrones de alimentación. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el patrón de alimentación de la población brasileña. Se utilizó un diseño de muestra complejo para seleccionar a 46.164 individuos de ≥ 10 años quienes participaron en la Encuesta Nacional de Alimentación 2017-2018. El consumo alimentario se evaluó mediante dos registros de 24 horas no consecutivos, aplicados durante una semana. Para determinar el patrón de alimentación, se aplicó el análisis exploratorio, es decir, cómo las personas combinan las comidas principales (desayuno, almuerzo, cena) y las meriendas (mañana, tarde, noche) a lo largo del día. Los patrones de alimentación más frecuentes fueron tres comidas principales + una merienda según informan el 25,1% de los individuos, y tres comidas principales + dos meriendas (24,6%). Otros patrones identificados destacaron tres comidas principales + tres meriendas (18,5%); tres comidas principales sin merienda (10,9%); una o dos comidas principales + dos meriendas (7,4%); una o dos comidas principales + una merienda (6,9%); una o dos comidas principales + tres meriendas (4,2%); y una o dos comidas principales sin merienda (2,3%). Los patrones de alimentación tuvieron una variación según el sexo y el grupo de edad, y en días típicos en comparación con los atípicos de consumo de alimentos. Se encontró que ocho patrones caracterizan el consumo diario de comidas en Brasil. Por lo tanto, aproximadamente el 80% de la población tienen tres comidas principales al día y aproximadamente el 13% informan que no tienen merienda. Es importante caracterizar los patrones de alimentación para adaptar y orientar las acciones de promoción de la salud.

6.
Nutr Bull ; 48(4): 546-558, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37904632

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to evaluate characteristics and changes over a decade in dietary carbohydrate and lipid quality according to socio-demographic variables. Data was obtained from two Brazilian National Dietary Surveys 2008-2009 (n = 34 003) and 2017-2018 (n = 46 164) examining a nationwide representative sample of individuals ≥10 years old. Food intake was assessed by means of two non-consecutive diet records (2008-2009) and 24 h diet recalls (2017-2018). Carbohydrate Quality Index is a score ranging from 4 to 20 calculated from fibre intake, global dietary glycaemic index, solid/total carbohydrate (CHO) and whole grains/total grains CHO. Lipid Quality Index was estimated by dividing the sum of the dietary content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids by the sum of saturated and trans fatty acids. Indices were categorised into five categories (1 for lowest and 5 for highest quality). Socio-demographic variables were sex, age, income, urban/rural area and place of food consumption. The estimates (95% CI) were generated separately for each survey and then compared to identify changes in time. Our main findings refer to changes in diet quality according to income. At the lowest income level, the proportions of individuals in the best carbohydrate and lipid quality categories reduced from 26.9% to 20.6% and from 30.0% to 24.9%, respectively. Alternatively, at the highest income level, these proportions increased from 22.9% to 26.6% and from 11.9% to 15.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the quality of lipids improved in women and among individuals reporting some away-from-home food consumption, while the quality of carbohydrates was reduced among adolescents and in rural areas.


Subject(s)
Dietary Carbohydrates , Trans Fatty Acids , Adolescent , Humans , Female , Child , Brazil , Diet , Income
7.
Saúde Redes ; 9(3): 1-15, set. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1516088

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar a recusa alimentar e o perfil de peso em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) em uso de risperidona de um movimento social de Macaé. Métodos: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo, realizado no período entre março e junho de 2020, com 35 crianças (2 a 9 anos 11 meses e 29 dias) com TEA e em uso de risperidona, e suas respectivas mães vinculadas ao movimento social. Resultados: Neste estudo, 85,7% eram do sexo masculino, com média±DP de idade (anos) de 5,9±1,6 e renda média familiar entre 1 e 2 salários-mínimos (42,8%). Dessas, 61,8% apresentavam excesso de peso (sobrepeso e obesidade) e 77,1% recusa alimentar. Segundo os grupos de alimentos, detectou-se um maior percentual de recusa para as frutas (34,6%), verduras (30,8%), legumes (26,9%) e leite e derivados (15,4%). Em relação as características físicas, texturas em geral (42,3%), alimentos pastosos (64,3%), alimentos/preparações macias (38,5%), alimentos/preparações úmidas (30,7%) e cores específicas (15,3%) seguido pelas cores verde (21,4%, n=3) e amarela (14,3%, n=2). Conclusões: A maioria das crianças em uso de risperidona apresentou excesso de peso e recusa alimentar para frutas, verduras, legumes, leite e derivados, texturas (pastosas e líquidas), alimentos macios, úmidos e cores específicas.

8.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 28(2): 609-618, fev. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421180

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed at assessing the association between psychosocial aspects and fruit and vegetable consumption in adolescents. Cross-sectional study developed with 327 adolescents from a public school in Brazil. A questionnaire developed for adolescents was applied to assess the influence of self-efficacy, family, peers, and body image on the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Specific questions assessed the intake frequency of fruits and vegetables, and the mean consumption was estimated using two 24-hour recalls. Scores related to psychosocial aspects were described as mean and median and the weight status was classified based on the body mass index. The average daily consumption of fruits and vegetables was 36.2 g and 45.4 g, respectively. Self-efficacy and the influence of peers were associated with an increase in the amount and frequency of fruits and vegetables consumption. Adolescents with higher scores of self-efficacy had greater average consumption of fruits and vegetables when compared to those with lower scores. The same was observed for the influence of peers. Self-efficacy and the influence of peers were the factors that most influenced the consumption of fruits and vegetables in adolescents.


Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação entre aspectos psicossociais e o consumo de frutas e hortaliças em adolescentes. Estudo transversal desenvolvido com 327 adolescentes de uma escola pública do Brasil. Um questionário desenvolvido para adolescentes foi aplicado para avaliar a influência da autoeficácia, família, pares e imagem corporal sobre o consumo de frutas e hortaliças. Questões específicas avaliaram a frequência de ingestão de frutas e hortaliças e o consumo foi estimado por meio de dois recordatórios de 24 horas. Os escores relacionados aos aspectos psicossociais foram descritos por média e mediana e a condição de peso foi classificada com base no índice de massa corporal. O consumo diário médio de frutas e hortaliças foi de 36,2 g e 45,4 g, respectivamente. A autoeficácia e a influência dos pares associaram-se ao aumento da quantidade e da frequência de consumo de frutas e hortaliças. Os adolescentes com maiores valores no escore para autoeficácia apresentaram maior média de consumo de frutas e hortaliças quando comparados àqueles com menores escores. O mesmo foi observado para a influência dos pares. A autoeficácia e a influência dos pares foram os fatores que mais influenciaram o consumo de frutas e hortaliças em adolescentes.

9.
Cien Saude Colet ; 28(2): 609-618, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36651411

ABSTRACT

This study aimed at assessing the association between psychosocial aspects and fruit and vegetable consumption in adolescents. Cross-sectional study developed with 327 adolescents from a public school in Brazil. A questionnaire developed for adolescents was applied to assess the influence of self-efficacy, family, peers, and body image on the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Specific questions assessed the intake frequency of fruits and vegetables, and the mean consumption was estimated using two 24-hour recalls. Scores related to psychosocial aspects were described as mean and median and the weight status was classified based on the body mass index. The average daily consumption of fruits and vegetables was 36.2 g and 45.4 g, respectively. Self-efficacy and the influence of peers were associated with an increase in the amount and frequency of fruits and vegetables consumption. Adolescents with higher scores of self-efficacy had greater average consumption of fruits and vegetables when compared to those with lower scores. The same was observed for the influence of peers. Self-efficacy and the influence of peers were the factors that most influenced the consumption of fruits and vegetables in adolescents.


Subject(s)
Fruit , Vegetables , Humans , Adolescent , Diet , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Feeding Behavior
10.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 31(4): e31040433, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528258

ABSTRACT

Resumo Introdução: A qualidade de vida (QDV) favorável tem sido associada a dietas de melhor qualidade nutricional. Objetivo: Identificar padrões alimentares e estimar sua associação com a QDV em docentes universitários. Método: Estudo seccional com 112 docentes de uma universidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foram obtidos dados sociodemográficos, laborais, de saúde, estilo de vida, QDV e desgaste psíquico utilizando questionário autopreenchido. Consumo alimentar foi avaliado por questionário de frequência alimentar. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados por análise fatorial com extração por componentes principais, e sua associação com a QDV foi estimada por regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: 65% eram mulheres, 45% tinham ≥45 anos de idade e 43% apresentavam excesso de peso. O escore médio de QDV geral foi 70. Foram identificados os padrões alimentares: "lanche", "fast food", "restrito" e "básico". O padrão "restrito", composto por manteiga/margarina, pão, suco de fruta, laticínios e bebidas cafeinadas, apresentou associação direta com QDV geral e domínios psicológico e relações sociais; o padrão "lanche", composto por vegetais, carnes, frutas e bebidas cafeinadas, se associou diretamente ao domínio psicológico. Conclusões: Os padrões que mais explicaram a ingestão alimentar dos docentes eram de baixa qualidade nutricional. Padrão com teor reduzido de carboidratos associou-se com melhor QVD geral.


Abstract Background: Favorable quality of life (QOL) has been associated with diets with better nutritional quality. Objective: To identify dietary patterns and estimate their association with QOL among university faculty. Method: Cross-sectional study with faculty members (n=112) from a university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Information on socioeconomic, work, health, lifestyle, QOL, and psychological distress characteristics were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed by means of a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis with principal component extraction and their association with QOL scores was estimated using multiple linear regression models. Results: 65% were women, 45% were ≥45 years old, and 43% were overweight. The mean general QOL score was 70.0. Four dietary patterns were identified: "snack", "fast food", "controlled", and "basic". The "controlled" pattern, including butter/margarine, bread, fruit juice, dairy, and caffeinated beverages, was directly associated with general QOL and "social relationships" and "psychological" domains, the latter was also directly associated with the "snack" pattern, composed by vegetables, meats, fruits, caffeinated beverages, and butter/margarine. Conclusions: The eating patterns that most explained faculty food consumption presented low nutritional quality, while the pattern with limited carbohydrate content was associated with better general QOL.

11.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 36: e210180, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441032

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the food environment healthy eating potential in the authorized food services on the campus of a Brazilian university. Methods This is an observational study carried out between March and April 2014 on a campus of a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The elements of the food environment were evaluated using an audit instrument, containing 86 questions: availability (amount of food services and types of food offered), convenience (days and hours of operation), incentives and barriers to healthy eating (nutrition information, payment strategies and food advertisements). Preparations based on whole grains and fresh or minimally processed products were considered healthy foods; and, preparations with high caloric density, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweets, desserts, cookies, and savory snacks were considered unhealthy food. The questionnaire allowed us to calculate a score for each service, which could range from 0 to 36 points, and indicates the potential for promoting healthy eating in the establishment, with higher scores indicating a greater presence of elements that contribute to healthy eating. The different types of food service facilities were compared based on the scores (p<0.05 for statistical significance). Results Among the establishments evaluated, 24% were snack bars/cafeterias, 26%, restaurants, and 50% offered mixed services. Healthy food items were scarcely available in the establishments (fruits: 24%; vegetables: 20%; brown rice: 15%); while added-sugar beverages (98%), sweets and treats (76%) were widely offered. There was a higher frequency of advertising encouraging consumption of unhealthy items than that aimed at healthy foods (44% vs 30%). In general, the score was 13,2 points (SD=3.3) and the mean score for snack bars/cafeterias (9.3 points) was lower (p<0,05) than that of restaurants and mixed establishments (14,4 points). Conclusion On the campus assessed, the food environment had limited potential for healthy eating, since elements that did not favor healthy food choices were more frequent.


RESUMO Objetivo Identificar o potencial do ambiente alimentar para alimentação saudável em serviços permissionários no campus de uma universidade brasileira. Métodos Realizou-se um estudo observacional entre março e abril de 2014, em 54 serviços de alimentação permissionários de um campus de uma universidade pública do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os elementos do ambiente alimentar foram avaliados por meio de instrumento de auditoria contendo 86 questões: disponibilidade (quantidade de serviços de alimentação e tipos de alimentos comercializados), conveniência (dias e horários de funcionamento), estímulos e barreiras para a alimentação saudável (informação nutricional, estratégias de pagamento e propagandas de alimentos). As preparações à base de cereais integrais e produtos frescos ou minimamente processados foram considerados alimentos saudáveis e aquelas com elevada densidade calórica, bebidas com adição de açúcar, doces, sobremesas, guloseimas, biscoitos e lanches salgados foram considerados não saudáveis. O questionário permitiu calcular um escore, para cada serviço, que poderia variar entre 0 a 36 pontos, e indica o potencial para promoção da alimentação saudável no estabelecimento, sendo que escores mais elevados indicam maior presença de elementos que favorecem a alimentação saudável. Os diferentes tipos de serviços de alimentação permissionários foram comparados segundo os escores (p<0,05 para significância estatística). Resultados Dos estabelecimentos avaliados, 24% eram lanchonetes/cafeterias, 26%, restaurantes e 50%, mistos. Itens saudáveis eram disponibilizados de forma incipiente nos estabelecimentos (frutas: 24%; hortaliças: 20%; arroz integral: 15%), enquanto bebidas com adição de açúcar (98%) e doces e guloseimas (76%) eram amplamente ofertados. Havia maior frequência de propagandas incentivando o consumo de itens não saudáveis do que aquelas voltadas para alimentos saudáveis (44% vs 30%). De modo geral, o escore foi de 13,2 pontos (DP=3,3) e a média do escore de lanchonetes/cafeterias (9,3 pontos) era menor (p<0,05) do que a de restaurantes e estabelecimentos mistos (14,4 pontos). Conclusão O ambiente alimentar do campus avaliado apresentou potencial limitado para a alimentação saudável, uma vez que eram mais frequentes os elementos que não favoreciam escolhas alimentares saudáveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Universities , Collective Feeding , Diet, Healthy , Restaurants , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Snacks
12.
Demetra (Rio J.) ; 18: 65621, 2023. ^eilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1435664

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) é um grupo de desordens neurocomportamentais de grande complexidade. Ao longo dos anos, um número crescente de pessoas vem apresentando o diagnóstico. No Brasil, ainda há poucos estudos sobre o perfil nutricional desse grupo populacional. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil socioeconômico, demográfico, antropométrico e consumo alimentar de crianças com TEA de um movimento social de Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo do tipo exploratório, descritivo, quantitativo, de base primária, no período entre março e junho de 2020, com 92 crianças entre 2 e 9 anos e suas respectivas mães vinculadas ao movimento social de Macaé. Utilizaram-se dois questionários, o primeiro semiestruturado contendo variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, clínicas e antropométricas; e o segundo estruturado sobre consumo alimentar. As variáveis contínuas foram descritas por média, desvio-padrão, e as variáveis categóricas como proporção (%). Para verificar a significância das diferenças encontradas nas respostas por grupos e categorias, foi utilizado o teste estatístico qui-quadrado. Utilizou-se o pvalor <0,05 para significância estatística. Resultados: A maioria das crianças era do sexo masculino (81,5%) e não estava alfabetizada (75,0%). Detectaram-se 53,5% crianças com excesso de peso para a idade, segundo IMC por idade, e 91,1% com estatura adequada, segundo estatura por idade. Das 59 crianças avaliadas quanto ao consumo alimentar, 78,0% consumiram feijão no dia anterior; 57,6% frutas frescas e 54,2% vegetais e/ou legumes; 59,3% bebidas adoçadas e 37,3% doces. Conclusão: O excesso de peso e o consumo de marcadores de alimentos não saudáveis foram elevados no grupo avaliado.


Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ADS) is a group of highly complex disorders. Over the years, there has been a growing number of ADS-diagnosed persons. In Brazil, there are few studies on the nutritional profile of this population. Objective: To describe the socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric characteristics and food consumption of children with ADS from a social movement in Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Methods: An exploratory, descriptive, quantitative, primary research was carried out between March and June 2020, with 92 children aged 2 to 9 years and their respective mothers, members of the social movement in Macaé. Two questionnaires were used: the first was semi-structured containing socioeconomic, demographic clinical and anthropometric variables; the second, a structured questionnaire about foods consumption. The continuous variables were described as means, standard deviation, and the categorical variables as proportion (%). To determine the significance of the differences found in the responses by groups and categories, the chi-square test was used. P-value <0.05 was used for statistical significance. Results: Most children were male (81.5%) and illiterate (75.0%). It was found that 53.5% of the children were overweight, according to the BMI for age, and 91.1% had adequate height for age. Out of 59 children assessed for foods intake, 78.0% ate beans the day before the interview; 57.6% ate fresh fruits, and 54.2% vegetables; 59.3% consumed sweetened drinks and 37.3%, sweets. Conclusion: Overweight and markers of unhealthy eating habits were high for he assessed group.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Autistic Disorder , Socioeconomic Factors , Anthropometry , Demography , Nutritional Status , Eating , Brazil , Overweight , Diet, Healthy
13.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 27(7): 3429-3447, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442942

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar os aspectos sociais e clínicos de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) de um movimento social de Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo do tipo exploratório, quantitativo, de corte seccional, de base primária, desenvolvido no período entre março e junho de 2020, com crianças (2 a 9 anos 11 meses e 29 dias) com TEA (n=97) e suas respectivas mães de um movimento social do município de Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada com a aplicação de um questionário virtual semiestruturado, elaborado para o estudo, contendo os dados socioeconômicos, demográficos, características clínicas e aspectos marcantes da criança respondido pelos pais ou responsáveis dela. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comité de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: O estudo revelou crianças com idade média±DP de 5,4±1,8 anos, a maioria do sexo masculino (81,5%); sem alfabetização (75,0%); pardas (48,0%) e brancas (44,0%); sem doenças associadas (72,8%) e sem doenças adquiridas (75,0%); em uso de medicamentos (60,9%), dos quais 38,0% eram antipsicóticos atípicos. Verificou-se que 72,8% apresentavam déficits na comunicação e interação social; 71,7% dificuldade ou ausência de fala; 68,5% atividades repetitivas e comportamentos estereotipados; 44,6% redução do contato visual, e 31,5% restrição em mostrar, pegar ou utilizar objetos. Conclusão: A maior parte das crianças analisadas não apresentou doenças associadas, doenças adquiridas e seletividade alimentar; usa medicamentos, principalmente, a risperidona; possui déficits na comunicação e interação social, dificuldade ou ausência de fala, atividades repetitivas e comportamentos estereotipados, como descritos na literatura.


Objective: To identify the social and clinical aspects of children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) from a social movement in Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: Exploratory, quantitative, sectional, primary-based study, developed between March and June 2020, with children (2 to 9 years 11 months and 29 days) with ASD (n=97) and their mothers from a social movement in the municipality of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Data collection was performed with the application of a semi-structured virtual questionnaire, prepared for the study, containing socioeconomic, demographic data, clinical characteristics and striking aspects of the child answered by his parents or guardians. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: The study revealed children with mean±DP age of 5.4±1.8 years, mostly male (81.5%); non-literate (75.0%); brown (48.0%) and white (44.0%); no associated diseases (72.8%) and no acquired diseases (75.0%); on medication use (60.9%), of which 38.0% were atypical antipsychotics. It was found that 72.8% had deficits in communication and social interaction; 71.7% difficulty or absence of speech; 68.5% repetitive activities and stereotyped behaviors; 44.6% reduced eye contact, and 31.5% restricted showing, picking up or using objects. Conclusion: Most of the children analyzed had no associated diseases, acquired diseases, and food selectivity; they use medication, mainly risperidone; have deficits in communication and social interaction, difficulty or absence of speech, repetitive activities, and stereotyped behaviors, as described in the literature.


Objetivo: Identificar los aspectos sociales y clínicos de los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) de un movimiento social de Macaé, Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Método: Estudio exploratorio, cuantitativo, seccional, de base primaria, desarrollado entre marzo y junio de 2020, con niños (2 a 9 años 11 meses y 29 días) con TEA (n=97) y sus madres de un movimiento social del municipio de Macaé, Río de Janeiro. La recogida de datos se realizó con la aplicación de un cuestionario virtual semiestructurado, elaborado para el estudio, que contenía datos socioeconómicos, demográficos, características clínicas y aspectos llamativos del niño respondidos por sus padres o tutores. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: El estudio reveló niños con edad media±DP de 5,4±1,8 años, en su mayoría de sexo masculino (81,5%); analfabetos (75,0%); morenos (48,0%) y blancos (44,0%); sin enfermedades asociadas (72,8%) y sin enfermedades adquiridas (75,0%); en uso de medicamentos (60,9%), de los cuales 38,0% eran antipsicóticos atípicos. Se observó que el 72,8% presentaba déficit de comunicación e interacción social; el 71,7% dificultad o ausencia de habla; el 68,5% actividades repetitivas y conductas estereotipadas; el 44,6% disminución del contacto visual, y el 31,5% restricción para mostrar, coger o usar objetos. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los niños analizados no presentaban enfermedades asociadas, enfermedades adquiridas y selectividad alimentaria; utilizan medicación, principalmente risperidona; presentan déficits en la comunicación e interacción social, dificultad o ausencia de habla, actividades repetitivas y conductas estereotipadas, según lo descrito en la literatura.

14.
Demetra (Rio J.) ; 18: 69325, 2023. ^etab, ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442919

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Este estudo visou avaliar o desempenho da razão cintura-estatura (RCE) como indicador complementar do estado nutricional na primeira fase da adolescência. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal com 148 adolescentes (10 a 13 anos de idade) de duas escolas de Macaé, RJ, realizado em 2016/2017. Foram coletadas informações de maturação sexual, peso, estatura e perímetro da cintura (PC). Para verificar como as classificações do índice de massa corporal-para-idade (IMC/I), PC e RCE dialogam em termos de triagem de risco em saúde, foi feito o teste Kappa. Os limites máximos de sensibilidade e especificidade da RCE segundo o IMC/I foram analisados pela curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics). Resultados: Dentre os avaliados, 51,4% eram meninas e mais de 60% encontravam-se nos dois primeiros estágios de maturação sexual. A prevalência de excesso de peso (sobrepeso+obesidade) foi 31,8%, obesidade 17,6% e RCE elevada 20,3%, sem diferença segundo sexo e maturação sexual. A RCE apresentou boa concordância com excesso de peso (Kappa=0,707) e obesidade (Kappa=0,780). Já a concordância entre IMC/I e PC foi pobre. O valor de 0,45 da RCE foi o ponto de corte mais adequado para identificar os adolescentes com excesso de peso. Conclusões: Este trabalho sugere que a RCE apresenta melhor desempenho que o PC como indicador complementar do estado nutricional no início da adolescência. A RCE agrega informação sobre a gordura central ponderada pela estatura, não requer curva de comparação e apresenta ponto de corte, o que facilita ações de triagem nos serviços de saúde e em estudos epidemiológicos.


Objective: This study evaluated the performance of the Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHR) as an additional indicator of nutritional status in the first phase of adolescence. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, developed in 2016/2017, with 148 adolescents (10 to 13 years old) from two public schools of Macaé, a municipality in Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil. We collected information on sexual maturation, weight, height, and waist circumference (WC). The Kappa Test was performed to verify the accordance among Body Mass Index-for-Age (BMI/A), WC, and WHR in relation to health risk screening. The maximum limits of sensitivity and specificity of WHR according to BMI/A were analyzed by ROC curve (Receiver Operating Characteristics). Results: Among the participants, 51.4% were girls, and more than 60% were in the first two stages of sexual maturation. The prevalence of excess weight (overweight+obesity) was 31.8%, obesity 17.6%, and high WHR 20.3%, with no difference according to sex and sexual maturation. WHR showed good agreement with excess weight (Kappa=0.707) and obesity (Kappa=0.780). The agreement between BMI/A and WC was poor. The value 0.45 was the most appropriate WHR cutoff point to identify adolescents with excess weight. Conclusions: This study suggests that WHR performs better than WC as an additional indicator of nutritional status in early adolescence. WHR brings information on central adiposity weighted by height, does not require a comparison curve, and has a cutoff point, which may facilitate screening in health services and epidemiological studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Adolescent Nutrition , Waist-Height Ratio , Students , Brazil , Anthropometry , Overweight , Obesity
15.
Curr Microbiol ; 80(1): 11, 2022 Dec 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36459239

ABSTRACT

Bovines are carriers of Salmonella spp., a relevant foodborne pathogen, acting as contamination sources in slaughterhouses. Calves are prone to infection, and antimicrobial resistance may occur in such bacteria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and virulence determinants of Salmonella spp. recovered from calves in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Eighty-five calves' carcasses were evaluated (leather and veal meat). Thirteen Salmonella spp. isolates (8%) from 11 animals (13%) were obtained only from leather, indicating that contamination occurred before slaughter and that the meat was safe regarding this aspect. The serotypes S. Minnesota, S. Abony, S. Cerro, and S. Gafsa were identified, and all isolates were multidrug-resistant. The isolates had at least 19 virulence-related genes, and the blaOXA-48 resistance gene was detected in three (23%). The data suggest that treating infections caused by these bacteria may be difficult in animals from these farms and can also be an extended human health problem.


Subject(s)
Abattoirs , Salmonella , Humans , Animals , Cattle , Serogroup , Brazil/epidemiology , Tunisia , Salmonella/genetics
16.
Nutr Bull ; 47(4): 449-460, 2022 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36317893

ABSTRACT

This study was aimed at describing the snack consumption among Brazilian adolescents. The Brazilian National Dietary Survey (2017-2018) is a nationwide representative cross-sectional study that collected food consumption data from 8264 adolescents (10 to 19 years old); data from one 24-h recall were used, in which all foods and beverages consumed throughout the day prior to the interview were described along with the amount, unit of measurement, time, place and occasion of consumption (breakfast, lunch, dinner or snack). Snacks were classified as follows: (a) Morning snack: "Snacks" consumed between 6 AM and 12 PM; (b) Afternoon snack: "Snacks" consumed between 1 PM and 5 PM; (c) Evening snack: "Snacks" consumed between 6 PM and 5 AM. Individuals were categorised according to the number of "Snacks" per day (zero, one, two or three or more). Among the evaluated adolescents, 52.8% were female and 23.0% were overweight. The consumption of at least one snack per day was mentioned by 88.2% of the adolescents, with an average of 2.33 snacks per day. An afternoon snack was consumed by 70.0% of the adolescents. Snack consumption was related to higher mean daily energy intake and a greater contribution of carbohydrates, added sugar and trans fat to the total daily energy intake. 'Cookies & Crackers' and 'Fast Foods' were the groups that contributed the most to the energy intake provided by snacks, showing, therefore, that less healthy foods were relevant components of the snacks consumed. For their important contribution to food intake, snacking habits deserve attention among the topics covered in dietary guidelines.


Subject(s)
Diet , Snacks , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Child , Young Adult , Adult , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , Brazil , Habits
17.
Saúde Redes ; 8(Sup 1): 221-233, 20220708.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395451

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: avaliar a deficiência de iodo em gestantes, nutrizes e lactentes. Fonte de dados: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com busca sistemática nas bases de dados Medline, Scielo, Lilacs e Pubmed. Utilizou-se como descritores "deficiência de iodo", "iodo", "leite materno" e "lactente" e seus respectivos vocábulos em inglês. As publicações foram pré-selecionadas pelos títulos e resumos, e posteriormente pela leitura integral, sendo excluídos, aqueles resumos que não atendiam aos critérios inclusão. Na busca inicial foram identificadas 72 publicações. Após avaliação dos títulos dos artigos e exclusão dos que estavam em duplicata, 66 artigos foram potencialmente elegíveis e seguiram para etapa de leitura dos resumos. Após essa etapa, 37 foram excluídos. Seguiu-se com a leitura na íntegra que gerou a exclusão de mais 18 estudos. Do total inicial, 11 artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão. A maioria dos artigos selecionados retrataram deficiência de iodo em uma parcela significativa do grupo avaliado, especialmente em gestantes cuja prevalência de deficiência variou de 24 a 92%. Resumo das conclusões: Os resultados sinalizam que se faz pertinente a discussão sobre a necessidade ou não de suplementação de iodo para gestantes e nutrizes, visto que, nem todos os suplementos utilizados durante a gestação e lactação, contêm iodo na sua composição. Os estudos analisados, na sua maioria, apontam para importante deficiência de iodo no grupo materno-infantil cenário preocupante dada as demandas nutricionais aumentadas neste grupo.

18.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 35: e210227, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406923

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to describe the sensory workshops carried out as part of an intervention study developed in 2018 (Brazil), designed to promote the consumption of vegetables, legumes, and fruits among preschool children aged 4 to 6 years old (n=179). Methods The study comprised three stages: (a) raising awareness among the school staff and parents; (b) collecting data on children's food consumption; and (c) conducting sensory-based workshops. Through experimentation, children were encouraged to explore the senses of smell, taste, sight, hearing, and touch to learn about foods. Five workshops were held weekly each one corresponding to one of the senses. Participatory and interactive dynamics as well as playful techniques were adopted to stimulate children's interaction with foods and verbal expression about the experiences. Results Through experimentation, the senses of smell, taste, sight, hearing, and touch were explored, enabling children to learn about food and preparations. Conclusion The low-cost sensory method proved easy to apply and its replication in the school environment to promote healthy eating in preschoolers should be encouraged. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, under the register number RBR-5b6zrg.


RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as oficinas sensoriais realizadas no âmbito de um estudo de intervenção desenvolvido em 2018 (Brasil), para promover o consumo de verduras, legumes e frutas em pré-escolares de 4 a 6 anos (n=179). Métodos O estudo compreendeu três etapas: (a) sensibilização dos funcionários da escola e responsáveis; (b) coleta de dados sobre o consumo alimentar das crianças; e (c) realização de workshops de base sensorial. Por meio da experimentação, as crianças foram incentivadas a explorar os sentidos do olfato, do paladar, da visão, da audição e do tato para aprender sobre os alimentos. Semanalmente foram realizadas cinco oficinas, cada uma correspondendo a um dos sentidos. Dinâmicas participativas e interativas, bem como técnicas lúdicas foram adotadas a fim de estimular a interação das crianças com os alimentos e a expressão verbal sobre as experiências. Resultados A experimentação dos sentidos do olfato, paladar, visão, audição e tato foram explorados, possibilitando que as crianças aprendessem sobre alimentos e preparações. Conclusão O método sensorial de baixo custo mostrou-se de fácil aplicação, e sua replicação no ambiente escolar para promoção da alimentação saudável em pré-escolares deve ser incentivada. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, número de registro RBR-5b6zrg.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Sensation , Food and Nutrition Education , Child, Preschool , Child Nutrition/education
19.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 93(3): e20191456, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34378641

ABSTRACT

The spittlebugs Mahanarva spectabilis economically challenges cattle production of neotropical regions, due to its voracious feeding on tropical grasses. Here, we evaluated biochemical responses of the interaction between M. spectabilis and the widely cultivated tropical grasses Brachiaria spp. (i.e., brizantha and decumbens) and elephant grasses (cvs. Roxo de Botucatu and Pioneiro), regarding lipoxygenases, protease inhibitors, phytohormones, and proteolytic activities in the midgut of M. spectabilis. The M. spectabilis-infested grasses increased lipoxygenases activity, except for cv. Pioneiro. The levels of the phytohormones jasmonic and abscisic acids were similarly low in all genotypes and increased under herbivory. Furthermore, salicylic acid concentration was constitutively higher in Brachiaria sp., increasing only in spittlebug-infested B. decumbens. M. spectabilis infestations did not induce increases of protease inhibitors in any forage grass type. The trypsin activity remained unaltered, and the total proteolytic activity increased only in B. decumbens-fed insects. Our findings revealed that most forage grasses exposed to spittlebugs activate the lipoxygenases pathway, resulting in increased abscisic and jasmonic acids. However, greater amounts of these hormones do not induce protease inhibitory activity in response to spittlebug attack. This knowledge certainly helps to guide future projects aiming at reducing the impact of spittlebugs on forage production.


Subject(s)
Brachiaria , Hemiptera , Pennisetum , Animals , Cattle , Genotype , Herbivory
20.
Food Ethics ; 6(2): 11, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34179336

ABSTRACT

Due to the pandemic and the suspension of in-person school classes, there was an interruption in the meals served to approximately 40 million students who benefited from the Brazilian National School Feeding Program (PNAE). This article describes two case studies, comparing the strategies adopted by two municipalities for maintaining school feeding during the Covid-19 pandemic in the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and discuss possible impacts of these strategies on food and nutrition security. These municipalities together cover about 81% of the population in the region. In July 2020, we conducted interviews with PNAE municipal managers, following a qualitative approach. We discuss the results in relation to existing Brazilian guidance on food and nutrition security. The municipalities have developed distinct strategies to overcome operational obstacles and maintain PNAE goals, such as distributing food kits and making cash transfers to students' families. The main determinants of these strategies are financial availability, the relationship between municipal teams and school communities, and the pre-pandemic PNAE logistics and management. Depending on the strategy and duration of the pandemic, the impacts on food and nutrition security can be wide-ranging, affecting food quality and local farmers who sell products to PNAE. It is necessary to acknowledge that this is not a short-term pandemic and find ways to perform school feeding in accordance with PNAE criteria.

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