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1.
Health Promot Int ; 38(6)2023 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38011399

ABSTRACT

Adolescence is an essential stage of life for developing actions related to health promotion, especially in health education (HE). Public policies advocate for the expansion of participative technologies in this field, as well as different theoretical and methodological perspectives subsidize these. Among these, Paulo Freire's reference guide is practiced in Brazil and around the world. From the Freirean perspective, Thematic Investigation (TI) defines the content of the educational practice. This paper describes a methodological proposal of the Freirean Thematic Investigation for developing health educational practices and promoting health among adolescents. Initially, we describe the conception of the Freirean rationale that sets the grounds for the proposed method: human being, dialogical education and reality and their connections with HE with adolescents in a critical perspective. The methodological proposal is systematized into five stages: (i) Approaching adolescents and the field of educational practices; (ii) Reading reality; (iii) Seminars for analyzing reality reading and preparing the codifications; (iv) Critical analysis of reality; and (v) Planning educational practices. The TI confronts the adult-centric perspectives that characterize adolescent health care. Moreover, as a praxis, TI is a process of reflection and action with adolescents, allowing for not only the discovery of the themes that build educational practices but also for solutions (untested feasibility) for the individual and collective problems experienced by adolescents concerning their health.


Subject(s)
Health Education , Health Promotion , Adult , Humans , Adolescent , Educational Status , Brazil , Public Policy
2.
Future Microbiol ; 16: 879-893, 2021 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34319132

ABSTRACT

Aim: To investigate the role of pre-established Staphylococcus aureus on Pseudomonas aeruginosa adaptation and antibiotic tolerance. Materials & methods: Bacteria were cultured mimicking the sequential pattern of lung colonization and exposure to ciprofloxacin. Results: In the absence of ciprofloxacin exposure, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa coexisted supported by the physicochemical characteristics of the artificial sputum medium. S. aureus had no role in P. aeruginosa tolerance against ciprofloxacin and did not select P. aeruginosa small-colony variants during antibiotic treatment. rhlR and psqE were downregulated after the contact with S. aureus indicating that P. aeruginosa attenuated its virulence potential. Conclusion:P. aeruginosa and S. aureus can cohabit in cystic fibrosis airway environment for long-term without significant impact on P. aeruginosa adaptation and antibiotic tolerance.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Cystic Fibrosis , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology , Cystic Fibrosis/complications , Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology , Humans , Pseudomonas Infections , Staphylococcal Infections , Virulence
3.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 25: e200697, 2021. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286861

ABSTRACT

O racismo gera iniquidades na saúde, caracterizando-se como importante fator de violação de direitos. As políticas curriculares de ação afirmativa e a Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra (PNSIPN) apontam que a formação dos profissionais de saúde é um campo estratégico para a alteração desse quadro. Este texto apresenta um relato sobre a experiência exitosa de um Grupo Temático (GT) 28 - Saúde, currículo, formação, composto por integrantes do GT Racismo e Saúde, da Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Abrasco). Ao pautar a formação de profissionais da saúde, a política de saúde da população negra e a educação das relações étnico-raciais, o GT mobilizou esforços para promover formação, levantamento de propostas formativas e divulgação de experiências, que resultaram na organização e na publicação de um dossiê. O relato revela uma metodologia de trabalho colaborativo e expressa desafios e possibilidades para a formação em saúde da população negra. (AU)


El racismo genera iniquidades en la salud, caracterizándose como importante factor de violación de derechos. Las políticas curriculares de acción afirmativa y la Política Nacional de Salud Integral de la Población Negra señalan que la formación de los profesionales de salud es un campo estratégico para la alteración de este cuadro. Este texto presenta un relato sobre la experiencia exitosa de un grupo temático (GT 28 - Salud, currículum, formación) compuesto por integrantes del GT Racismo y Salud, de la Asociación Brasileña de Salud Colectiva (Abrasco). Al pautar la formación de profesionales de la salud, la política de salud de la población negra y la educación de las relaciones étnico-raciales, el GT movilizó esfuerzos para promover formación, levantamiento de propuestas formativas y divulgación de experiencias, que resultaron en la organización y publicación de un dosier. El relato revela una metodología de trabajo colaborativo y expresa desafíos y posibilidades para la formación en salud de la población negra. (AU)


Racism creates inequities in health and a major reason for the violation of rights. Curriculum policies that cover affirmative actions and the Brazilian National Policy for Integral Health of the Black Population stress that the education of health professionals is a strategic field for changing this situation. This article reports the successful experience of a working group (WG 28 - Health, Curriculum, Education) composed of members of the Abrasco Racism and Health Working Group. By discussing the education of health professionals, health policies for the black population, and the education on ethnic-racial relations, the WG mobilized efforts to promote education, survey educational proposals, and disseminate experiences that resulted in the organization and publication of a dossier. This report reveals a collaborative work methodology and presents the challenges and possibilities for Health Education of the black population. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel/education , Black People/legislation & jurisprudence , Ethnic and Racial Minorities/psychology , Curriculum/trends , Gender Identity
4.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32974221

ABSTRACT

Cystic fibrosis (CF) disease provokes the accumulation of thick and viscous sputum in the lungs, favoring the development of chronic and polymicrobial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main bacterium responsible for these chronic infections, and much of the difficulty involved in eradicating it is due to biofilm formation. However, this could be mitigated using adjuvant compounds that help or potentiate the antibiotic action. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to search for substances that function as adjuvants and also as biofilm-controlling compounds, preventing or dismantling P. aeruginosa biofilms formed in an in vitro CF airway environment. Dual combinations of compounds with subinhibitory (1 and 2 mg/L) and inhibitory concentrations (4 mg/L) of ciprofloxacin were tested to inhibit the bacterial growth and biofilm formation (prophylactic approach) and to eradicate 24-h-old P. aeruginosa populations, including planktonic cells and biofilms (treatment approach). Our results revealed that aspartic acid (Asp) and succinic acid (Suc) restored ciprofloxacin action against P. aeruginosa. Suc combined with 2 mg/L of ciprofloxacin (Suc-Cip) was able to eradicate bacteria, and Asp combined with 4 mg/L of ciprofloxacin (Asp-Cip) seemed to eradicate the whole 24-h-old populations, including planktonic cells and biofilms. Based on biomass depletion data, we noted that Asp induced cell death and Suc seemed somehow to block or reduce the expression of ciprofloxacin resistance. As far as we know, this kind of action had not been reported up till now. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Burkholderia cenocepacia did not affect the efficacy of the Asp-Cip and Suc-Cip therapies against P. aeruginosa and, also important, P. aeruginosa depletion from polymicrobial communities did not create a window of opportunity for these species to thrive. Rather the contrary, Asp and Suc also improved ciprofloxacin action against B. cenocepacia. Further studies on the cytotoxicity using lung epithelial cells indicated toxicity of Suc-Cip caused by the Suc. In conclusion, we provided evidences that Asp and Suc could be potential ciprofloxacin adjuvants to eradicate P. aeruginosa living within polymicrobial communities. Asp-Cip and Suc-Cip could be promising therapeutic options to cope with CF treatment failures.


Subject(s)
Coinfection , Cystic Fibrosis , Pseudomonas Infections , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Aspartic Acid , Biofilms , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology , Cystic Fibrosis/complications , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Succinic Acid
5.
Int J Med Microbiol ; 308(8): 1053-1064, 2018 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30377031

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic infections are the major cause of high morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients due to the use of sophisticated mechanisms of adaptation, including clonal diversification into specialized CF-adapted phenotypes. In contrast to chronic infections, very little is known about what occurs after CF lungs colonization and at early infection stages. This study aims to investigate the early events of P. aeruginosa adaptation to CF environment, in particular, to inspect the occurrence of clonal diversification at early stages of infection development and its impact on antibiotherapy effectiveness. To mimic CF early infections, three P. aeruginosa strains were long-term grown in artificial sputum (ASM) over 10 days and phenotypic diversity verified through colony morphology characterization. Biofilm sub- and inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin were applied to non- and diversified populations to evaluate antibiotic effectiveness on P. aeruginosa eradication. Our results demonstrated that clonal diversification might occur after ASM colonization and growth. However, this phenotypic diversification did not compromise ciprofloxacin efficacy in P. aeruginosa eradication since a biofilm minimal inhibitory dosage would be applied. The expected absence of mutators in P. aeruginosa populations led us to speculate that clonal diversification in the absence of ciprofloxacin treatments could be driven by niche specialization. Yet, biofilm sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin seemed to overlap niche specialization as "fitter" variants emerged, such as mucoid, small colony and pinpoint variants, known to be highly resistant to antibiotics. The pathogenic potential of all emergent colony morphotypes-associated bacteria, distinct from the wild-morphotypes, revealed that P. aeruginosa evolved to a non-swimming phenotype. Impaired swimming motility seemed to be one of the first evolutionary steps of P. aeruginosa in CF lungs that could pave the way for further adaptation steps including biofilm formation and progress to chronic infection. Based on our findings, impaired swimming motility seemed to be a candidate to disease marker of P. aeruginosa infection development. Despite our in vitro CF model represents a step forward towards in vivo scenario simulation and provided valuable insights about the early events, more and distinct P. aeruginosa strains should be studied to strengthen our results.


Subject(s)
Adaptation, Physiological , Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology , Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology , Sputum/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Bacterial Translocation , Biofilms/drug effects , Ciprofloxacin/administration & dosage , Cystic Fibrosis/drug therapy , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Microbial Viability/drug effects , Phenotype , Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Sputum/drug effects , Time Factors
6.
Cien Saude Colet ; 23(9): 2951-2962, 2018 Sep.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30281733

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Health education with adolescents is a challenge. Serious games are considered strategic tools, and their effectiveness is related to the pedagogical model adopted. Health education can promote leadership and autonomy, especially since is based on Paulo Freire's Pedagogy as the theoretical foundation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the contributions of the DECIDIX serious game for educational purposes, supported by Paulo Freire's foundations, applied to health education with adolescents in the sexual and reproductive field. METHODS: Data were acquired through the validation of DECIDIX, which was carried out in two stages: i) with adolescents, and, ii) with health and education professionals. Data were registered through an audio recording of interventions; focus group; interviews and (participant and non-participant) observation. Also, data were qualitatively coded and categorized. Theoretical approach: Paulo Freire's theoretical foundations supported both, DECIDIX development and the analysis of its effectiveness. RESULTS: DECIDIX is a tool that assists the educator in educational activities using Freire's constructs, aiming the establishment of horizontal and dialogical relationships between educators and adolescents, and also, promoting experiences to develop critical reflection and autonomy.


OBJETIVO: A educação em saúde com adolescentes caracteriza-se como desafio cotidiano. Os "serious games" são ferramentas estratégicas e sua efetividade se relaciona à perspectiva pedagógica adotada. Considerando a educação em saúde como promotora de protagonismo e autonomia, a Pedagogia Paulo Freire constitui referencial teórico e metodológico relevante. analisar as contribuições do "serious game" DECIDIX para ações educativas subsidiadas pelo referencial de Paulo Freire no campo da educação em saúde sexual e reprodutiva com adolescentes. MÉTODO: Dados provenientes de pesquisa de validação do DECIDIX, realizada em duas etapas com adolescentes e profissionais de saúde e educação. Os dados foram coletados através de gravação das intervenções; grupo focal; entrevista e observação (participante e não participante), codificados e categorizados qualitativamente. Abordagem teórica: O DECIDIX e a análise da sua efetividade foi subsidiada pelo referencial de Paulo Freire. RESULTADOS: O DECIDIX é uma ferramenta que auxilia o(a) educador(a) no desenvolvimento de ações educativas baseadas no referencial freireano, intencionadas para a construção de relações horizontalizadas e dialógicas entre educadores e adolescentes, que promovam a reflexão crítica e contribuíam para experiências promotoras de autonomia.


Subject(s)
Health Education/methods , Reproductive Health/education , Sexual Health/education , Video Games , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Focus Groups , Health Personnel/organization & administration , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Middle Aged , Personal Autonomy , Young Adult
7.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(9): 2951-2962, set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952768

ABSTRACT

Resumo A educação em saúde com adolescentes caracteriza-se como desafio cotidiano. Os "serious games" são ferramentas estratégicas e sua efetividade se relaciona à perspectiva pedagógica adotada. Considerando a educação em saúde como promotora de protagonismo e autonomia, a Pedagogia Paulo Freire constitui referencial teórico e metodológico relevante. Objetivo analisar as contribuições do "serious game" DECIDIX para ações educativas subsidiadas pelo referencial de Paulo Freire no campo da educação em saúde sexual e reprodutiva com adolescentes. Método Dados provenientes de pesquisa de validação do DECIDIX, realizada em duas etapas com adolescentes e profissionais de saúde e educação. Os dados foram coletados através de gravação das intervenções; grupo focal; entrevista e observação (participante e não participante), codificados e categorizados qualitativamente. Abordagem teórica: O DECIDIX e a análise da sua efetividade foi subsidiada pelo referencial de Paulo Freire. Resultados O DECIDIX é uma ferramenta que auxilia o(a) educador(a) no desenvolvimento de ações educativas baseadas no referencial freireano, intencionadas para a construção de relações horizontalizadas e dialógicas entre educadores e adolescentes, que promovam a reflexão crítica e contribuíam para experiências promotoras de autonomia.


Abstract Introduction Health education with adolescents is a challenge. Serious games are considered strategic tools, and their effectiveness is related to the pedagogical model adopted. Health education can promote leadership and autonomy, especially since is based on Paulo Freire's Pedagogy as the theoretical foundation. Objective To analyze the contributions of the DECIDIX serious game for educational purposes, supported by Paulo Freire's foundations, applied to health education with adolescents in the sexual and reproductive field. Methods Data were acquired through the validation of DECIDIX, which was carried out in two stages: i) with adolescents, and, ii) with health and education professionals. Data were registered through an audio recording of interventions; focus group; interviews and (participant and non-participant) observation. Also, data were qualitatively coded and categorized. Theoretical approach: Paulo Freire's theoretical foundations supported both, DECIDIX development and the analysis of its effectiveness. Results DECIDIX is a tool that assists the educator in educational activities using Freire's constructs, aiming the establishment of horizontal and dialogical relationships between educators and adolescents, and also, promoting experiences to develop critical reflection and autonomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Health Education/methods , Video Games , Reproductive Health/education , Sexual Health/education , Interviews as Topic , Health Personnel/organization & administration , Focus Groups , Personal Autonomy , Middle Aged
8.
Saúde Soc ; 25(3): 524-534, jul.-set. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, RHS Repository | ID: biblio-830852

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este texto é um ensaio sobre algumas contribuições que o curso de especialização em Saúde da Mulher Negra pode ter produzido para a abordagem dos conteúdos relacionados nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-raciais e para o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-brasileira e Africana, bem como em atenção à Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra, com destaque para a educação permanente. A partir de breve contextualização sobre o debate no campo das relações raciais e ações afirmativas no Brasil passamos a apresentar a organização e funcionamento do curso, destacando seus objetivos, conteúdos, estratégias. Com foco nos profissionais da saúde, o curso contou com significativa presença de profissionais da educação básica pública, municipal e estadual, das cidades de São Luís e Pinheiro, no Maranhão, implicando a discussão do tema saúde da população negra (especialmente da mulher negra) no âmbito da escola. O curso propiciou a elaboração de projetos de pesquisa relacionados diretamente com o atendimento à saúde de mulheres negras e sua relação com processos formativos de profissionais da área da saúde, bem como educação escolar e saúde de mulheres negras. Pode-se concluir, ainda que provisoriamente, que o curso, na perspectiva da educação permanente, resultou em estratégia eficaz para o desenvolvimento de conteúdos relacionados às DCNERER e, especialmente, de viabilização de implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra, realizadas ou desencadeadas nos serviços de saúde pelos cursistas.


Abstract This text is an essay about the contributions that the Black Woman's Health specialization course as a strategy of Permanent Education can have produced to the approach of the contents related in the National Curriculum Guidelines to the Education of ethnic-racial relations and teaching of Afro-Brazilian and African History and Culture as also attending to the National Policy for Integrated Health of the Black Population. From a brief background on the field of racial relations and affirmative actions in Brazil, we present the course organization and functioning, highlighting its objectives, contents, strategies. Focusing on health professionals, the course was attended by professionals from basic education, from the cities São Luis and Pinheiro, in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, implying the discussion of the theme black population (especially black women) health, in the context of health and school services. Although few participants have completed their papers, we observed that the course led to the development of research projects directly related to the black women health care and to health professionals' education and formative processes. It can be concluded, even temporarily, that the papers reveal that the course, from the perspective of lifelong learning, resulted in an effective strategy for studying the content related to DCNERER and the conditions of the attendance offered to black women in health services, and also the propositions of strategies and actions involved in the implementing process of National Policy for Integrated Health of the Black Population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Ethnicity , Health Education , Women's Health , Black People , Education, Continuing , Health Policy , Health Services , Race Relations , Unified Health System , Health Strategies , Health Personnel , Health Promotion , Anthropology, Cultural
9.
Saúde Soc ; 25(3): 652-663, jul.-set. 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-830869

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo resulta de pesquisa realizada em uma escola pública em São Luís, Maranhão, sobre a vulnerabilidade em saúde de jovens negras estudantes do ensino médio. Buscou-se identificar a importância da presença de uma equipe que trabalhe em instituições, escolas e unidades de saúde básica públicas, além de organizações não governamentais preocupadas com a realidade escolar de jovens negras que frequentam esse locais. O trabalho se apoiou em estudos sobre a formação étnico-racial da população brasileira; nas condições de saúde da mulher negra, seus agravos e suas especificidades diante da prestação de serviços em saúde pública; e na importância da escola no ensino de conhecimentos relacionados à saúde das jovens negras. A metodologia da pesquisa envolveu aplicação e análise de questionários respondidos por jovens negras estudantes sobre saúde sexual, doenças prevalentes na população negra e locais em que as informações sobre estas são obtidas. A escola aparece como espaço de obtenção de informações sobre saúde sexual.


Abstract This article results from a research conducted in a public school in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, about aspects that highlight the health vulnerability of young black female high school students. We sought to identify furthermore the importance of the presence of a staff working in public institutions, schools, and basic health units, and non-governmental organizations focused on the school reality of black youth who attend these places. The work was based on researches related to the aspects of ethnic-racial formation of the Brazilian population; the health conditions of the black woman, its grievances and specifics in front of the services provided in public health; and the importance of the role the of school in teaching knowledge related to the health of black female youth. By means of application and analysis of questionnaires, the collected data revealed that the educational activity in school does not sufficiently reach black female youth in terms of sexual health and other health susceptibilities of this population. The school appears as a space for obtaining information related to sexual health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Students , Health Education , Women's Health , Black People , Disease Prevention , Health Vulnerability , Health Policy , Quality of Life , Education, Primary and Secondary , Sexual Health , Human Rights
10.
Saúde Soc ; 25(1): 186-197, jan.-mar. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-776576

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve por objetivo discutir a construção sobre as masculinidades no discurso de adolescentes participantes de um projeto de promoção de saúde sexual e reprodutiva, realizado em uma escola pública em Recife (PE) com 24 adolescentes homens matriculados no 8° e 9° ano do ensino fundamental. Em uma abordagem qualitativa, os dados coletados por meio da gravação de áudio em equipamento digital e pela técnica da observação participante, com a utilização de registro em diário de campo, foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. A análise dos dados resultou em três categorias temáticas. Na categoria "Percepções sobre o corpo masculino", observou-se que os adolescentes necessitavam de aspectos concretos e visíveis para assimilar a transformação do corpo, havendo dificuldade e resistência inicial para discutir sobre o próprio corpo. Na categoria "Gênero e masculinidades", observou-se a limitação dos adolescentes na compreensão das relações de gênero e na concepção sobre a sexualidade, fundamentando-se nas experiências divergentes para homens e mulheres, permeadas pelas construções culturais. Na categoria "Paternidade e masculinidades", os adolescentes apontaram que as concepções de paternidade têm se transformado, envolvendo diferentes modelos de paternidade. A partir do exposto, infere-se que as diferentes construções acerca das masculinidades estão relacionadas às experiência de vida dos adolescentes e que podem ter implicações significativas no modo de vivenciar a saúde sexual e reprodutiva, tornando relevante a desmistificação dessas construções, bem como a participação dos profissionais de saúde para contextualizar ações de promoção e educação em saúde.


This study aimed to discuss the construction of “masculinities” in the discourse of adolescents participating in a sexual and reproductive health promotion project, carried out in a public school in Recife (PE) with 24 male adolescents enrolled in the 8th and 9th years of the Middle School. Through a qualitative approach, data collected through audio recording on digital equipment and with the participant observation technique, with the use of a field journal, underwent thematic content analysis. Data analysis resulted in three thematic categories. In the category “Perceptions of the male body”, we observed that adolescents needed concrete and visible aspects to assimilate the transformation of the body, with difficulty and initial resistance to discuss their own body. In the category “Gender and masculinities”, the adolescents had a limitation in the understanding of gender relations and the conception of sexuality, basing themselves in different experiences for men and women, permeated by cultural constructions. In the category “Parenthood and masculinities”, adolescents indicated that paternity conceptions have been transformed and involve different models of fatherhood. From this, it is inferred that the different constructions concerning masculinities are related to the life experiences of adolescents and can have significant implications in the way of experiencing sexual and reproductive health. It has become relevant the demystification of these constructions, as well as the participation of health professionals to contextualize the actions of health promotion and education.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Life Change Events , Adolescent , Gender Identity , Body Image , Perception , Public Health , Reproductive Health , Sexuality , Health Education , Cultural Factors , Qualitative Research , Health Personnel , Health Promotion
11.
Occup Ther Int ; 23(1): 19-28, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26174484

ABSTRACT

Occupational therapy can contribute to sexual and reproductive health through health education. The purpose of this study was to describe an occupational therapy intervention aimed at sexual and reproductive health promotion in adolescents. Fifty-eight adolescents were involved in the study, before, during and after the interventions. Educative activities such as puzzles, storytelling, mime and board games were used, which occupational therapy faculty and students had constructed. The games were employed as mediators for gaining knowledge in sexual and reproductive health. Outcome was measured using a questionnaire, audio recordings and field diaries. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. The results showed the adolescents' increased knowledge of sexual and reproductive health information immediately after the intervention. The thematic analysis was grouped into three categories: the adolescents' initial expectations regarding the project, reflections on the process experienced during the interventions and use of educational games by occupational therapists. The importance of rapport and dialogue was highlighted in the construction of interventions based on participatory methods. The absence of a longitudinal follow-up is a limitation in this study. Further research is important to systematically assess sexual health promotion strategies in adolescence.


Subject(s)
Health Promotion/methods , Occupational Therapy/methods , Reproductive Health , Sex Education/methods , Adolescent , Female , Games, Recreational , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Male , Professional-Patient Relations , Program Evaluation , Qualitative Research , Sexual Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires
12.
Rev. APS ; 18(2)jun. 15.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-784451

ABSTRACT

A pesquisa caracterizou-se por estudar o uso da fitoterapiapelos comunitários atendidos na Unidade de Saúdeda Família Engenho do Meio, Recife, PE, e traçar o perfilsocioeconômico. Foi realizado um estudo observacional,transversal e descritivo de natureza quanti-qualitativa, noqual os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas com369 usuários, conduzidas por estudantes do Programa deEducação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) pormeio de questionário semiestruturado. Foram abordadosdados socioeconômicos e etnofarmacológicos, os quaisforam analisados por distribuição de frequência simples.Dos usuários entrevistados, 85% foram mulheres, 36%possuíam ensino médio completo e 83% tinham renda familiarde até dois salários mínimos. Verificou-se que 77%utilizam alguma planta medicinal, sendo os distúrbios gastrintestinaisa principal indicação clínica. Vizinhos e familiaresforam responsáveis por 93% das indicações. Ochá foi a forma de preparo predominante (94%) e a folha,a parte da planta mais usada (83%). Quando abordadossobre as contraindicações das plantas, 99% dos usuáriosinformaram desconhecê-las. Pode-se perceber com os resultadosa valorização da cultura popular, em função daelevada taxa de uso das plantas medicinais. No entanto,é preciso investir na perspectiva do uso racional e segurodas plantas medicinais pelo elevado índice de desconhecimentoacerca das contraindicações.


The research was characterized by studying the useof phytotherapy in the community served by theEngenho do Meio Family Health Care Unit, Recife,PE, as well as determining the socioeconomic profile.An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study,qualitative and quantitative in nature, in which the datawere obtained through interviews with 369 users, wascarried out by students of the Education Programfor Work in Health Care (EPW-Health) through asemi-structured questionnaire. Socioeconomic andethnopharmacological data, which were analyzed bysimple frequency distribution, were discussed. Among thesurveyed users, 85% were women, 36% had completedhigh school, and 83% had a family income of up to twominimum wages. It was found that 77% use a medicinalplant, with gastrointestinal disorders being the mainclinical indication. Neighbors and family members wereresponsible for 93% of the recommendations. Tea wasthe predominant form of preparation (94%) and the leafwas the most commonly used part of the plant (83%).When asked about the contraindications of plants, 99%of the users reported being unaware of them. The resultsshow the importance of popular culture, given the highrate of use of medicinal plants. However, investment inthe perspective of the rational and safe use of medicinalplants is needed due to the high rate of ignorance aboutthe contraindications.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Medicine, Traditional , Primary Health Care , Ethnopharmacology , National Health Strategies , Phytotherapy
13.
Saúde debate ; 37(99): 681-690, out.-dez. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-702085

ABSTRACT

Este artigo descreve o ciclo da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde da População Negra na Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de São Paulo nos anos de 2003 a 2010. Os estudos epidemiológicos evidenciaram as desigualdades raciais e seu impacto na saúde. A solução encontrada pela SES-SP foi formular e implementar uma política para garantir a atenção à saúde da população negra, inserindo-a no Plano Estadual de Saúde, Planos Operativos Anuais, Termos de Compromisso e Relatório de Gestão. O artigo relata as estratégias, desafios e erros cometidos e sugere caminhos para os gestores que têm interesse em propor ações para redução das iniquidades raciais em saúde.


This paper describes the cycle describe by the National Policy of Integral Healthcare of the Black Population (Política Nacional de Atenção Integral a Saúde da População Negra) - PNSIPN in the State of São Paulo' Health Secretariat within the years 2003 to 2010. Epidemiological studies showed racial inequalities and their impact on health. The remedy found by SES-SP was to formulate and implement a policy to ensure attention to the black population health, being the policy inserted into the State Health Plan, Annual Operating Plans, Terms of Commitment and Management Report. The paper reports the strategies, challenges and mistakes and suggests alternatives for those managers concerned about proposing actions for reduction of racial inequities in health.

14.
BIS, Bol. Inst. Saúde (Impr.) ; 12(2): 172-178, ago. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ISPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ISACERVO | ID: biblio-1048339

ABSTRACT

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as políticas, programas e ações desenvolvidas pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo para garantir a atenção integral à saúde da população negra no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em São Paulo. Procuramos mostrar como a política de saúde integral da população negra (PNSIPN), busca complementar, aperfeiçoar e viabilizar a política universal no âmbito da saúde pública observando as características do processo saúdedoença da população negra.


Subject(s)
Humans , Public Policy , Unified Health System , Health of Ethnic Minorities
15.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 59(5): 570-576, set.-out. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-526398

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As intervenções cirúrgicas bariátricas videolaparoscópicas são associadas à alta incidência de náuseas e vômitos pós-operatórios. Estes eventos podem levar a significativa morbidade, aumentam o custo da internação e levam à insatisfação dos pacientes. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar diferentes esquemas para a prevenção de náuseas e vômitos no pós-operatório de gastroplastias videolaparoscópicas. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo ao acaso com 77 pacientes submetidos à gastroplastia videolaparoscópica. Foram divididos em: grupo Cont, controle (n = 19) sem administração de qualquer antiemético; grupo Dexa (n = 16) administrado dexametasona; grupo Onda (n = 20), ondansetrona; grupo Dexa + Onda (n = 22), associação das duas últimas medicações. Para todos os pacientes foi feita anestesia padronizada e analgesia pós-operatória com morfina por via venosa. Foram excluídos do estudo aqueles que faziam uso prévio de protetores gástricos ou antieméticos, bem como portadores de hérnia hiatal. Foram registrados os dados demográficos, duração da operação, dose de morfina usada e ocorrência de náuseas e vômitos no pós-operatório imediato (até seis horas). RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos com relação aos dados demográficos e doses de morfina usadas (One-way ANOVA). A incidência de náusea e/ou vômito em cada grupo foi: grupo Cont - 78,94 por cento; grupo Dexa - 62,5 por cento; grupo Onda 50 por cento e grupo Dexa + Onda - 18,8 por cento (p = 0,0002). CONCLUSÕES: A incidência de náusea e/ou vômito pós-operatórios em gastroplastia videolaparoscópica é reduzida com a associação ondansetrona e dexametasona de forma mais eficaz do que o uso isolado dessas medicações.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Videolaparoscopic bariatric surgeries are associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Those events can lead to significant morbidity, increase hospitalization costs, as well as patient dissatisfaction. The objective of this study was to compare different prophylaxis protocols of postoperative nausea and vomiting in videolaparoscopic gastroplasties. METHODS: This is a randomized prospective study with 77 patients undergoing videolaparoscopic gastroplasty. Patients were divided into four groups as follows: Cont group, control (n = 19) where antiemetics were not administered; Dexa group (n = 16), patients received dexamethasone; Onda group (n = 20), patients received ondansetron; and Dexa+Onda group (n = 22), patients received dexamethasone and ondansetron. All patients underwent standardized anesthesia and postoperative analgesia with intravenous morphine. Patients who were taking gastric protectors or antiemetics and those with hiatal hernia were excluded. Demographic data, duration of the surgery, doses of morphine, and development of nausea and vomiting in the immediate postoperative period (up to six hours) were recorded. RESULTS: Demographic data and doses of morphine administered did not differ among the groups (One-way ANOVA). The incidence of nausea and/or vomiting in the different groups was: Cont group - 78.94 percent; Dexa group - 62.25 percent; Onda group - 50 percent; and Dexa+Onda group - 18.8 percent (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in videolaparoscopic gastroplasties was more effectively reduced with the association of ondansetron and dexamethasone than with each drug separately.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Las intervenciones quirúrgicas bariátricas videolaparoscópicas están asociadas a la alta incidencia de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios. Esos eventos pueden conllevar a una significativa morbidez, aumentan el coste del ingreso y conllevan a la insatisfacción de los pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio, fue comparar diferentes esquemas para la prevención de náuseas y vómitos en el postoperatorio de gastroplastias videolaparoscópicas. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo hecho al azar con 77 pacientes sometidos a la gastroplastia videolaparoscópica. Fueron divididos en: grupo Cont, control (n = 19) sin administración de cualquier antiemético; grupo Dexa (n = 16) administrado dexametasona; grupo Onda (n = 20), ondansetrona; grupo Dexa + Onda (n = 22), asociación de las dos últimas medicaciones. Para todos los pacientes se aplicó una anestesia estandarizada y una analgesia postoperatoria con morfina por vía venosa. Se excluyeron del estudio aquellos que usaban protectores gástricos o antieméticos, como también portadores de hernia de hiato. Se registraron los datos demográficos, duración de la operación, dosis de morfina usada y el aparecimiento de náuseas y vómitos en el postoperatorio inmediato (hasta seis horas). RESULTADOS: No hubo diferencia estadística entre los grupos con relación a los datos demográficos y a las dosis de morfina usadas (One-way ANOVA). La incidencia de náusea y/o vómito en cada grupo fue: grupo Cont - 78,94 por ciento; grupo Dexa - 62,5 por ciento; grupo Onda -50 por ciento y grupo Dexa + Onda - 18,8 por ciento (p = 0,0002). CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia de náusea y/o vómito postoperatorios en gastroplastia videolaparoscópica queda reducida con la combinación de la ondansetrona y la dexametasona de forma más eficaz que con el uso aislado de esas mismas medicaciones.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antiemetics/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Gastroplasty/methods , Laparoscopy , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Ondansetron/therapeutic use , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/prevention & control , Drug Therapy, Combination , Prospective Studies , Young Adult
16.
Rev Bras Anestesiol ; 59(5): 570-6, 2009.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19784512

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Videolaparoscopic bariatric surgeries are associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Those events can lead to significant morbidity, increase hospitalization costs, as well as patient dissatisfaction. The objective of this study was to compare different prophylaxis protocols of postoperative nausea and vomiting in videolaparoscopic gastroplasties. METHODS: This is a randomized prospective study with 77 patients undergoing videolaparoscopic gastroplasty. Patients were divided into four groups as follows: Cont group, control (n = 19) where antiemetics were not administered; Dexa group (n = 16), patients received dexamethasone; Onda group (n = 20), patients received ondansetron; and Dexa+Onda group (n = 22), patients received dexamethasone and ondansetron. All patients underwent standardized anesthesia and postoperative analgesia with intravenous morphine. Patients who were taking gastric protectors or antiemetics and those with hiatal hernia were excluded. Demographic data, duration of the surgery, doses of morphine, and development of nausea and vomiting in the immediate postoperative period (up to six hours) were recorded. RESULTS: Demographic data and doses of morphine administered did not differ among the groups (One-way ANOVA). The incidence of nausea and/or vomiting in the different groups was: Cont group - 78.94%; Dexa group - 62.25%; Onda group - 50%; and Dexa+Onda group - 18.8% (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in videolaparoscopic gastroplasties was more effectively reduced with the association of ondansetron and dexamethasone than with each drug separately.


Subject(s)
Antiemetics/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Gastroplasty/methods , Laparoscopy , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Ondansetron/therapeutic use , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/prevention & control , Adult , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Young Adult
17.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 39(2): 115-118, abr.-jun. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-477004

ABSTRACT

A presença do cateter venoso central (CVC) no organismo aumenta o risco de colonização de microrganismos podendolevar a disseminação microbiana principalmente em internados de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar os microrganismos mais freqüentes e o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos em ponta de CVC provenientes de pacientesdo Hospital Pronto Socorro Municipal Dr. Humberto Maradei Pereira, Belém-PA, entre janeiro-2003 a dezembro-2004. Foram executadas 61 culturas e antibiogramas de pontas de CVC pelo método semiquantitativo de Maki. A identificação dos agentes e os testes de suscetibilidade seguiram metodologias convencionais e sistema automatizado ATB-Expression. Foram positivas 56(91,8%) culturas com prevalência de Pseudomonas aeruginosa 26,8%, Staphylococcus aureus 21,4% e Staphylococcus coagulase negativa-SCN 16,1%. Os isolados de P. aeruginosa demonstraram maior sensibilidade para Colistina (100%), Fosfomicina (93,3%), Imipinem e Meropenem (80%) tendo resistência acima de 40% aos demais antimicrobianos testados. Foram encontradas cepas oxacilina-resistentes de 41,7% para S. aureus e 11,1% para S. coagulase negativa sendo todas sensíveis à Vancomicina. Isolados de S. aureus e SCN apresentaramsensibilidade acima de 70% à Nitrofurantoína, Vancomicina, Teicoplanina, Minociclina, Quinopristina-Dalfopristina e Ácido Fusídico tendo revelado elevada resistência para Clindamicina, Cotrimoxazol, Penicilina G, Eritromicina, Rifampicina, Norfloxacina e tetraciclina.


The presence of the central veined catheter in human organism increases the risk of colonization of microrganisms mainly in admitted patients the Intensive Care Unit. The objective of this assignment was to determine the most frequent microrganisms and the susceptibility profile to the antimicrobial in tip of veined catheter originating from patients who were admitted in “Hospital Pronto Socorro Municipal Dr. Humberto Maradei Pereira”, Belém – PA, from January 2003 to December 2004. Sixty-one culture and antibiograms of catheter were analyzed to the semi quantitative method of Maki. The agent’s identification and the susceptibility tests followed conventional methodologies and ATB – Expression authorized system. They were positive 56(91.8%) cultures with prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 26.8%, Staphylococcus aureus 21.4% and Staphylococcus coagulase negative-SCN 16.1% The stumps of P. aeruginosa demonstrated a larger sensibility for Colistin (100%), Fosfomicin (93.3%), Imipenem (80%) and Meropenem (80%), there was a resistance of more than 40% in the other tested antimicrobial. Among the Staphylococcus, there were oxacilin-resistant stumps of 41.7% for S. aureus and 11.1% for Staphylococcus negative coagulase, but all of them were sensitive to vancomicin. The stumps of S. aureus and Staphylococcus negative coagulase presented sensibility above 70% to nitrofurantoin, vancomicin teicoplanin, minociclin, quinopristin-dalfopristin and fusidic acid, which revealed high resistance (above 50%) to clindamicin, cotrimoxazol, penicillin G, eritromicin, rifampicin, norfloxacin and tetraciclin.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Infections , Catheterization, Central Venous , Catheters, Indwelling , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Drug Resistance, Multiple
18.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 7(2): 425-34, jul.-out. 2000. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-279349

ABSTRACT

Considera que o processo de leitura e interpretaçäo de imagens médicas é socialmente construído, assumindo-se, com isso, que os padröes de normalidade e anormalidade, apesar de legitimados ao serem incorporados àliteratura e aceitos como padräo dentro do exercício da prática médica, säo convençöes estabelecidas a partir de processos de negociaçäo entre diferentes atores sociais. Assim sendo, a interpretaçäo dominante de uma imagem näo é a única possível e a decisäo médica que se orienta a partir dela reflete, tanto do ponto de vista do diagnóstico como do prognóstico, preferências relativas à prática médica


Subject(s)
Anthropology, Cultural , Cardiac Catheterization , Heart , Radiography
19.
Pediatr. mod ; 27(7): 505, 508, 511, passim, dez. 1991. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-102869

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam um caso de pseudo-hermafroditismo feminino, com hiperplasia congênita de adrenal, causada por deficiência da 21-hidroxilase. A paciente foi criada e reconhecida como um menino até os 14 anos de idade, ocasiäo em que, em 1979, foi submetida a tratamento psicológico de redesignaçäo para o sexo feminino, na Unidade de Intersexo do Hospital Infantil "Darcy Vargas" (Säo Paulo). Casou-se aos 18 anos e, aos 24 anos, concebeu uma criança hígida do sexo masculino, através de parto cesariano. O trabalho analisa vários métodos de acompanhamento psicológico e de redesignaçäo sexual, principalmente com relaçäo à fertilidade, gravidez, parto e amamentaçäo, que foram publicados por diversos autores. Esta paciente foi redesignada pela metodologia comportamental "behaviorism" e teve acompanhamento psicológico até o matrimônio, sem apresentar psicopatias ou seqüelas, conduta esta contrária à teoria de Money, segundo o quel poderia apresentar seqüelas ou psicopatias irreversíveis


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Disorders of Sex Development/complications , Disorders of Sex Development/diagnosis , Disorders of Sex Development/surgery , Disorders of Sex Development/therapy , Behavior Therapy , Disorders of Sex Development/complications
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