The experiences of older individuals providing care to older dependents: A phenomenological study in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: Non-professional care provided in domestic settings by a family member or someone from the close environment and without a connection to a professional care service, is increasingly assumed by older people, mainly the spouses of those requiring care. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of older people providing care at home to older dependents. METHODS: A qualitative study was carried out to describe and explore the experience of older people, caregivers of dependent older people in the home. RESULTS: Four themes emerged as a result of the analysis: interpersonal relationships established in the caregivers' immediate environment; the need and request for public and private resources; consequences of providing care during old age; and adaptation to the circumstance of being a caregiver during old age. Older people who provide home-based care, experience their situation as stressful, feel that it limits their daily life, deprives them of their freedom, and affects their interpersonal relationships and social activities. DISCUSSION: Older caregivers learn quickly and can manage the skills issues. The volume of work is their challenge. Interpersonal relationships are altered depending on the length of time spent together and the demand for care. Public services and benefits are not adapted to the demands of caregivers or dependent persons.

Nursing care in therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is one of the main causes of neurological damage in the new-born. Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment to reduce mortality and disability in new-borns with this condition. OBJECTIVE: To identify nursing care in new-borns with severe to moderate EHI, treated with active therapeutic hypothermia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the scientific literature was carried out in different databases (PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, Cinhal, OvidSP, Cuiden, Embase and Cochrane Plus) over the last five years. The documentary assessment was carried out by peers and the quality was evaluated using the CEBM and GRADE scales. RESULTS: Of the 22 articles selected and reviewed, it is evident that therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the mobility and mortality of neo-nates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care during hypothermia treatment focuses on four basic pillars: general care for stabilisation of the new-born, preparation of the material, administration of medical treatment in all its phases and emotional support of the family. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the sequelae and mortality of neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care is essential throughout the treatment, in the early detection of complications in the infant and psychological support for parents. It is essential for nurses to receive training in this care.

Cuidados enfermeros a neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica en hipotermia terapéutica. Revisión bibliográfica / Nursing care in therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Review of the literature

Introducción La encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica es una de las principales causas de daño neurológico en el neonato. Actualmente, la hipotermia terapéutica es el tratamiento de elección para reducir la mortalidad y la discapacidad en los niños que presentan esta patología. Objetivo Identificar los cuidados enfermeros en recién nacidos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica moderada a severa tratados con hipotermia terapéutica activa. Materiales y métodos Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica en diferentes bases de datos (PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, Cinhal, OvidSP, Cuiden, Embase y Cochrane Plus) durante los últimos 5 años. La valoración documental se realizó por pares y la calidad se evaluó mediante las escalas CEBM y GRADE. Resultados De los 22 artículos seleccionados y revisados se evidencia que la hipotermia terapéutica es efectiva al reducir la morbimortalidad de los neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica. Los cuidados enfermeros durante el tratamiento de hipotermia se centran en 4 pilares básicos: los cuidados generales para la estabilización del recién nacido, la preparación del material, la administración del tratamiento médico en todas sus fases y el soporte emocional de la familia. Conclusiones La hipotermia terapéutica es efectiva al reducir las secuelas y la mortalidad de los neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica. Los cuidados enfermeros son esenciales y están presentes durante todo el tratamiento, detectan precozmente complicaciones en los niños y ofrecen apoyo psicológico a los padres. La formación del personal de enfermería en estos cuidados es fundamental. (AU)

Introduction Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is one of the main causes of neurological damage in the new-born. Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment to reduce mortality and disability in new-borns with this condition. ObjectiveTo identify nursing care in new-borns with severe to moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, treated with active therapeutic hypothermia. Materials and methods A review of the scientific literature was carried out in different databases (PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, Cinhal, OvidSP, Cuiden, Embase and Cochrane Plus) over the last five years. The documentary assessment was carried out by peers and the quality was evaluated using the CEBM and GRADE scales. Results Of the 22 articles selected and reviewed, it is evident that therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the mobility and mortality of neo-nates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care during hypothermia treatment focuses on four basic pillars: general care for stabilisation of the new-born, preparation of the material, administration of medical treatment in all its phases and emotional support of the family. Conclusions Therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the sequelae and mortality of neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care is essential throughout the treatment, in the early detection of complications in the infant and psychological support for parents. It is essential for nurses to receive training in this care. (AU)

Nursing care in therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Review of the literature. / Cuidados enfermeros a neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica en hipotermia terapéutica. Revisión bibliográfica.

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is one of the main causes of neurological damage in the new-born. Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment to reduce mortality and disability in new-borns with this condition. OBJECTIVE: To identify nursing care in new-borns with severe to moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, treated with active therapeutic hypothermia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the scientific literature was carried out in different databases (PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, Cinhal, OvidSP, Cuiden, Embase and Cochrane Plus) over the last five years. The documentary assessment was carried out by peers and the quality was evaluated using the CEBM and GRADE scales. RESULTS: Of the 22 articles selected and reviewed, it is evident that therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the mobility and mortality of neo-nates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care during hypothermia treatment focuses on four basic pillars: general care for stabilisation of the new-born, preparation of the material, administration of medical treatment in all its phases and emotional support of the family. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the sequelae and mortality of neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care is essential throughout the treatment, in the early detection of complications in the infant and psychological support for parents. It is essential for nurses to receive training in this care.

Factores de riesgo asociados a eventos adversos en recién nacidos portadores de catéteres centrales de inserción periférica / Risk factors associated with adverse events in neonates with peripherally inserted central catheter

Introducción: Los catéteres centrales de inserción periférica se han convertido en una prioridad en los neonatos que necesitan terapia intravenosa de larga duración, pero su uso no está exento de riesgos. Objetivo: Describir la aparición de eventos adversos en neonatos portadores de catéteres venosos centrales de inserción periférica y determinar factores de riesgo asociados a ellos. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal en el que se incluyeron la totalidad de neonatos portadores de catéteres venosos centrales de inserción periférica desde el 1 de octubre de 2014 hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2015. Se registraron los eventos adversos y variables sociodemográficas y clínicas relacionadas con los neonatos y los catéteres analizados. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 116 neonatos y 140 catéteres. Se registraron eventos adversos en el 16,4% de ellos: bacteriemia asociada al catéter (5,7%), obstrucción (5,7%), extravasación (2,1%) y flebitis (2,1%). Los factores asociados a bacteriemia con el odds de prevalencia corresponde a neonatos: < 27 semanas de gestación (OR = 1,2; p = 0,02), con peso < 1.000 g (OR = 6,7; p = 0,02), portadores de catéter > 1 semana (OR = 9,8; p = 0,02) y con perfusión de antibióticos por catéter (OR = 1,3; p < 0,01). La flebitis se asocia con la inserción del catéter en miembros inferiores y cabeza (OR = 1,1; p = 0,03). Los factores asociados a bacteriemia con odds de prevalencia ajustada corresponde a neonatos de peso extremo (OR = 6,38; p = 0,03) y portadores del catéter > 7 días (OR = 9,41; p = 0,04). Conclusiones: La evaluación periódica de eventos adversos relacionados con catéteres es de gran utilidad para elaborar planes de mejora. Esto permitirá extremar la seguridad en los RN más vulnerables, en especial los neonatos con extremo bajo peso que precisan tratamientos muy prolongados

Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters have become a priority in infants who require long-term intravenous therapy, but their use involves certain risks. Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the occurrence of adverse events in newborns with peripherally inserted central catheters and to determine the risk factors associated with them. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and performed. All neonates with peripherally inserted central catheters from October 1st, 2014 to September 30 th, 2015 were included. The adverse events and sociodemographic and clinical variables related to neonates and analyzed catheters were recorded. Results: A total of 140 catheters were placed in 116 infants. All of them were analyzed. Adverse events occurred in 16.4%: catheter-associated bacteraemia (5.7%), obstruction (5.7%), extravasation (2.1%) and phlebitis (2.1%), < 27 weeks of pregnancy (OR = 1.2, P = .02), birth weight < 1000 g (OR = 6.7, P = .02), with catheters in situ for longer than one week (OR = 9.8, P = .02) and with perfusion of antibiotics per catheter (OR = 1.3, P < .01). Phlebitis is associated with the insertion of the catheter in LL and head (OR = 1.1, P = .03). Factors associated with bacteraemia risk with adjusted prevalence odds ratio are extremely low birth weight neonates (OR = 6.38; P = .03) and with a catheter in situ for longer than one week (OR = 9.41; P = .04). Conclusions: The periodic evaluation of catheter-related adverse events is very useful to prepare improvement plans. This will maximize safety for the most vulnerable newborns, especially those of extremely low birth weight that require very long treatments

Risk factors associated with adverse events in neonates with peripherally inserted central catheter. / Factores de riesgo asociados a eventos adversos en recién nacidos portadores de catéteres centrales de inserción periférica.

BACKGROUND: Peripherally inserted central catheters have become a priority in infants who require long-term intravenous therapy, but their use involves certain risks. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the occurrence of adverse events in newborns with peripherally inserted central catheters and to determine the risk factors associated with them. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and performed. All neonates with peripherally inserted central catheters from October 1st, 2014 to September 30th, 2015 were included. The adverse events and sociodemographic and clinical variables related to neonates and analyzed catheters were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 140 catheters were placed in 116 infants. All of them were analyzed. Adverse events occurred in 16.4%: catheter-associated bacteraemia (5.7%), obstruction (5.7%), extravasation (2.1%) and phlebitis (2.1%), <27weeks of pregnancy (OR=1.2, P=.02), birth weight <1000g (OR=6.7, P=.02), with catheters in situ for longer than one week (OR=9.8, P=.02) and with perfusion of antibiotics per catheter (OR=1.3, P<.01). Phlebitis is associated with the insertion of the catheter in LL and head (OR=1.1, P=.03). Factors associated with bacteraemia risk with adjusted prevalence odds ratio are extremely low birth weight neonates (OR=6.38; P=.03) and with a catheter in situ for longer than one week (OR=9.41; P=.04). CONCLUSIONS: The periodic evaluation of catheter-related adverse events is very useful to prepare improvement plans. This will maximize safety for the most vulnerable newborns, especially those of extremely low birth weight that require very long treatments.