Functional Fruit Trees from the Atlantic and Amazon Forests: Selection of Potential Chestnut Trees Rich in Antioxidants, Nutrients, and Fatty Acids.

The Amazon rainforest and the biodiversity hotspot of the Atlantic Forest are home to fruit trees that produce functional foods, which are still underutilized. The present study aimed to select potential functional nut donor trees from two Brazilian chestnuts, by evaluating the nutritional and antioxidant composition of the nuts and the fatty acid profile of the oil. The nutritional characteristics, antioxidants, oil fatty acid profile, and X-ray densitometry of the nuts were evaluated, as well as the characterization of leaf and soil nutrients for each parent tree. The nut oil was evaluated through Brix (%), mass (g), yield (%), and the fatty acid profile. For L. pisonis, the most nutritious nuts were produced by L. pisonis tree 4 (N > P > K > Mg > Ca > Zn > Fe) and L. pisonis tree 6 (P > Ca > Mg > Mn > Zn > Cu > Fe), and for the species L. lanceolata, L. lanceolata tree 6 (N > P > Ca > Mg > Zn > Fe > Cu) and L. lanceolata tree 2 (P > K > Mg > Zn > Cu). In L. pisonis, the highest production of anthocyanins, DPPH, total phenolics, and flavonoids was obtained from the nuts of L. pisonis tree 4 as well as for L. lanceolata, from L. lanceolata tree 1, except for flavonoids. The Brix of the oil from the nuts of both species showed no difference between the trees and the fatty acid profile with a similar amount between saturated (48-65%) and unsaturated (34-57%) fatty acids. Both species have nuts rich in nutrients and antioxidant compounds and can be considered unconventional functional foods. The data collected in the present study confirm that the nuts of these species can replace other foods as a source of selenium.

A dive into the bath: embedded 3D bioprinting of freeform in vitro models.

Designing functional, vascularized, human scale in vitro models with biomimetic architectures and multiple cell types is a highly promising strategy for both a better understanding of natural tissue/organ development stages to inspire regenerative medicine, and to test novel therapeutics on personalized microphysiological systems. Extrusion-based 3D bioprinting is an effective biofabrication technology to engineer living constructs with predefined geometries and cell patterns. However, bioprinting high-resolution multilayered structures with mechanically weak hydrogel bioinks is challenging. The advent of embedded 3D bioprinting systems in recent years offered new avenues to explore this technology for in vitro modeling. By providing a stable, cell-friendly and perfusable environment to hold the bioink during and after printing, it allows to recapitulate native tissues' architecture and function in a well-controlled manner. Besides enabling freeform bioprinting of constructs with complex spatial organization, support baths can further provide functional housing systems for their long-term in vitro maintenance and screening. This minireview summarizes the recent advances in this field and discuss the enormous potential of embedded 3D bioprinting technologies as alternatives for the automated fabrication of more biomimetic in vitro models.

Writing 3D In Vitro Models of Human Tendon within a Biomimetic Fibrillar Support Platform.

Tendinopathies are poorly understood diseases for which treatment remains challenging. Relevant in vitro models to study human tendon physiology and pathophysiology are therefore highly needed. Here we propose the automated 3D writing of tendon microphysiological systems (MPSs) embedded in a biomimetic fibrillar support platform based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) self-assembly. Tendon decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) was used to formulate bioinks that closely recapitulate the biochemical signature of tendon niche. A monoculture system recreating the cellular patterns and phenotype of the tendon core was first developed and characterized. This system was then incorporated with a vascular compartment to study the crosstalk between the two cell populations. The combined biophysical and biochemical cues of the printed pattern and dECM hydrogel were revealed to be effective in inducing human-adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) differentiation toward the tenogenic lineage. In the multicellular system, chemotactic effects promoted endothelial cells migration toward the direction of the tendon core compartment, while the established cellular crosstalk boosted hASCs tenogenesis, emulating the tendon development stages. Overall, the proposed concept is a promising strategy for the automated fabrication of humanized organotypic tendon-on-chip models that will be a valuable new tool for the study of tendon physiology and pathogenesis mechanisms and for testing new tendinopathy treatments.

Long-term sperm cryopreservation does not affect post-thaw survival rates.

OBJECTIVE: To compare cryosurvival rates of human spermatozoa in a prolonged period of cryopreservation. METHODS: This retrospective study involved 33 cryopreserved semen samples from patients with cancer, between 2002 and 2011. The semen sample was obtained by masturbation and initial semen analysis was performed. The cryoprotectant solution was added and samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen in a slow step-wise process. For thawing, the samples were incubated at 25.0°C for 15 min, followed by incubation at 36.7°C for 15 min. The cryosurvival rate (CS) was calculate by CS= [(% total motile sperm post-thaw) x100/(% total motile sperm/tube)]. Each study sample was divided into three aliquots (Study Group; n=23): (I) official patient sample, which was kept cryopreserved for subsequent Assisted Reproduction procedure, cryopreserved between 2002 and 2011; (II) sample destined to post-thaw tests, performed after the sample had been kept cryopreserved for 24 hours; and (III) study sample. Only in 2014, after 3-12 years of cryopreservation, the study samples were thawed and evaluated. To validate the study design, a Validation Group was created including 10 samples obtained between 2014 and 2016, using the same methodology in the study samples. The data was analyzed using the T-test, with a significant p-value of 5%. RESULTS: The mean age was 29.93±9.57 years in the Study Group and 21.80±6.49 years in the Validation Group. No significant difference between the Validation and Study Groups was found in the initial semen analysis (p>0.05). After 24 hours of cryopreservation, the cryosurvival rate was 26.11±46.36% in the Study Group and 23.71±57.06% in the Validation Group. Aliquots of the same sample preserved from 3-12 years demonstrated 23.71±57.06% of cryosurvival rate. Thus, no significant difference was found vis-à-vis the cryosurvival rates (p=0.56). CONCLUSION: We concluded that the method introduced in the late 1990s, which enables the removal of debris, potentially toxic elements and generators of reactive oxygen species from the seminal sample before cryopreservation, exhibited efficiency in maintaining the same cryosurvival rate after an extended period.

De "lar" abominado a estimado (ou tolerado): reconfiguração das representações sobre institucionalização / From abominable to estimable (or tolerable) "home": reconfiguring representations related to institutionalization

Resumo Este estudo pretende identificar e analisar as representações que pessoas idosas institucionalizadas têm das estruturas residenciais que habitam. A hipótese formulada é a de que as pessoas idosas, quando institucionalizadas, poderão alterar a sua representação eivada de conteúdos avaliativos negativos de acordo com o cenário encontrado. Na pesquisa optou-se por uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, e o procedimento metodológico utilizado para coleta do material empírico foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Tomou-se como ponto de partida a teoria das representações sociais, desenvolvida por Serge Moscovici, para testar a ideia de que a experiência vivencial de entrada e estadia numa estrutura residencial para idosos poderá contribuir para uma alteração no sistema periférico das representações sociais do objeto, aliviando a carga negativa do seu núcleo central enquanto representação hegemônica. Foi possível perceber que a transformação das representações acontece por efeito de fatores experienciais e contextuais, na sequência de novas práticas sociais decorrentes do "viver em uma estrutura residencial". Nesse sentido, duas das principais contribuições deste estudo são a identificação e a análise das práticas potenciadoras de transformação da representação negativa da estrutura residencial, estruturadas numa tipologia tripartite: (1) conforto material e físico; (2) fuga à solidão; (3) manutenção da ligação à família.

Abstract This study aims to identify and analyze representations of institutionalized elderly regarding the residential facilities where they live. The hypothesis formulated in this study is that elderly people, when institutionalized, may change their representations, which entail negative evaluative contents, depending on the scenario they encounter. This study used a qualitative approach, with a semi-structured interview specifically designed for empirical data collection. Serge Moscovici's social representation theory was used as the theoretical framework to test the hypothesis that the experience of being admitted to and staying in a residential care facility for the elderly can contribute to changes in the peripheral system of social representations of the object, reducing the negative weight on its central core as a hegemonic representation. The results indicate that transformation of social representations is associated with experiential and contextual factors, occurring mainly as a result of new social practices within institutional daily life. Two of the major contributions of this study consisted in the identification and analysis of a tripartite typology of practices driving transformation of negative representations regarding residential care facilities, namely: (1) physical and material comfort; (2) escape from loneliness; and (3) preservation of family connections.

Melatonin and Caffeine Supplementation Used, Respectively, as Protective and Stimulating Agents in the Cryopreservation of Human Sperm Improves Survival, Viability, and Motility after Thawing compared to Traditional TEST-Yolk Buffer.

Cryopreservation processes can damage spermatozoa and impair structural and functional cell characteristics. Plasma, nuclear membranes, and cellular organelles can suffer from the freeze and thaw process. This study evaluates the protective and stimulant effect of melatonin and caffeine supplementation on the functional characteristics of human spermatozoa before and after freezing. Thirty seminal samples from normozoospermic men aged 19-45 years old collected between October 2012 and May 2017 were included. Semen samples were supplemented with either 2 mM melatonin (MEL) prior to cryopreservation, 2 mM caffeine (CAF) in postthaw, or CAF and MEL (CM) in precryopreservation and postthaw, respectively. Kinetics and seminal parameters, mitochondrial activity, DNA fragmentation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed before and after cryopreservation. A significant reduction in sperm concentration, total and progressive motility, sperm kinetics, and mitochondrial activity, as well as a significant increase in DNA fragmentation and ROS production in postthaw samples compared to fresh samples, was identified. After administration of a caffeine and/or melatonin supplement, there was a significant increase in progressive motility in the CAF (p = 0.005) and CM (p = 0.048) groups, as well as mitochondrial activity in the CM group (p < 0.05). Cryopreservation has negative effects on overall sperm quality and increases ROS production. A combination of caffeine and melatonin in prefreeze and postthaw sperm samples has proven to be a very effective and simple way to improve semen quality. This will be particularly useful for initial low-quality semen samples, those which suffer the most from the freezing/thawing process.

Medida de atitudes em contextos organizacionais masculinos / Medición de actitudes en contextos organizacionales masculinos / Measurement of attitudes in masculine organizational contexts

Resumo Compreender a persistência de concepções assimétricas assentes em estereotipia de gênero de trabalhadores é fundamental para as organizações que desejem desenvolver planos de gestão para a igualdade. O propósito deste estudo, realizado em Portugal, foi identificar se em contextos organizacionais altamente masculinizados, ou seja, majoritariamente masculinos, a estereotipia de gênero tende a ser mais acentuada. Para sua realização, aplicou-se o questionário "Men's Polarized Gender Thinking (MPGQ)" a uma amostra de 160 trabalhadores de 2 organizações - Águas Limpas e SOS. As participações no mercado de trabalho dos homens com níveis de instrução mais elevados se articulam com atitudes mais igualitaristas, ao passo que são os menos escolarizados que menos reconhecem as desigualdades. A escolarização e a educação dos indivíduos são consideradas fundamentais, pois se destacam como importante vetor de aquisição de um sistema de crenças e de valores sociais mais igualitários. Os resultados. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as atitudes dos homens em relação à igualdade de gênero não se distribuem aleatoriamente. Esses achados corroboram alertas lançados pelas abordagens da interseccionalidade.

Resumen Para entender la persistencia de concepciones asimétricas basadas en las estereotipias de género de los trabajadores, es fundamental que las organizaciones deseen desarrollar planes de gestión para la igualdad. El propósito de este estudio, realizado en Portugal, fue identificar si en contextos organizacionales altamente masculinizados la estereotipia de género tiende a ser más acentuada. Para su realización se aplicó el cuestionario Men's Polarized Gender Thinking en una muestra de 160 trabajadores de dos organizaciones: Águas Limpas y SOS. La participación en el mercado de trabajo de los hombres con niveles más elevados de instrucción está vinculada con actitudes más igualitarias, mientras que los menos escolarizados son los que menos reconocen las desigualdades. La escolarización y educación de los individuos se consideran fundamentales, ya que se destacan como un vector importante para la adquisición de un sistema de creencias y valores sociales más igualitario sobre el tema de las relaciones de género. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las actitudes de los hombres hacia la igualdad de género no se distribuyen aleatoriamente. Estos hallazgos corroboran las advertencias emitidas por los enfoques de interseccionalidad.

Abstract Organizations developing equality plans must understand the persistence of workers' asymmetric conceptions based on gender stereotype. This study was conducted in Portugal and aimed to identify whether there are more gender stereotypes in highly masculinized organizational contexts. A questionnaire "Men's Polarized Gender Thinking Questionnaire (MPGQ)" was applied to a sample of 160 workers from two organizations: Águas Limpas and SOS. In the labor market, men with higher levels of education tend to present more equalitarian attitudes, while less educated men are less likely to recognize inequalities. Individuals' schooling and education are crucial, as these aspects stand out as important vectors for the acquisition of a more equalitarian system of beliefs and social values on the theme of gender relations. The results show that the attitudes of men towards gender equality are not distributed randomly. These findings corroborate the warningsmade in research adopting intersectionality approaches.

The Portuguese Version of the Hartford Geriatric Social Work Competency Scale II - Assessment Subscale: Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties.

The current study aimed to test the fit of the Portuguese version of the Hartford Geriatric Social Work Competency Scale II - Assessment subscale (GSWCS-A) and explore its factor structure and psychometric properties in a sample of 534 social workers working in the gerontology field. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that all items presented good factor loadings and that the single-component model fit the data well. The GSWCS-A showed very good internal consistency. Despite the existence of different theoretical perspectives on Social Work, which frame the required competencies for professional practice, the GSWCS-A Portuguese version revealed similitudes with studies conducted in other countries. Nevertheless, the different factor structures (single-component vs. bi-factorial) may indicate that different competencies are being emphasised in terms of professional training. To sum, the GSWCS-A may be a short and useful self-report instrument for addressing social workers' assessment competencies in the gerontology setting.

Inclusão Escolar: Concepções dos Profissionais da Escola sobre o Surdo e a Surdez / School Inclusion: Conceptions of School Professionals About the Deaf and the Deafness / Inclusión Escolar: Concepciones de los Profesionales de la Escuela sobre el Sordo y la Sordera

A inclusão educacional de surdos tem sido frequentemente debatida, especialmente, pela condição bilíngue e bicultural dos alunos, que exige práticas diferenciadas de ensino que partem da Libras. O objetivo do estudo foi entender o que os profissionais da escola dizem sobre o papel dessa língua. Participaram: a diretora, o supervisor pedagógico, a coordenadora de linguagens e códigos, a coordenadora de humanas, o coordenador de exatas, o professor de português como segunda língua, a professora da sala de recursos e a intérprete de Libras. O trabalho de campo foi realizado em uma escola de ensino médio da rede pública do Distrito Federal. O método de pesquisa baseou-se construção de dados organizados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, seguindo os pressupostos teóricos do materialismo histórico dialético. Desta forma, os significados compartilhados entre o pesquisador e o entrevistador compuseram um texto para a análise da palavra e os significados que lhes são atribuídos, considerando as condições materiais em que é produzida. Depois de transcritas, as entrevistas formaram um texto em que a palavra é considerada como uma unidade de análise categórica. Das análises depreendeu-se um eixo intitulado: a concepção dos profissionais sobre o surdo e a surdez. As bases conclusivas do estudo apontam que há uma lacuna na formação profissional dos educadores no que tange as especificidades dos alunos....(AU)

The inclusion of deaf students has often been debated, especially for the bilingual and bicultural conditions of students who require specific teaching practices based on sign language. The objective of the study was to understand the point of view of educators on the role of this language. Eight professionals participated: the school director, the educational supervisor, the Brazilian Portuguese coordinator, the human sciences coordinator, the exact sciences coordinator, the teacher of Brazilian Portuguese as a second language, the resources room teacher and an interpreter of Brazilian Sign Language. The fieldwork was conducted at a public high school in Brazil's Federal District. The method of the research was based on the construction of data organized from semi-structured interviews, following the theoretical assumptions of the dialectical historical materialism. In this way, the meanings shared between the researcher and interviewer composed a text for the analysis of the word and the meanings attributed to it, considering the material conditions in which it is produced. After being transcribed, the interviews formed a text in which the word is considered as a categorical unit of analysis. From the data analysis one category emerged: The professionals' conception about the deaf student and the deafness. The conclusive bases of the study point out that there is a gap in the professional formation of educators regarding the specificities of students....(AU)

La inclusión educacional de sordos tiene sido frecuentemente debatida, en especial, por la condición bilingüe y bicultural de los alumnos, que exigen prácticas diferenciadas de enseñanza que proceden de las Libras. El objetivo del estudio fue entender lo que los profesionales de la escuela dicen acerca del papel de esta lengua. Participaron: el director, el supervisor pedagógico, la coordinadora de lenguajes y códigos, la coordinadora de humanas, el coordinador de exactas, el profesor de portugués como segunda lengua, la profesora del aula de recursos y la intérprete de Libras. El trabajo de campo fue realizado en una escuela de enseñanza media de la red pública de Distrito Federal (Brazil). El método de la investigación se basó en la construcción de datos organizados a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas, siguiendo los presupuestos teóricos del materialismo histórico dialéctico. De esta forma, los significados compartidos entre el investigador y el entrevistador compusieron un texto para el análisis de la palabra y los significados que se les atribuyen, considerando las condiciones materiales en que se produce. Después de transcritas, las entrevistas formaron un texto en el que la palabra es considerada como una unidad de análisis categórica. De los análisis se desprendió un eje intitulado: la concepción de los profesionales acerca del sordo y la sordera. Las bases conclusivas del estudio apuntan que hay una brecha en la formación profesional de los educadores en lo que se refiere a las especificidades de los alumnos....(AU)

Cartografia da oferta pública e privada de serviços dirigidos à população idosa em Portugal / Mapping of the public and private offers of services for the elderly in Portugal

Resumo Este artigo problematiza a adequação das respostas sociais dirigidas às pessoas idosas, como parte integrante das políticas de proteção social na velhice, em expansão, em Portugal desde o processo de democratização e modernização do pós-25 de abril de 1974. São analisadas as respostas sociais dirigidas à população idosa desde 1974. Conclui-se por descoincidências e ausências que implicam redefinição de políticas com efetiva sincronização entre diagnósticos sociais e serviço público.

Abstract In this article it is discussed the adequacy of the social responses aimed at the elderly, as an integrating part of the social protection policies in old age. Such policies have been expanding in Portugal since the post-25th-of-April-of-1974 democratization and modernization process. The social responses aimed at the elderly from 1974 on are analyzed. The conclusion is that there are non-coincidences and absences that imply policy redefinition with effective synchronization between social diagnoses and the public service.

An easy, reproducible and cost-effective method for andrologists to improve the laboratory diagnosis of nonobstructive azoospermia: a novel microcentrifugation technique.

This study describes a new method of microcentrifugation as an improved, viable, cost-effective option to the classical Cytospin apparatus to confirm azoospermia. Azoospermic semen samples were evaluated for cryptozoospermia by a centrifugation method similar to that of World Health Organization guidelines (2010; entire specimen centrifuged at 3000g for 15 min, and aliquots of the pellet examined). Then, if no sperm were detected, the pellet from that procedure was resuspended in culture medium, centrifuged (2000g for 15 min), and the entire pellet spread on a 4 X 6mm area of a slide and stained using the Christmas tree method (Nuclear-Fast solution and picric acid). The entire stained area was examined for the presence or absence of sperm. A total of 148 azoospermic samples (after standard WHO diagnosis) were included in the study and 21 samples (14.2%) were identified as sperm-positive. In all microcentrifugation slides, intact spermatozoa could be easily visualized against a clear background, with no cellular debris. This novel microcentrifugation technique is clearly a simple and effective method, with lower cost, increasing both sensitivity and specificity in confirming the absence or presence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. It may represent a step forward of prognostic value to be introduced by andrology laboratories in the routine evaluation of patients with azoospermia in the initial semen analysis.

An easy, reproducible and cost-effective method for andrologists to improve the laboratory diagnosis of non-obstructive azoospermia: a novel microcentrifugation technique

ABSTRACT This study describes a new method of microcentrifugation as an improved, viable, cost-effective option to the classical Cytospin apparatus to confirm azoospermia. Azoospermic semen samples were evaluated for cryptozoospermia by a centrifugation method similar to that of World Health Organization guidelines (2010; entire specimen centrifuged at 3000g for 15 min, and aliquots of the pellet examined). Then, if no sperm were detected, the pellet from that procedure was resuspended in culture medium, centrifuged (2000g for 15 min), and the entire pellet spread on a 4 X 6mm area of a slide and stained using the Christmas tree method (Nuclear-Fast solution and picric acid). The entire stained area was examined for the presence or absence of sperm. A total of 148 azoospermic samples (after standard WHO diagnosis) were included in the study and 21 samples (14.2%) were identified as sperm-positive. In all microcentrifugation slides, intact spermatozoa could be easily visualized against a clear background, with no cellular debris. This novel microcentrifugation technique is clearly a simple and effective method, with lower cost, increasing both sensitivity and specificity in confirming the absence or presence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. It may represent a step forward of prognostic value to be introduced by andrology laboratories in the routine evaluation of patients with azoospermia in the initial semen analysis.

Surdez e Diagnóstico: narrativas de surdos adultos / Narrative of Brazilian Individuals after Deafness Diagnosis

RESUMO Investigamos neste artigo o que os surdos narram sobre a descoberta de sua própria condição a partir do diagnóstico da surdez. Partimos de uma metodologia qualitativa, estruturada em forma de grupo focal composto por cinco surdos adultos pobres e conduzida por uma equipe multidisciplinar (pedagoga, psicóloga e intérprete de língua de sinais) ao longo de 2013 (Brasília, Brasil). Nos resultados, identificamos fragmentos narrativos reveladores de dois aspectos interdependentes sobre o impacto do diagnóstico da surdez na constituição do surdo: a) o efeito iatrogênico e b) o reposicionamento dramático das relações parentais após o diagnóstico. A conclusão aponta que, após a da descoberta da surdez, os participantes passam a ser vistos a partir do lugar da deficiência indesejada.

ABSTRACT In this article, we investigate what deaf people report about the discovery of their own deafness diagnosis. Our data was collected in a focal group composed of five poor deaf adults conducted by a multidisciplinary team (educator, psychologist and sign language interpreter). All meetings were held in 2013 in Brasília, Brazil. As a result of our analysis, we identified narrative fragments which reveal two interdependent aspects of the impact of deafness diagnosis on the subjective identity: a) the iatrogenic effect; and b) the dramatic reconfiguration of parental relations after diagnosis. Our conclusion indicates that, after the discovery of their deafness, subjects become identified in the light of the unwelcome deficiency.

Representações sociais do empreendedorismo no feminino e no masculino: investigação com estudantes / Social representations of male and female entrepreneurship: a research with students / Representaciones sociales del emprendedurismo en femenino y en masculino: investigación con estudiantes

Neste artigo entende-se o empreendedorismo como um processo socialmente construído por cognições sociais e práticas quotidianas que moldam e são moldadas pelas relações de gênero. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as representações sociais do empreendedorismo, uma atividade geralmente formulada como masculina. Esperava-se que as representações e estereotipia de gênero influenciassem as concepções de empreendedor e empreendedora. Usou-se a técnica de associação livre de palavras, com posterior análise de núcleo central e periférico de representações. Concluiu-se que existe uma valorização de atributos como liderança, dinamismo e criatividade ou inovação. Estes atributos estão associados à ideologia Schumpeteriana de empreendedorismo. No entanto, no núcleo periférico de representações surgiram nuances mais complexas e críticas. Verificou-se também uma associação entre atributos do empreendedorismo e atributos estereotipadamente masculinos, enquanto emergiu maior heterogeneidade nas representações de mulher empreendedora pela evocação de atributos associados ao estereótipo de feminilidade (simpatia, beleza, elegância, vaidade).

Entrepreneurship is considered a process that is socially constructed by social cognitions and everyday practices that shape and are shaped by gender relations. The aim of this study was to understand social representations of entrepreneurship, an activity generally formulated as a masculine one. The expectation was that gender representations and stereotypy influenced the conceptions about men and women entrepreneurs. We used the method of free word association, with analysis of central and peripheral representations. A valuation of attributes was found, such as leadership, dynamism, creativity and innovation. These attributes are associated with the Schumpeter ideology of entrepreneurship. However, the peripheral core representations come with more complex and critical nuances. An association between attributes of entrepreneurship and male stereotype was found, whereas a greater heterogeneity emerged in representations of entrepreneurial women, evoking attributes associated with the female stereotype (friendliness, beauty, elegance, vanity).

En este artículo se entiende el emprendedurismo como un proceso socialmente construido por cogniciones sociales y prácticas cotidianas que forman y son formadas por las relaciones de género. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer las representaciones sociales del emprendedurismo, una actividad generalmente formulada como masculina. Se esperaba que las representaciones y estereotipos de género influyeran en las concepciones de emprendedor y emprendedora. Se utilizó la técnica de asociación libre de palabras, con el posterior análisis del núcleo central y periférico de representaciones. Se concluye que existe una valoración de atributos tales como liderazgo, dinamismo y creatividad o innovación. Estos atributos están asociados con la ideología Schumpeteriana de emprendedurismo. Sin embargo, en el núcleo periférico de representaciones aparecieron matices más complejos y críticos. Se averiguó también una asociación entre los atributos del emprendedurismo y atributos estereotípicamente masculinos, mientras que una mayor heterogeneidad surgió en las representaciones de las mujeres emprendedoras por el recuerdo de atributos asociados al estereotipo de la feminidad (simpatía, belleza, elegancia, vanidad).

REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DO EMPREENDEDORISMO NO FEMININO E NO MASCULINO: INVESTIGAÇÃO COM ESTUDANTES / SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF MALE AND FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP:A RESEARCH WITH STUDENTS / Social representations of male and femal e entrepreneurship

Neste artigo entende-se o empreendedorismo como um processo socialmente construيdo por cogniçُes sociais e prلticas quotidianas que moldam e sمo moldadas pelas relaçُes de gênero. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as representaçُes sociais do empreendedorismo, uma atividade geralmente formulada como masculina. Esperava-se que as representaçُes e estereotipia de gênero influenciassem as concepçُes de empreendedor e empreendedora. Usou-se a técnica de associaçمo livre de palavras, com posterior anلlise de nْcleo central e periférico de representaçُes.Concluiu-se que existe uma valorizaçمo de atributos como liderança, dinamismo e criatividade ou inovaçمo. Estes atributos estمo associados à ideologia Schumpeteriana de empreendedorismo. No entanto, no nْcleo periférico de representaçُes surgiram nuances mais complexas e crيticas. Verificou-se também uma associaçمo entre atributos do empreendedorismo e atributos estereotipadamente masculinos, enquanto emergiu maior heterogeneidade nas representaçُes de mulher empreendedora pela evocaçمo de atributos associados ao estereَtipo de feminilidade (simpatia, beleza, elegância, vaidade

Entrepreneurship is considered a process that is socially constructed by social cognitions and everyday practices that shape and are shaped by gender relations. The aim of this study was to understand social representations of entrepreneurship, an activity generally formulated asa masculine one. The expectation was that gender representations and stereotypy influenced the conceptions about men and women entrepreneurs. We used the method of free word association, with analysis of central and peripheral representations. A valuationof attributes was found, such as leadership, dynamism, creativity and innovation. These attributes are associated with the Schumpeter ideology of entrepreneurship. However, the peripheral core representations come with more complex and critical nuances. An association between attributes of entrepreneurship and male stereotype was found, whereas a greater heterogeneity emerged in representations of entrepreneurial women, evoking attributes associated with the female stereotype (friendliness, beauty, elegance, vanity)

En este artículo se entiende el emprendedurismo como un proceso socialmente construido por cogniciones sociales y prácticas cotidianas que forman y son formadas por las relaciones de género. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer las representaciones sociales del emprendedurismo, una actividad generalmente formulada como masculina. Se esperaba que las representaciones y estereotipos de género influyeran en las concepciones de emprendedor y emprendedora. Se utilizó la técnica de asociación libre de palabras, con el posterior análisis del núcleo central y periférico de representaciones.Se concluye que existe una valoración de atributos tales como liderazgo, dinamismo y creatividad o innovación. Estos atributos están asociados con la ideología Schumpeteriana de emprendedurismo. Sin embargo, en el núcleo periférico de representaciones aparecieron matices más complejos y críticos. Se averiguó también una asociación entre los atributos del emprendedurismo y atributos estereotípicamente masculinos, mientras que una mayor heterogeneidad surgió en las representaciones de las mujeres emprendedoras por el recuerdo de atributos asociados al estereotipo de la feminidad (simpatía, belleza, elegancia, vanidad)

Aplicação da avaliação ultraestrutural de espermatozoides na rotina da andrologia / Application of sperm ultra structural evaluation in andrology routine

A microscopia eletrônica de espermatozoides é uma ferramenta complementar da análise seminal que pode contribuir na interpretação clínica da astenozoospermia grave e da teratozoospermia e na investigação de infertilidade idiopática. Reportamos um caso de paciente com varicocele, submetido à varicocelectomia, com análise seminal ultraestrutural por microscopia eletrônica.

Electron microscopy of sperm is a complementary tool to semen analysis that can contribute to the clinical interpretation of severe astenozoospermia, teratozoospermia and idiopathic infertility investigation. We report a patient with varicocele, submitted to varicocelectomy,with seminal ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy.

Identidade psicossocial dos adolescentes no regime de internato na educação agrícola / Psychosocial identity of the adolescents in boarding school system in the agricultural education

Este artigo é o resultado de uma pesquisa de mestrado onde procuramos estudar e compreender a identidade psicossocial dos adolescentes submetidos ao regime de internato. Discutimos o tema do colégio interno na literatura além de apontamentos sobre adolescência em diversas abordagens psicológicas. As estratégias de investigação foram entrevistas, relatos e grupo focal. Concluímos que, mesmo com as dificuldades os alunos acreditam que o futuro promissor só pode ser alcançado através de uma formação técnica, o que lhes possibilitaria não só adquirirem um saber, mas também como forma deterem acesso a um trabalho de melhor remuneração. Um melhor entendimento da realidade circundante permite que possamos subsidiar diferentes profissionais de instituições que também adotam o internato como opção de permanência. (AU)

This article is the result of a research where we try to study and to understand the psychosocial identity of adolescents undergoing boarding. We discussed the issue of boarding school in literature and notes about adolescence in various psychological approaches. Research strategies were interviews, and focus group reports. We conclude that, even with the difficulties students believe that the promising future can only be achieved through technical training, which would enable them not only to acquire a knowledge, but also as a way to gain access to a better-paying job. A better understanding of the surrounding reality allows us to subsidize various professional institutions also adopt boarding as an option to stay. (AU)

O universo rural nas representações sociais de estudantes de ciências agrárias em duas diferentes regiões geográficas / The rural universe in the social representations of students from agricultural sciences in two different geographical regions

Há um debate no âmbito da questão rural sobre como se estruturam as identidades de atores sociais envolvidos com a atividade agrícola. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e comparar as representações sociais que 400 alunos de cursos da área de ciências agrárias de duas Universidades Federais possuem sobre as identidades de camponeses e agricultores. Foiutilizada uma tarefa de evocação livre com os termos indutores “agricultor” e “camponês” para obtenção dos dados. Os resultados apontaram que os camponeses são representados pelosestudantes como atores arcaicos, deslocados historicamente e excluídos das formas de produção econômica vigentes no campo, enquanto que os agricultores são representados como modernos produtores de riquezas e de desenvolvimento do campo.

There is a debate on rural issues about how to structure the identities of social actors involved with farming. This study aimed to identify and compare social representations of 400 students attending courses in the area of agricultural sciences in two Brazilian Federal Universities. The study explored the social representations on the identities of peasants and farmers. The data was obtained through the task of free evocation of words technique and the inducing terms were “agriculturist” and “peasant”. The results point to the fact that peasants are represented by students as archaic actors, historically displaced and excluded from existingeconomic forms of production, while agriculturists are portrayed as modern producers of wealth and rural development.

O universo rural nas representações sociais de estudantes de ciências agrárias em duas diferentes regiões geográficas / The rural universe in the social representations of students from agricultural sciences in two different geographical regions

Há um debate no âmbito da questão rural sobre como se estruturam as identidades de atores sociais envolvidos com a atividade agrícola. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e comparar as representações sociais que 400 alunos de cursos da área de ciências agrárias de duas Universidades Federais possuem sobre as identidades de camponeses e agricultores. Foiutilizada uma tarefa de evocação livre com os termos indutores “agricultor” e “camponês” para obtenção dos dados. Os resultados apontaram que os camponeses são representados pelosestudantes como atores arcaicos, deslocados historicamente e excluídos das formas de produção econômica vigentes no campo, enquanto que os agricultores são representados como modernos produtores de riquezas e de desenvolvimento do campo. (AU)

There is a debate on rural issues about how to structure the identities of social actors involved with farming. This study aimed to identify and compare social representations of 400 students attending courses in the area of agricultural sciences in two Brazilian Federal Universities. The study explored the social representations on the identities of peasants and farmers. The data was obtained through the task of free evocation of words technique and the inducing terms were “agriculturist” and “peasant”. The results point to the fact that peasants are represented by students as archaic actors, historically displaced and excluded from existingeconomic forms of production, while agriculturists are portrayed as modern producers of wealth and rural development. (AU)