Life Cycle Assessment of Rare Earth Elements-Free Permanent Magnet Alternatives: Sintered Ferrite and Mn-Al-C.

Permanent magnets are fundamental constituents in key sectors such as energy and transport, but also robotics, automatization, medicine, etc. High-performance magnets are based on rare earth elements (RE), included in the European list of critical raw materials list. The volatility of their market increased the research over the past decade to develop RE-free magnets to fill the large performance/cost gap existing between ferrites and RE-based magnets. The improvement of hard ferrites and Mn-Al-C permanent magnets plays into this important technological role in the near future. The possible substitution advantage was widely discussed in the literature considering both magnetic properties and economic aspects. To evaluate further sustainability aspects, the present paper gives a life cycle assessment quantifying the environmental gain resulting from the production of RE-free magnets based on traditional hexaferrite and Mn-Al-C. The analysis quantified an advantage of both magnets that overcomes the 95% in all the considered impact categories (such as climate change, ozone depletion, human toxicity) compared to RE-based technologies. The benefit also includes the health and safety of working time aspects, proving possible reduction of worker risks by 3-12 times. The results represent the fundamentals for the development of green magnets that are able to significantly contribute to an effective sustainable transition.

Cuidados de enfermería en un paciente intervenido de neovejiga ileal ortotópica tipo Hautmann. Caso clínico / No disponible

Entre las derivaciones urinarias en pacientes sometidos a una cistectomía radical por cáncer vesical infiltrante, la neovejiga ileal ortotópica, tipo Hautmann, es una excelente alternativa. Como objetivos nos planteamos: 1) exponer los cuidados de enfermería en pacientes intervenidos de cistectomía radical por cáncer vesical infiltrante a los que se les ha construido una neovejiga ileal tipo Hautmann, y 2) señalar el importante papel que juega enfermería, tanto hospitalaria como de atención primaria, en este tipo de intervención quirúrgica. Se expone un caso clínico de un paciente diagnosticado de cáncer urotelial papilar de alto grado con infiltración perineural al que se le ha construido una neovejiga. Se muestra el procedimiento seguido en el servicio, así como los protocolos empleados y actuaciones de enfermería. Como complicación presentó un íleo paralítico. La bibliografía especializada señala que el íleo paralítico es una de las complicaciones inmediatas que se da con más frecuencia en la cistectomía radical por cáncer vesical infiltrante, junto con la fístula urinaria, retención urinaria por mucus y urosepsis. Estudios de seguimientos de casos de neovejiga ileal tipo Hautmann muestran buenos resultados funcionales, una baja tasa de complicaciones, tanto inmediatas como tardías, y, sobre todo, una buena calidad de vida de estos pacientes

Orthopic ileal neobladder, type Hautmann, is currently the preferred method for urinary derivation in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer. We set goals such as: 1) to supply useful information to patients with neobladder, specifically Hautmann neobladder about patients who underwent radical cystectomy due to infiltrating bladder cancer. 2) to highlight the important role that nursing staff plays by promoting quality in nursing care in this type of surgical intervention. It is described the case of a patient diagnosed with high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma with evidence of perineural invasion. This patient underwent a radical cystectomy with neobladder reconstruction. The patient presented paralytic ileus. Paralytic ileus is a severe complication resulting from a variety of disorders, which is most commonly associated with radical cystectomy due to infiltrating bladder cancer. Other complications are urinary fistula, urinary retention due to mucus and urosepsis. Surveys aimed at monitoring the Hautmann neobladder show good functional outcomes, a low rate of complications of both immediate and late responses, and therefore, the quality of life for these patients was good

Tumor burden monitoring using cell-free tumor DNA could be limited by tumor heterogeneity in advanced breast cancer and should be evaluated together with radiographic imaging.

BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of tumor burden in breast cancer disease is essential to improve the clinical management of patients. In this study, we evaluate whether the fluctuations in the fraction of PIK3CA mutant allele correlates with tumor response according to RECIST criteria and tumor markers quantification. METHODS: Eighty six plasma samples were analyzed by digital PCR using Rare Mutation Assays for E542K, E545K and H1047R. Mutant cfDNA and tumor markers CA15-3 and CEA were compared with radiographic imaging. RESULTS: The agreement between PIK3CA mutation status in FFPE samples and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was moderate (K = 0.591; 95% IC = 0.371-0.811). Restricting the analysis to the metastatic patients, we found a good agreement between PIK3CA mutation status assessed in liquid and solid biopsy (K = 0.798 95%; IC = 0.586-1). ctDNA showed serial changes with fluctuations correlating with tumor markers 15.3 and CEA in 7 out of 8 cases with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.99 to 0.46 and from 0.99 to 0.38 respectively. Similarly, fluctuations in the fraction of PIK3CA mutant allele always correlated with changes in lesion size seen on images, although in two cases it did not correlate with treatment responses as defined by RECIST criteria. CONCLUSION: oncogenic mutation quantification in plasma samples can be useful to monitor treatment outcome. However, it might be limited by tumor heterogeneity in advanced disease and it should be evaluated together with radiographic imaging.

Estandarización de cuidados del síndrome metabólico en diálisis peritoneal / Standardising care of metabolic syndrome in peritoneal dialysis

Introducción. Detectamos una gran prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en los pacientes incidentes y prevalentes en diálisis peritoneal. Objetivo. Elaborar un plan de cuidados estandarizado para pacientes en diálisis peritoneal que diera respuesta a los problemas derivados del síndrome metabólico. Material y Método. La población objeto fueron los pacientes en diálisis peritoneal. Se realizó una valoración de las necesidades según Marjory Gordon, y se utilizaron las taxonomías NANDA, NIC y NOC para establecer los diagnósticos, intervenciones y criterios de resultados más frecuentes. Resultados. Los diagnósticos más prevalentes fueron: Conocimientos deficientes, Manejo inefectivo del régimen terapéutico, Desequilibrio nutricional por exceso y Deterioro de la movilidad física. Se elaboraron las intervenciones a realizar en la consulta de Enfermería, así como los criterios de resultados esperados. Las intervenciones se basaron en la educación del paciente sobre la modificación del estilo de vida, manejo adecuado de alimentación, realización de ejercicio físico adecuado a su edad, y en los aspectos relativos a la patología de base y tratamiento, como administración y manejo de los fármacos y líquidos de diálisis peritoneal. Conclusión. Hemos estandarizado mediante un plan de cuidados, la atención a los problemas de salud derivados del síndrome metabólico, en los pacientes en programa de diálisis peritoneal (AU)

Introduction: We detected a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in both incidental and prevalent cases in peritoneal dialysis. Aim: To draw up a standardised care plan for patients in peritoneal dialysis to deal with the problems arising from metabolic syndrome. Material and Method: The target population consisted of patients in peritoneal dialysis. A needs assessment was carried out using Marjory Gordon’s approach, in which the NANDA, NIC and NOC classifications were used to establish the most frequent diagnoses, interventions and criteria for outcomes. Results: The most prevalent diagnoses were: lack of knowledge, ineffective management of the therapy regime, nutritional imbalance due to excess and deterioration in physical mobility. The interventions to be performed in the nursing consulting room and the criteria for expected outcomes were drawn up. The interventions were based on educating patients about altering their lifestyle, proper management of their diet, doing physical exercise appropriate to their age and in matters concerning their basic pathology and its treatment, such as administering and managing medication and peritoneal dialysis liquids. Conclusion: Through a care plan we standardised care of the health problems arising from metabolic syndrome in patients on a peritoneal dialysis programme (AU)