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1.
Viana do Castelo; s.n; 20210000.
Thesis in Portuguese | BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1254659

ABSTRACT

A pessoa em situação crítica apresenta um risco acrescido de desenvolvimento de úlceras por pressão, pela complexidade do seu estado clínico e pelos tratamentos necessários. Torna-se então fundamental perceber quais os fatores que mais contribuem para este risco acrescido e quantificá-lo, de forma a desenvolver estratégias preventivas eficazes e eficientes. Para este efeito, a utilização de escalas de avaliação de risco surge como um apoio à tomada de decisão do enfermeiro, sendo que a utilização da escala de Braden na pessoa internada em Cuidados Intensivos não é consensual, existindo escalas desenvolvidas especificamente para esta população. Este estudo tem como objetivos a tradução e validação para português da escala CALCULATE e a sua comparação com a escala de Braden, no que diz respeito às capacidades preditivas (sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo). Para isso, desenvolveu-se um estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, observacional e metodológico. Numa primeira fase procedeu-se à tradução e adaptação da escala CALCULATE à língua portuguesa. A segunda fase diz respeito à validação da escala e à análise da validade concorrente com a escala de Braden. Para a segunda fase, foi utilizada uma amostra sequencial de 218 admissões em duas unidades de cuidados intensivos polivalentes do norte do país, entre o dia 1 de junho e 31 de agosto de 2019. Foi registada uma incidência de úlceras por pressão de 16,1%, verificando-se uma predominância do sexo masculino (65,7%) e uma média de idade de 57,14±14,476 anos. O tempo médio para o aparecimento foi de 5,00±3,087 dias. Relativamente à classificação das UPP, a grande maioria foi classificada como categoria 2 (82,9%), seguida pelas úlceras não categorizáveis ­ profundidade indeterminada (14,3%), sendo que 54,2% se localizavam na região sacrococcígea e 25,6% na região occipital. A estabilidade temporal da escala CALCULATE foi verificada utilizando a correlação de Pearson entre vários momentos, conseguindo resultados satisfatórios que mostraram correlações moderadas e moderadas-altas. A validade concorrente foi analisada através de correlações com a escala de Braden, que se mostraram moderadas, valores negativos na ordem dos 0,60 indicando que ambas as escalas avaliam o mesmo tópico. A escala CALCULATE apresentou uma sensibilidade de 80,0%, uma especificidade de 71,0%, um valor preditivo positivo de 34,6% e um valor preditivo negativo de 94,9%, com um coeficiente de Matthews de 0,39. Já a escala de Braden apresentou 100,0% de sensibilidade, 13,1% de especificidade, 18,0% de valor preditivo positivo e 100,0% de valor preditivo negativo, com um coeficiente de Matthews de 0,16. Ambas as escalas apresentaram AUC acima de 0,70 (0,794 para a CALCULATE e 0,783 para a Braden), que mostra que ambas tem um poder discriminatório aceitável. Não obstante, conclui-se que a escala CALCULATE é mais indicada para a avaliação do risco de úlcera por pressão na pessoa em situação crítica por apresentar maior equilíbrio entre as propriedades preditivas e considerando que a previsão feita pela escala de Braden é quase aleatória.


The critical care patient has an increased risk of developing a pressure ulcer, due to both complexity of the clinical state and the treatments required. So, it´s imperative to understand what factors contribute the most for this increased risk and how to quantify it, in order to develop effective and efficient preventive strategies. Thus, the use of risk assessment scales supports the nurses' decision, although the Braden scale use is controversial in the person in Intensive Care, there are other scales specifically created for this population. This study aims to translate and validate to Portuguese the CALCULATE scale and to compare it with the Braden scale, considering the predictive properties (sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value). To do so, it was developed a longitudinal, observational and methodological study, divided in two parts. First, it was necessary to translate and adapt the CALCULATE scale to the Portuguese language. Afterwards, in a second phase, the scale was validated and had the concurrent validity assessed compared to the Braden scale. For the second phase, it was used a sequential sample of 218 admissions in two intensive care units in the north of the country, between the 1st of June and the 31st of August of 2019. There was a pressure ulcer incidence of 16,1%, mostly developed by men (65,7%) and with a mean age of 57,14±14,476 years. The average time for the development of an ulcer was 5,00±3,087 days. Considering the classification, most of them were category 2 ulcers (82,9%) and suspected deep tissue injury (14,3%). They were more frequent in the sacrum area (54,2%) and the occiput (25,6%). The temporal stability of the CALCULATE scale was verified using the Pearson correlation between several moments, with satisfactory results that showed moderate to moderate-high correlations. The concurrent validity was analysed through correlations with the Braden scale, which were moderate, with values around 0,60, indicating that both scales measure the same construct. The CALCULATE scale had a sensibility of 80,0%, a specificity of 71,0%, a positive predictive value of 34,6% and a negative predictive value of 94,9%, with a Matthews coefficient of 0,39. On the other hand, the Braden scale had 100,0% of sensibility, 13,1% of specificity, 18,0% of positive predictive value and 100,0% of negative predictive value, with a Matthews coefficient of 0,16. Both scales had AUC above 0,70 (0,794 for the CALCULATE and 0,783 for the Braden), which shows an acceptable accuracy. Nevertheless, the conclusion is that CALCULATE is more suitable to evaluate the risk of developing a pressure ulcer in the critical care patient because it shows more balance between the predictive properties and considering that the Braden scale is almost random in its predictions.


Subject(s)
Risk Factors , Critical Care , Pressure Ulcer , Medical-Surgical Nursing
2.
Arq Gastroenterol ; 45(3): 230-3, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18852952

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ever since the first total gastrectomy, there has always been a great concern in increasing the survival of patients, and with the advance of techniques, in improving the quality of life of these patients. The most common reconstruction technique of the gastrointestinal transit is the Roux-en-Y. The reposition of a functional pouch in place of the resected stomach was proposed to minimize the postprandial symptoms, improve the nutritional grade and consequently, the quality of life. The Safatle reconstruction of the gastrointestinal transit technique consists of, in short, in the association of the interposition of the jejunal loop with partial transit through the duodenum, with an inverted Roux-en-Y and with the creation of a pouch which resembles the dynamics of the stomach, achieved by duodenojejunal segment which has an antiperistalsis emptying. AIM: To assess, by radiographic means, the emptying of the duodenojejunal pouch in patients submitted to total gastrectomy using the Safatle reconstruction technique. METHOD: Twelve patients submitted to total gastrectomy using the Safatle technique due to gastric cancer were studied. They were summoned to perform contrasted radiographies of the esophagus-duodenum-jejunum by the videofluoroscopic method during the months of July and August, 2005. RESULTS: All the patients presented satisfactory movement of the duodenojejunal pouch and an adequate emptying in antiperistalsis without food stasis. There has been an average 25-minute drainage time of the duodenojejunal pouch. CONCLUSION: The duodenojejunal pouch, in the patients submitted to total gastrectomy using the Safatle reconstruction, presented adequate emptying and movement.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y/methods , Duodenum/diagnostic imaging , Jejunum/diagnostic imaging , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Stomach/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Duodenum/surgery , Female , Gastrectomy/methods , Gastric Emptying , Humans , Jejunum/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Stomach/surgery , Treatment Outcome
3.
Arq Gastroenterol ; 44(3): 230-4, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18060277

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernia is the second most common surgical case in our field. The anatomical factors alone are not enough to explain the inguinal hernia. Studies show changes in the proportion and quantity of collagen fibers in the developing of inguinal hernia. The greater production of collagen type III compared to the type I could justify the thinning of the fascia transversalis and its weakness. AIM: To determine the quantitative and qualitative changes of collagen in the fascia transversalis in inguinal hernia patients and compare them to findings from corpses without inguinal hernia. METHOD: Prospective case-control study based on the biopsy of fascia transversalis of 27 patients and 24 corpses. The technique used was hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius colorimetry. RESULTS: The medium percent area of collagen (types I + III) and collagen type I, in both groups, show no statistic difference. The quantity of collagen type III was greater in the patients. Patients classified with Nyhus IIIa presented greater quantity of collagen type III. CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in the quantity of collagen in the fascia transversalis of patients compared to the controls. An increase in the quantity of collagen type III was found in patients with inguinal hernia and a greater quantity in those patients classified with Nyhus IIIa.


Subject(s)
Collagen/analysis , Fascia/chemistry , Hernia, Inguinal/etiology , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Fascia/pathology , Hernia, Inguinal/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies
4.
Resuscitation ; 56(1): 9-13, 2003 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12505732

ABSTRACT

STUDY HYPOTHESIS: Recent studies have shown that induced hypothermia for twelve to twenty four hours improves outcome in patients who are resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. These studies used surface cooling, but this technique provided for relatively slow decreases in core temperature. Results from animal models suggest that further improvements in outcome may be possible if hypothermia is induced earlier after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that a rapid infusion of large volume (30 ml/kg), ice-cold (4 degrees C) intravenous fluid would be a safe, rapid and inexpensive technique to induce mild hypothermia in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. METHODS: We enrolled 22 patients who were comatose following resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. After initial evaluation in the Emergency Department (ED), a large volume (30 ml/kg) of ice-cold (4 degrees C) lactated Ringers solution was infused intravenously over 30 min. Data on vital signs, arterial blood gas, electrolyte and hematological was collected immediately before and after the infusion. RESULTS: The rapid infusion of large volume, ice-cold crystalloid fluid resulted in a significant decrease in median core temperature from 35.5 to 33.8 degrees C. There were also significant improvements in mean arterial blood pressure, renal function and acid-base analysis. No patient developed pulmonary odema. CONCLUSION: A rapid infusion of large volume, ice-cold crystalloid fluid is an inexpensive and effective method of inducing mild hypothermia in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and is associated with beneficial haemodynamic, renal and acid-base effects. Further studies of this technique are warranted.


Subject(s)
Emergency Medical Services/methods , Heart Arrest/therapy , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Resuscitation/methods , Acid-Base Equilibrium/physiology , Aged , Blood Pressure/physiology , Body Temperature , Coma/therapy , Humans , Kidney/physiology , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 28(5): 389-390, set.-out. 2001. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-496924

ABSTRACT

A case of lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to metastatic malignant melanoma in a man, in which the final diagnosis was made only on surgery, is reported. The patient underwent a segmentary enterectomy with primary anastomosis and he was discharged on tenth postoperative day.

6.
Acta cir. bras ; 16(1): 32-45, jan.-mar. 2001. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-281586

ABSTRACT

Obesidade hipotalâmica pode ocorrer em humanos e pode ser reproduzida, experimentalmente, por lesão do VMH em ratos. Esta obesidade pode ser revertida por vagotomia troncular (VT), devido à redução da ingestão alimentar e da insulinemia mediada pelo nervo vago. Experimentalmente, a injeção de MSG causa lesão em nível de ARC. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os efeitos do MSG em ratos e se VT os altera. Estudou-se 52 ratos Wistar machos, divididos em dois grupos de 26 animais, um submetido à injeção de MSG na fase neonatal e outro à de solução salina. Aos 30 dias de vida, após nova divisão, obteve-se: grupo MSG, submetido à VT (VTMSG), e outro à laparotomia (LAPMSG); grupo SALINA, submetido à VT (VTSAL), e outro à laparotomia (LAPSAL). Obteve-se peso, CNA e índice de Lee. O consumo alimentar foi obtido dos 30 aos 90 dias de vida. Aos 90 dias, após eutanásia, mensurou-se peso, CNA, índice de Lee e gordura perigonadal. Análise estatística foi realizada pelo "t de Student". Constatou-se que o MSG provoca redução do CNA e aumento do índice de Lee aos 30 dias de vida, e provoca redução do peso e do CNA, aumento do índice de Lee e da gordura perigonadal aos 90 dias e aumento do consumo alimentar dos 30 aos 90 dias de vida. A VT provoca redução do peso, do índice de Lee e da gordura perigonadal, e tendência à redução do CNA no rato injetado com MSG. A VT provoca redução de consumo alimentar nos primeiros 30 dias de pós-operatório, mas com tendência a maior consumo nos 30 dias subseqüentes. Conclui-se que o MSG injetado na fase neonatal provoca aumento do consumo alimentar e da adiposidade e causa redução da estatura e do peso do animal dos 30 aos 90 dias de vida. E que a VT, realizada aos 30 dias de vida, provoca redução do consumo alimentar nos primeiros 30 dias de pós-operatório, da adiposidade e do peso.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Food Additives/adverse effects , Obesity/etiology , Sodium Glutamate/adverse effects , Vagotomy, Truncal , Body Mass Index , Sodium Chloride/adverse effects , Hypothalamus/injuries , Laparotomy , Rats, Wistar
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