Effects of Neuropilates on Functional Outcomes in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Neuropilates is an intervention approach that was developed as a modified version of the Pilates Method to be used for neurological rehabilitation. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of regular physiotherapy and occupational therapy rehabilitation in comparison to a combination of traditional rehabilitation with Neuropilates in adults with post-stroke motor disabilities. This was a rater- and analyst-blinded randomized clinical trial with a three-month intervention and a one-month follow up. Participants were randomly allocated to either the experimental group (EG, receiving a combination of conventional therapy and Neuropilates; n = 15) or the control group (CG, receiving solely conventional therapy; n = 15). Once adjusted for baseline FIM scores, the results showed significant differences favoring the EG in daily functioning (FIM), static balance (FRT), right-hand manual dexterity (NHPT) and right-upper limb coordination (BBT). Satisfaction with the received treatment as measured with the CSQ-8 was significantly higher for the EG. In conclusion, the incorporation of Neuropilates, facilitated by a single experienced therapist, can be a valuable complement to conventional physical and occupational therapy. However, Neuropilates-based interventions should be supervised and tailored to each individual by a professional specifically trained in the method.

Extra Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds Modulate the Gene Expression of Biomarkers Involved in Fibroblast Proliferation and Differentiation.

Extra virgin olive oil phenolic compounds have been identified as possible biostimulant agents against different pathological processes, including alterations in healing processes. However, there is little evidence on the molecular mechanisms involved in this process. The aim was to analyse the effect of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleocanthal on fibroblast gene expression. PCR was used to determine the expression of different differentiation markers, extracellular matrix elements, and growth factors in cultured human fibroblasts CCD-1064Sk treated with different doses of hydroxytyrosol (10-5 M and 10-6 M), tyrosol (10-5 M and 10-6 M), and oleocanthal (10-6 M and 10-7 M). After 24 h of hydroxytyrosol treatment, increased expression of connective tissue growth factor, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1), and their receptors was observed. Tyrosol and olecanthal modulated the expression of FGF and TGFßR1. All phytochemicals tested modified the expression of differentiation markers and extracellular matrix elements, increasing gene expression of actin, fibronectin, decorin, collagen I, and III. Phenolic compounds present in extra virgin olive could have a beneficial effect on tissue regeneration by modulating fibroblast physiology.

The Benefits of Olive Oil for Skin Health: Study on the Effect of Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol, and Oleocanthal on Human Fibroblasts.

Fibroblasts contribute to maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis and are a key cell population in wound healing. This cell population can be stimulated by some bioactive compounds such as extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hydroxytyrosol (htyr), tyrosol (tyr), and oleocanthal (ole) phenolic compounds present in EVOO on the proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and antigenic profile of cultured human fibroblasts. CCD-1064Sk human fibroblast cells were treated for 24 h with each polyphenol at doses ranging 10-5 to 10-9 M. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the MTT spectrophotometric technique, migration capacity by culture insert assay, and cell cycle and antigenic profile with flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was significantly increased by treatment with all compounds. The highest increases followed treatments with htyr or tyr at doses of 10-5 or 10-6 M and with ole at 10-6 and 10-7 M, and these compounds and doses were used for assays of antigenic profile, cell cycle, and migration. During the first few hours after treatment, increased fibronectin and α-actin expressions and greater cell migration were observed, with no cell cycle changes. In conclusion, these in vitro results suggest that phenolic compounds in EVOO might contribute to wound healing through action on fibroblasts related to tissue regeneration.

Influence of Clinical and Sociodemographic Variables on Health-Related Quality of Life in the Adult Population with Long COVID.

Worldwide, about 10 percent of patients affected by long COVID require appropriate follow-up and intervention. The main objective of this study was to analyze the long-term impact of mild long COVID in the adult population, and to determine the effect of clinical and sociodemographic variables on health-related quality of life in those affected. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of a sample of Spanish adult patients with persistent COVID-19 symptoms at least three months after diagnosis. Data collection took place between April and July 2021. The health-related quality of life of the sample was low, with worse results in the physical component summary (PCS) 24.66 (SD = 4.45) compared to the mental component summary (MCS) 45.95 (SD = 8.65). The multi-regression analysis showed significant differences by sex in the dimensions of physical functioning (p = 0.040); bodily pain (p = 0.036); and health transition (p = 0.018). Additionally, a longer time since infection had a significant effect on physical functioning (p = 0.039); general health (p = 0.037); vitality (p = 0.034); and general health transition (p = 0.002). The effect of occupational imbalance was significant for all dimensions. Conclusions: people with long COVID have a reduced quality of life. Sex, time since infection, and occupational imbalance are predictors of a worse quality of life.

How Do Motor and Sensory Function Correlate with Daily Performance Recovery after Post-Stroke Robotic Intervention? A Secondary Analysis of a Non-Randomized Controlled Trial.

New technologies have been developed to complement conventional interventions to better target the specific needs of people with stroke, and they have been shown to improve both function and performance. However, it is unknown whether the baseline levels of sensorimotor function and performance interrelate with the improvement in upper limb and daily performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between baseline levels of sensorimotor function and daily performance and its impact on post-intervention improvement in people with stroke following a robotic intervention. A single-blind, non-randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted. Participants in the experimental group (n = 9) received a robotic intervention in addition to conventional treatment. Sensorimotor function was measured with Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments® and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity Scale. Upper limb and daily performance were measured with the MAL and SIS-16 scales. The multivariate regression models showed that baseline levels of upper limb performance and motor function predicted >95% of the variance in upper limb performance (p < 0.001), while pre-intervention levels of daily performance explained >75% of the post-intervention variance (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that basal upper limb motor function is associated with improved performance following a combined intervention of conventional treatment and robotic intervention.

Modulation of Osteogenic Gene Expression by Human Osteoblasts Cultured in the Presence of Bisphenols BPF, BPS, or BPAF.

Bone effects attributed to bisphenols (BPs) include the inhibition of growth and differentiation. This study analyzes the effect of BPA analogs (BPS, BPF, and BPAF) on the gene expression of the osteogenic markers RUNX2, osterix (OSX), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), BMP-7, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen-1 (COL-1), and osteocalcin (OSC). Human osteoblasts were obtained by primary culture from bone chips harvested during routine dental work in healthy volunteers and were treated with BPF, BPS, or BPAF for 24 h at doses of 10-5, 10-6, and 10-7 M. Untreated cells were used as controls. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of the osteogenic marker genes RUNX2, OSX, BMP-2, BMP-7, ALP, COL-1, and OSC. The expression of all studied markers was inhibited in the presence of each analog; some markers (COL-1; OSC, BMP2) were inhibited at all three doses and others only at the highest doses (10-5 and 10-6 M). Results obtained for the gene expression of osteogenic markers reveal an adverse effect of BPA analogs (BPF, BPS, and BPAF) on the physiology of human osteoblasts. The impact on ALP, COL-1, and OSC synthesis and therefore on bone matrix formation and mineralization is similar to that observed after exposure to BPA. Further research is warranted to determine the possible contribution of BP exposure to the development of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.

Effect of Punicalagin and Ellagic Acid on Human Fibroblasts In Vitro: A Preliminary Evaluation of Their Therapeutic Potential.

BACKGROUND: Pomegranate is a fruit that contains various phenolic compounds, including punicalagin and ellagic acid, which have been attributed to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic properties, among others. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of punicalagin and ellagic acid on the viability, migration, cell cycle, and antigenic profile of cultured human fibroblasts (CCD-1064Sk). MTT spectrophotometry was carried out to determine cell viability, cell culture inserts were used for migration trials, and flow cytometry was performed for antigenic profile and cell cycle analyses. Cells were treated with each phenolic compound for 24 h at doses of 10-5 to 10-9 M. RESULTS: Cell viability was always significantly higher in treated versus control cells except for punicalagin at 10-9 M. Doses of punicalagin and ellagic acid in subsequent assays were 10-6 M or 10-7 M, which increased the cell migration capacity and upregulated fibronectin and α-actin expression without altering the cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS: These in vitro findings indicate that punicalagin and ellagic acid promote fibroblast functions that are involved in epithelial tissue healing.

Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: First Symptoms and Evolution of the Clinical Picture: Case-Control Study/Epidemiological Case-Control Study.

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic condition characterized by the appearance of symptoms caused by exposure to chemical compounds that are tolerable for the general population. It mainly affects middle-aged women. There are very few studies focusing on the most frequent symptoms of MCS considering age groups and gender. The main goal of this study was to find the most frequent symptoms both at the onset of the disease and at the present time describing them by age groups. The QEESI (Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory) questionnaire, Scale 3 which assesses symptoms and their severity, was used as a diagnostic tool for the disease. A case-control study was conducted with the participation of 210 people. Of the cases, 94.3% were women. The symptoms that most often manifested first were airway and mucous membrane alterations (68.9%). In the development of the disease, we found cognitive alterations (OR = 31.25), heart or chest problems (OR = 22.49), neuromuscular problems (OR = 20.00) and head-related symptomatology (OR = 19.29). Identifying the most frequent pattern of symptoms by age group and sex will allow an early diagnosis of the disease to improve its prognosis and treatment.

Biological effects of the olive tree and its derivatives on the skin.

The olive tree and its derivatives are of great interest in the field of biomedicine due to their numerous health properties. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of the use of olive products, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and products derived from its extraction, on the skin. Numerous studies have pointed out the protective effect of olive compounds on skin ageing, thanks to their role in the different mechanisms involved in the ageing process, such as reducing oxidative stress, increasing cell viability and decreasing histological alterations. With regard to their photoprotective effect, the olive tree and its fruit contain phenolic compounds which have a protective effect against radiation, such as low ultraviolet absorption and high antioxidant activity, acting as a protective factor against photocarcinogenesis. Similarly, the anti-tumour effects of olives have been studied at the level of the different compounds and extracts obtained from them, and their ability to selectively attack human melanoma cells has been observed. They have also shown antibacterial activity against microorganisms particularly implicated in skin infections, such as Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. Likewise, on healthy tissue, they have shown the ability to stimulate growth, migration and the expression of genes involved in cell differentiation, which favours the regeneration of skin wounds. According to the results included in this review, the olive tree and its derivatives could be useful in the treatment of many skin conditions.

The impact of violence on women's health. The present as a reflection of the past: A qualitative study.

The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of violence on women's health and the feelings generated during the period of exposure to violence. This is a qualitative study with an interpretative phenomenological design in which 16 women participated-4 through interviews and 12 through stories. The data obtained were analyzed using the Colaizzi approach. The results were structured into 3 themes according to how the women interpreted their experiences. The themes were physical consequences: visible traces; psychological consequences: stormy days and sunny days; and social consequences: from loneliness to a new world. In conclusion, the women in this study considered all those (very diverse) physical pathologies to be important. They encompassed a series of psychological disorders that lasted over time, causing considerable suffering and complicating the participants' ability to relate to the rest of society, especially men. Similarly, the participants identified a series of positive consequences when they left the traumatic situation empowered after overcoming gender-based violence.

The current status of COVID-19 vaccines. A scoping review.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new disease that has led to a worldwide pandemic, resulting in millions of deaths and a high economic burden. Here, we analyze the current status of preventive vaccines authorized by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Published clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of mRNA (BNT162b2 and Spikevax), adenovirus vector-based (Ad26.COV2.S and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), and recombinant protein S (NVX-CoV2373) vaccines to be between 52.9% and 100%. The most-frequent adverse effects include local pain, fatigue, headache, or chills. Serious events are associated with Ad26.COV2.S and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines.

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Relationship between Play Performance and Psychosocial Problems in School-Aged Children.

During childhood, play contributes to the physical, emotional, cognitive and social development of infants and children and may enhance future mental health. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between play performance factors and psychosocial problems in school-aged children. A total of 142 typical Spanish children aged 5 to 9 years were included. Play performance was measured with the My Child's Play questionnaire, while the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to evaluate internalizing and externalizing problems. The findings showed that personal, environmental and activity factors of play performance were associated with psychosocial problems and prosocial behavior in children. Moreover, children with high psychosocial difficulties reported significantly poorer play performance. As executive functioning during play was the factor that was most strongly associated with internalizing and externalizing psychosocial difficulties, it is possible that executive functions have a decisive role on both social cognition and self-regulation during play performance.

Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration: A Guide to Identifying the Most Favorable One in Orthopedics and Dentistry Applications.

The success of regenerative medicine in various clinical applications depends on the appropriate selection of the source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Indeed, the source conditions, the quality and quantity of MSCs, have an influence on the growth factors, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and secrete bioactive factors of the regenerative milieu, thus influencing the clinical result. Thus, optimal source selection should harmonize this complex setting and ensure a well-personalized and effective treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from several sources, including bone marrow and adipose tissue, already used in orthopedic regenerative applications. In this sense, for bone, dental, and oral injuries, MSCs could provide an innovative and effective therapy. The present review aims to compare the properties (proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, angiogenic capacity, differentiation potential, and secretome) of MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental tissue to enable clinicians to select the best source of MSCs for their clinical application in bone and oral tissue regeneration to delineate new translational perspectives. A review of the literature was conducted using the search engines Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. An analysis of different publications showed that all sources compared (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and dental tissue mesenchymal stem cells (DT-MSCs)) are good options to promote proper migration and angiogenesis, and they turn out to be useful for gingival, dental pulp, bone, and periodontal regeneration. In particular, DT-MSCs have better proliferation rates and AT and G-MSC sources showed higher clonogenicity. MSCs from bone marrow, widely used in orthopedic regenerative medicine, are preferable for their differentiation ability. Considering all the properties among sources, BM-MSCs, AT-MSCs, and DT-MSCs present as potential candidates for oral and dental regeneration.

The Effect of Chlorhexidine, Amoxicillin, and Clindamycin on the Growth and Differentiation of Primary Human Osteoblasts.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two antibiotics (amoxicillin and clindamycin) and one antiseptic (chlorhexidine digluconate [CHX]) on the growth and differentiation capacity of primary human osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoblast proliferation was determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) technique after a 1-minute treatment with 400 µg/mL amoxicillin or 150 µg/mL clindamycin or CHX (0.12% or 0.2%). Flow cytometry was used for apoptosis/necrosis analysis. The study of cell differentiation was performed using a mineralization medium and staining of the nodules formed using red alizarin at 15 and 22 days of treatment with 400 µg/mL amoxicillin or 150 µg/mL clindamycin. Spectrophotometry was used to determine alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 1 minute of treatment. RESULTS: Treatment of osteoblasts with 0.12% and 0.2% CHX for 1 minute induced a strong dose-dependent reduction in cell proliferation (P < .001) with a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells (P = .004 and < .001, respectively). However, cell proliferation significantly increased (P < .05) after treatment with 150 µg/mL clindamycin. Treatment of the osteoblasts with 150 µg/mL clindamycin for 1 minute significantly increased the expression of ALP (P = .002). Calcium deposition was significantly higher (P < .001) in the 150 µg/mL clindamycin group. CONCLUSION: These data support the use of low doses of clindamycin and amoxicillin for intraoral bone graft decontamination and raise questions about the use of CHX. Osteoblast growth and differentiation may be favored by low doses of clindamycin, and it may be the decontaminant of choice for intraoral bone grafts, while CHX is shown as a less bone-friendly agent.

Effect of the most common wound antiseptics on human skin fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND: Antiseptics are used for the cleansing of acute or chronic wounds to eliminate micro-organisms from the wound bed. However, they have effects on the skin cells. AIM: To determine the effects of hexetidine, povidone-iodine (PI), undecylenamidopropyl-betaine/polyhexanide (UBP), chlorhexidine, disodium eosin and hydrogen peroxide on human skin fibroblasts. METHODS: CCD-1064Sk cells were treated with hexetidine, PI, UBP, chlorhexidine, disodium eosin or hydrogen peroxide. Spectrophotometry was used to measure cell viability and flow cytometry was used to study apoptosis and necrosis after the treatment. In vitro wound scratch assays were performed to determine the gap closure. RESULTS: All antiseptics significantly reduced the viability of human skin fibroblasts compared with controls. The percentage wound closure was lower with hexetidine, PI and UBP. The scratch assay could not be measured after treatments with chlorhexidine, disodium eosin or hydrogen peroxide, owing to their cytotoxicity. The apoptosis/necrosis experiments evidenced a significant reduction in viable cells compared with controls. An increased percentage of apoptotic cells was observed after treatment with all antiseptics. Compared with controls, the percentage of necrotic cells was significantly increased with all antiseptics except for hexetidine. CONCLUSION: The proliferation, migration and viability of human skin fibroblasts are reduced by treatment with hexetidine, PI, UBP, chlorhexidine, disodium eosin and hydrogen peroxide.

Biological properties and therapeutic applications of garlic and its components.

Garlic is one of the most widely employed condiments in cooking. It has also been used since ancient times in traditional plant-based medicine, largely based on its organosulfur compounds. The objective of this study was to provide updated information on the biological and therapeutic garlic properties. Garlic has been found to possess important biological properties with high therapeutic potential, which is influenced by the mode of its utilization, preparation, and extraction. It has been attributed with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory capacities. Garlic, in particular its organosulfur compounds, can maintain immune system homeostasis through positive effects on immune cells, especially by regulating cytokine proliferation and expression. This may underlie their usefulness in the treatment of infectious and tumor processes. These compounds can also offer vascular benefits by regulating lipid metabolism or by exerting antihypertensive and antiaggregant effects. However, further clinical trials are warranted to confirm the therapeutic potential of garlic and its derivatives.

Terapeutas ocupacionales: promotores de salud / Occupational therapists: health promoters

La promoción de la salud se considera como uno de los objetivos principales de la práctica de Terapia Ocupacional. Las similitudes entre promoción de la salud y nuestra disciplina han sido ampliamente reconocidos y discutidos desde diferentes fuentes institucionales y empíricas, pero su implementación puede resultar compleja debido a múltiples factores, incluyendo una confusión en los conceptos y estrategias de acción de la misma. El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar un contexto sobre la promoción de la salud y su relación con la Terapia Ocupacional, abordando reflexivamente diferentes aspectos relacionados con la capacidad potencial de la ocupación como promotora de salud. Finalmente, se describen cómo las modificaciones incorporadas a la nueva edición del Marco de Trabajo para la Práctica de Terapia Ocupacional publicado por la Asociación Americana de Terapia Ocupacional pueden contribuir a consolidar las oportunidades de intervención de los terapeutas ocupacionales en el marco de la promoción de la salud individual y pública. (AU)

Health promotion is considered a main purpose of Occupational Therapy practice. Similarities between health promotion and our discipline have been widely recognized and discussed through different institutional and empirical sources, but implementation of health promotion can be difficult due to multiple factors. Confusion regarding conceptual aspects or action strategies can constitute a barrier to health promotion in Occupational Therapy. The purpose of this work is to provide context about health promotion and its relationship with Occupational Therapy, by critically addressing different aspects about the health-promotion potential value of occupations. Finally, we describe how newly introduced modifications in the Fourth Edition of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework of the American Occupational Therapy Association can contribute to consolidate intervention opportunities for occupational therapy in individual and public health promotion. (AU)

Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and their phagocytic capacity.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have evidenced considerable therapeutic potential in numerous clinical fields, especially in tissue regeneration. The immunological characteristics of this cell population include the expression of Toll-like receptors and mannose receptors, among others. The study objective was to determine whether MSCs have phagocytic capacity against different target particles. We isolated and characterized three human adipose tissue MSC (HAT-MSC) lines from three patients and analysed their phagocytic capacity by flow cytometry, using fluorescent latex beads, and by transmission electron microscopy, using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans as biological materials and latex beads as non-biological material. The results demonstrate that HAT-MSCs can phagocyte particles of different nature and size. The percentage of phagocytic cells ranged between 33.8% and 56.2% (mean of 44.37% ± 11.253) according to the cell line, and a high phagocytic index was observed. The high phagocytic capacity observed in MSCs, which have known regenerative potential, may offer an advance in the approach to certain local and systemic infections.

Motor performance and daily participation in children with and without probable developmental coordination disorder.

AIM: To test the mediating role of motor performance in the relationship between individual and environmental constraints, delayed learning of activities of daily living (ADL), and daily participation in typically developing children and children with probable developmental coordination disorder (DCD). METHOD: Parents of 370 randomly selected children aged 5 to 10 years (194 females; mean age [SD] 7y 5mo [1y 10mo]) were included in the study (321 typically developing, 49 probable DCD). Motor performance, ADL learning, and participation were assessed using the DCDDaily-Questionnaire. Individual variables included child's age and sex, and environmental variables included mother and family educational level, presence of siblings, and area of residence. Direct, indirect, and mediating effects were tested using a partial least squares-based structural equation modelling approach. RESULTS: The model explained 44.5% of the variance of daily participation. Motor performance significantly mediated the effect of individual and environmental constraints, and ADL learning on daily participation. INTERPRETATION: Results suggest that the effect of individual and environmental constraints and delayed learning of ADL on daily participation is mediated by motor performance in typically developing children and children with probable DCD. These findings provide further evidence that interventions to promote participation in children with probable DCD should adopt ecological, task-oriented approaches. Further studies should evaluate model generalizability with clinical samples.

Personal Tools and Psychosocial Resources of Resilient Gender-Based Violence Women.

Gender-based violence is considered a serious social and public health problem. Overcoming this situation implies a process that results in the favorable biopsychosocial rehabilitation of the resilience of women. The objective of this study was to analyze the tools, resources and personal and psychosocial mechanisms used by women survivors of gender-based violence. The design was an interpretative phenomenology. It was carried out with 22 women who have overcome gender-based violence. Data were collected through personal interviews and narration. The results were grouped into four themes: "Process of violence", "Social resources for coping and overcoming GBV", "Personal tools for coping and overcoming GBV" and "Feelings identified, from the abuse stage to the survival stage". Several studies concluded that overcoming abuse is influenced by the women's social network, and it can be the action of these people determining their survival to gender violence. Despite the recognized usefulness of these available resources, it would be desirable to strengthen them in order to be able to drive more women toward survival, assuming a strengthening of coping and overcoming, without forgetting the importance of other support mechanisms, such as their family and group therapies.