ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the human induced impact of a channel opening in a choked lagoon and attempted to establish the cause-effect links for the observed changes. The same lagoon system was sampled before and after the channel opening event, and the differences in fish and crustacean assemblages and environmental variables between these periods analysed. The opening of the artificial channel resulted in salinity increases, leading to a shift in species composition, favouring marine species and reducing abundance and diversity of previously dominant freshwater species. Furthermore, saltwater entrance into the choked lagoon caused an unexpected decrease in species richness and biomass, plus deterioration of ecosystem processes, reducing fishing capacity. The effects of salinity on the ecosystem vary depending on the ecosystem's composition and capacity to overcome salinity changes, thus specific monitoring projects are important strategies for developing coastal lagoon conservation management.
Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Crustacea , Environmental Monitoring , Fishes , Animals , Bays , Biomass , Brazil , Ecosystem , Fresh Water , Population Density , Salinity , SeasonsABSTRACT
This study characterizes the gill net fishery at Colônia de Pescadores Z13 (CPZ13), in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, and its relationship with the marine protected area 'Monumento Natural do Arquipélago das Ilhas Cagarras - MoNa Cagarras', describing the fleet and fishing gears, identifying fishing spots, species and their associations by gillnet type. From June 2012 to May 2013, every Tuesday to Sunday, gill net landings were monitored and fishers interviewed regarding their catch. Small boats (dory whaleboats) are used to set three types of gillnets: "Corvineira" (target species - whitemouth croaker), "linguadeira" (target species - flounders) and "rede-alta" (target species - bluefish). Fifty-nine species within 37 families were captured at 14 fishing spots, showing association with bottom type and distance from shore. The use of fisher's local ecological knowledge defines gear placement at specific sites targeting fisheries resources. All fishing sites are not within the limits of MoNa Cagarras but would benefit from management plans including an MPA buffering zone.
Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources , Fisheries , Brazil , Spatial AnalysisABSTRACT
Abstract This study characterizes the gill net fishery at Colônia de Pescadores Z13 (CPZ13), in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, and its relationship with the marine protected area ‘Monumento Natural do Arquipélago das Ilhas Cagarras – MoNa Cagarras’, describing the fleet and fishing gears, identifying fishing spots, species and their associations by gillnet type. From June 2012 to May 2013, every Tuesday to Sunday, gill net landings were monitored and fishers interviewed regarding their catch. Small boats (dory whaleboats) are used to set three types of gillnets: “Corvineira” (target species – whitemouth croaker), “linguadeira” (target species – flounders) and “rede-alta” (target species – bluefish). Fifty-nine species within 37 families were captured at 14 fishing spots, showing association with bottom type and distance from shore. The use of fisher’s local ecological knowledge defines gear placement at specific sites targeting fisheries resources. All fishing sites are not within the limits of MoNa Cagarras but would benefit from management plans including an MPA buffering zone.
Resumo Este estudo caracteriza a pesca com rede de emalhe na Colônia de Pescadores Z13 (CPZ13), em Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, e sua relação com a área marinha protegida “Monumento Natural do Arquipélago das Ilhas Cagarras - MoNa Cagarras”, descrevendo a frota e artes de pesca, identificando locais de pesca, as espécies e as suas associações por tipo de rede de emalhe. De junho de 2012 a maio de 2013, de terça a domingo, os desembarques foram monitorados e os pescadores entrevistados em relação à sua captura. As pequenas embarcações são usadas para três tipos de redes de emalhe: “corvineira” (espécie-alvo - corvina), “linguadeira” (espécie-alvo - linguados) e “Rede-Alta” (espécies alvo - anchova). Cinquenta e nove espécies dentro 37 famílias foram capturados em 14 locais de pesca, mostrando associação com o tipo de fundo e distância da costa. O uso do conhecimento ecológico local de pescadores define a colocação dos petrechos em locais específicos destinados ao recursos pesqueiros alvo. Nem todos os locais de pesca estão dentro dos limites da MoNa Cagarras, mas se beneficiariam de planos de gestão, incluindo uma zona de amortecimento para a MPA.
Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources , Fisheries , Brazil , Spatial AnalysisABSTRACT
Abstract This study characterizes the gill net fishery at Colônia de Pescadores Z13 (CPZ13), in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, and its relationship with the marine protected area Monumento Natural do Arquipélago das Ilhas Cagarras MoNa Cagarras, describing the fleet and fishing gears, identifying fishing spots, species and their associations by gillnet type. From June 2012 to May 2013, every Tuesday to Sunday, gill net landings were monitored and fishers interviewed regarding their catch. Small boats (dory whaleboats) are used to set three types of gillnets: Corvineira (target species whitemouth croaker), linguadeira (target species flounders) and rede-alta (target species bluefish). Fifty-nine species within 37 families were captured at 14 fishing spots, showing association with bottom type and distance from shore. The use of fishers local ecological knowledge defines gear placement at specific sites targeting fisheries resources. All fishing sites are not within the limits of MoNa Cagarras but would benefit from management plans including an MPA buffering zone.
Resumo Este estudo caracteriza a pesca com rede de emalhe na Colônia de Pescadores Z13 (CPZ13), em Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, e sua relação com a área marinha protegida Monumento Natural do Arquipélago das Ilhas Cagarras - MoNa Cagarras, descrevendo a frota e artes de pesca, identificando locais de pesca, as espécies e as suas associações por tipo de rede de emalhe. De junho de 2012 a maio de 2013, de terça a domingo, os desembarques foram monitorados e os pescadores entrevistados em relação à sua captura. As pequenas embarcações são usadas para três tipos de redes de emalhe: corvineira (espécie-alvo - corvina), linguadeira (espécie-alvo - linguados) e Rede-Alta (espécies alvo - anchova). Cinquenta e nove espécies dentro 37 famílias foram capturados em 14 locais de pesca, mostrando associação com o tipo de fundo e distância da costa. O uso do conhecimento ecológico local de pescadores define a colocação dos petrechos em locais específicos destinados ao recursos pesqueiros alvo. Nem todos os locais de pesca estão dentro dos limites da MoNa Cagarras, mas se beneficiariam de planos de gestão, incluindo uma zona de amortecimento para a MPA.
Subject(s)
Animals , Spatial Analysis , Fish Products/analysis , Marine Conservation AreaABSTRACT
This study evaluated the trophic ecology (diet composition, trophic strategy, similarities and overlap between species, feeding period and food consumption) of six benthivorous fish species in Araruama Lagoon, the largest hypersaline tropical lagoon on the east coast of South America, with an area of 210 km(2) and an average salinity of 52. The burrfish Chilomycterus spinosus fed on Anomalocardia flexuosa shell deposits, ingesting associated fauna. The caitipa mojarra Diapterus rhombeus differed from all other species, having not only the highest proportions of algae and Nematoda, but also feeding on polychaete tentacles. The two mojarras Eucinostomus spp. showed similar trophic strategies, feeding mostly on Polychaeta. The corocoro grunt Orthopristis ruber also fed mainly on Polychaeta, but differed from Eucinostomus spp. in secondary items. The whitemouth croacker Micropogonias furnieri fed mainly on small Crustacea at night, showing a high number of secondary prey items with low frequencies and high prey-specific abundance. The daily food consumption (g food g(-1) fish mass) for Eucinostomus argenteus was 0·012 and was 0·031 and 0·027 for M. furnieri in two different sampling events. The diet similarities between Araruama Lagoon and other brackish and marine environments indicate that hypersalinity is not a predominant factor shaping the trophic ecology of fishes in this lagoon. The stability of hypersaline conditions, without a pronounced gradient, may explain the presence of several euryhaline fishes and invertebrates well adapted to this condition, resulting in a complex food web.
