Biosafety evaluation of etoposide lipid nanomedicines in C. elegans.

Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor that originates during embryonic development and progresses into aggressive tumors, primarily affecting children under two years old. Many patients are diagnosed as high-risk and undergo chemotherapy, often leading to short- and long-term toxicities. Nanomedicine offers a promising solution to enhance drug efficacy and improve physical properties. In this study, lipid-based nanomedicines were developed with an average size of 140 nm, achieving a high encapsulation efficiency of over 90% for the anticancer drug etoposide. Then, cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing effects of these etoposide nanomedicines were assessed in vitro using human cell lines, both cancerous and non-cancerous. The results demonstrated that etoposide nanomedicines exhibited high toxicity and selectively induced apoptosis only in cancerous cells.Next, the biosafety of these nanomedicines in C. elegans, a model organism, was evaluated by measuring survival, body size, and the effect on dividing cells. The findings showed that the nanomedicines had a safer profile than the free etoposide in this model. Notably, nanomedicines exerted etoposide's antiproliferative effect only in highly proliferative germline cells. Therefore, the developed nanomedicines hold promise as safe drug delivery systems for etoposide, potentially leading to an improved therapeutic index for neuroblastoma treatment.

Hydrogels for brain repair: application to Parkinson's disease.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Currently, there are no curative therapies, with only symptomatic treatment available. One of the principal reasons for the lack of treatments is the problem of delivering drugs to the brain, mainly due to the blood-brain barrier. Hydrogels are presented as ideal platforms for delivering treatments to the brain ranging from small molecules to cell replacement therapies. AREAS COVERED: The potential application of hydrogel-based therapies for Parkinson's disease is addressed. The desirable composition and mechanical properties of these therapies for brain application are discussed, alongside the preclinical research available with hydrogels in Parkinson's disease. Lastly, translational and manufacturing challenges are presented. EXPERT OPINION: Parkinson's disease urgently needs novel therapies to delay its progression and for advanced stages, at which conventional therapies fail to control motor symptoms. Neurotrophic factor-loaded hydrogels with stem cells offer one of the most promising therapies. This approach may increase the striatal dopamine content while protecting and promoting the differentiation of stem cells although the generation of synapses between engrafted and host cells remains an issue to overcome. Other challenges to consider are related to the route of administration of hydrogels and their large-scale production, required to accelerate their translation toward the clinic.

Encapsulation of MSCs and GDNF in an Injectable Nanoreinforced Supramolecular Hydrogel for Brain Tissue Engineering.

The co-administration of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in hydrogels (HGs) has emerged as a powerful strategy to enhance the efficient integration of transplanted cells in Parkinson's disease (PD). This strategy could be improved by controlling the cellular microenvironment and biomolecule release and better mimicking the complex properties of the brain tissue. Here, we develop and characterize a drug delivery system for brain repair where MSCs and GDNF are included in a nanoparticle-modified supramolecular guest-host HA HG. In this system, the nanoparticles act as both carriers for the GDNF and active physical crosslinkers of the HG. The multifunctional HG is mechanically compatible with brain tissue and easily injectable. It also protects GDNF from degradation and achieves its controlled release over time. The cytocompatibility studies show that the developed biomaterial provides a friendly environment for MSCs and presents good compatibility with PC12 cells. Finally, using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we investigated how the three-dimensional (3D) environment, provided by the nanostructured HG, impacted the encapsulated cells. The transcriptome analysis supports the beneficial effect of including MSCs in the nanoreinforced HG. An enhancement in the anti-inflammatory effect of MSCs was observed, as well as a differentiation of the MSCs toward a neuron-like cell type. In summary, the suitable strength, excellent self-healing properties, good biocompatibility, and ability to boost MSC regenerative potential make this nanoreinforced HG a good candidate for drug and cell administration to the brain.

Sentinel surveillance for bacterial pneumonia and meningitis in children under the age of 5 in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Colombia - 2016. / Vigilancia centinela de neumonías y meningitis bacterianas en menores de 5 años en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel en Colombia - 2016

INTRODUCTION: Bacterial pneumonia and meningitis are vaccine-preventable diseases. Sentinel surveillance provides relevant information about their behavior. OBJECTIVE: To present the data from sentinel surveillance carried out at the Fundación HOMI, Fundación Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia in 2016. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive study from January 1 to December 31, 2016, on the daily surveillance of patients under 5 years of age diagnosed with pneumonia or bacterial meningitis according to PAHO's definitions. We identified the microorganisms using the automated VITEKTM 2 system. Bacterial isolates were sent to the Microbiology Group at the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Salud for confirmation, serotyping, phenotypic, and genotypic characterization. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were established. RESULTS: From 1,343 suspected cases of bacterial pneumonia, 654 (48.7%) were probable, 84% had complete Hib vaccination schedules, and 87% had complete pneumococcal vaccination schedules for age. Blood culture was taken in 619 (94.6%) and 41 (6.6%) were positive while S. pneumoniae was isolated in 17 (41%) of them. The most frequent serotype was 19A in five cases (29.4%), and four 19A serotypes were associated with the reference isolate ST320. The incidence rate of probable bacterial pneumonia was 7.3 cases/100 hospitalized patients, and lethality was 2.1%. As for bacterial meningitis, 22 suspected cases were reported, 12 (54%) were probable, four (33%) were confirmed: two by Escherichia coli and two by group C N. meningitidis. The incidence of probable bacterial meningitis was 0.14 cases/100 hospitalized patients. CONCLUSION: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 19A and 3 were the most frequent cause of pneumonia. Spn19A is related to the multi-resistant clone ST320. Strengthening and continuing this strategy will allow understanding the impact of vaccination.

Introducción. La neumonía y la meningitis bacterianas son enfermedades inmunoprevenibles; la vigilancia centinela aporta información relevante acerca de su comportamiento. Objetivo. Presentar los resultados de la vigilancia centinela de neumonía y meningitis llevada a cabo en la HOMI, Fundación Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo entre el 1 de enero y el 31 diciembre del 2016, de la vigilancia diaria de pacientes menores de 5 años con diagnóstico de neumonía o meningitis bacteriana, según las definiciones de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Los microorganismos fueron identificados usando el sistema automatizado VITEK TM2. Los aislamientos se enviaron al grupo de microbiología del Instituto Nacional de Salud para confirmación, serotipificación, y caracterización genotípica y fenotípica. Asimismo, se establecieron los perfiles de sensibilidad antimicrobiana. Resultados. De 1.343 casos sospechosos de neumonía bacteriana, 654 (48,7 %) fueron probables, el 84 % tenía el esquema de vacunación completo para la edad contra Haemophilus influenzae de tipo b, y el 87 %, contra neumococo. En 619 (94,6 %) pacientes se hizo hemocultivo y 41 (6,6 %) fueron positivos. S. pneumoniae se aisló en 17 (41 %) casos. El serotipo más frecuente fue el 19A, en cinco pacientes (29,4 %), en tanto que cuatro aislamientos de spn19A fueron relacionados con el clon ST320. La tasa de incidencia de neumonía bacteriana probable fue de 7,3 casos/100 pacientes hospitalizados. La letalidad fue de 2,1 %. Hubo 22 casos sospechosos de meningitis bacteriana, 12 (54 %) probables, y cuatro (33 %) confirmados: dos por Escherichia coli y dos por Neisseria meningitidis del grupo C. La incidencia de meningitis bacteriana probable fue de 0,14/100 pacientes hospitalizados. Conclusión. Los serotipos 19A y 3 de S. pneumoniae fueron la causa más frecuente de neumonía. El Spn19A se relacionó con el clon ST320 mulitirresistente. El fortalecimiento continuo de la vigilancia centinela permitirá entender el impacto de la vacunación.

Sentinel surveillance for bacterial pneumonia and meningitis in children under the age of 5 in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Colombia - 2016 / Vigilancia centinela de neumonías y meningitis bacterianas en menores de 5 años en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel en Colombia - 2016

Abstract | Introduction: Bacterial pneumonia and meningitis are vaccine-preventable diseases. Sentinel surveillance provides relevant information about their behavior. Objective: To present the data from sentinel surveillance carried out at the Fundación HOMI, Fundación Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia in 2016. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive study from January 1 to December 31, 2016, on the daily surveillance of patients under 5 years of age diagnosed with pneumonia or bacterial meningitis according to PAHO's definitions. We identified the microorganisms using the automated VITEKTM 2 system. Bacterial isolates were sent to the Microbiology Group at the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Salud for confirmation, serotyping, phenotypic, and genotypic characterization. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were established. Results: From 1,343 suspected cases of bacterial pneumonia, 654 (48.7%) were probable, 84% had complete Hib vaccination schedules, and 87% had complete pneumococcal vaccination schedules for age. Blood culture was taken in 619 (94.6%) and 41 (6.6%) were positive while S. pneumoniae was isolated in 17 (41%) of them. The most frequent serotype was 19A in five cases (29.4%), and four 19A serotypes were associated with the reference isolate ST320. The incidence rate of probable bacterial pneumonia was 7.3 cases/100 hospitalized patients, and lethality was 2.1%. As for bacterial meningitis, 22 suspected cases were reported, 12 (54%) were probable, four (33%) were confirmed: two by Escherichia coli and two by group C N. meningitidis. The incidence of probable bacterial meningitis was 0.14 cases/100 hospitalized patients. Conclusion: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 19A and 3 were the most frequent cause of pneumonia. Spn19A is related to the multi-resistant clone ST320. Strengthening and continuing this strategy will allow understanding the impact of vaccination.

Resumen | Introducción. La neumonía y la meningitis bacterianas son enfermedades inmunoprevenibles; la vigilancia centinela aporta información relevante acerca de su comportamiento. Objetivo. Presentar los resultados de la vigilancia centinela de neumonía y meningitis llevada a cabo en la HOMI, Fundación Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo entre el 1 de enero y el 31 diciembre del 2016, de la vigilancia diaria de pacientes menores de 5 años con diagnóstico de neumonía o meningitis bacteriana, según las definiciones de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Los microorganismos fueron identificados usando el sistema automatizado VITEK TM2. Los aislamientos se enviaron al grupo de microbiología del Instituto Nacional de Salud para confirmación, serotipificación, y caracterización genotípica y fenotípica. Asimismo, se establecieron los perfiles de sensibilidad antimicrobiana. Resultados. De 1.343 casos sospechosos de neumonía bacteriana, 654 (48,7 %) fueron probables, el 84 % tenía el esquema de vacunación completo para la edad contra Haemophilus influenzae de tipo b, y el 87 %, contra neumococo. En 619 (94,6 %) pacientes se hizo hemocultivo y 41 (6,6 %) fueron positivos. S. pneumoniae se aisló en 17 (41 %) casos. El serotipo más frecuente fue el 19A, en cinco pacientes (29,4 %), en tanto que cuatro aislamientos de spn19A fueron relacionados con el clon ST320. La tasa de incidencia de neumonía bacteriana probable fue de 7,3 casos/100 pacientes hospitalizados. La letalidad fue de 2,1 %. Hubo 22 casos sospechosos de meningitis bacteriana, 12 (54 %) probables, y cuatro (33 %) confirmados: dos por Escherichia coli y dos por Neisseria meningitidis del grupo C. La incidencia de meningitis bacteriana probable fue de 0,14/100 pacientes hospitalizados. Conclusión. Los serotipos 19A y 3 de S. pneumoniae fueron la causa más frecuente de neumonía. El Spn19A se relacionó con el clon ST320 mulitirresistente. El fortalecimiento continuo de la vigilancia centinela permitirá entender el impacto de la vacunación.

Pseudoaneurisma micótico por embolismo séptico en paciente pediátrico con leucemia linfoblástica aguda / Mycotic aneurism for septic embolism in a pediatric patient with acute linfoblastic leukemia

Resumen Los aneurismas pediátricos son raros y pueden se causados por infección al dañar la pared arterial formando una saculación ciega contigua a su lumen denominada pseudoaneurisma micótico. La mayoría de los casos reportados son de pacientes ancianos con comorbilidades y los agentes causantes más frecuentes son Staphylococcus spp, Salmonella spp, Streptococcus spp y raramente hongos. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 3 años con: diagnóstico reciente de leucemia linfoblástica aguda de precursores B en remisión; alto riesgo de recaída por tratamiento incompleto y antecedente de bacteremia por Staphylococcus epidermidis y fungemia por Cándida tropicalis; vegetaciones cardiacas que hacen embolismo a hígado, bazo, pulmón y cerebro, y pseudoaneurisma micótico parcialmente trombosado de la arteria ilíaca común y externa. El diagnóstico temprano de esta entidad es de vital importancia por el riesgo de ruptura y el manejo quirúrgico dependerá de la localización, el tamaño y las complicaciones asociadas.

Abstract Pediatric aneurysms are rare and can be caused for damaging of the arterial wall secondary to an infection, forming a blind sacculation contiguous to its lumen called mycotic pseudoaneurysm. The majority of reported cases are from elderly patients with comorbidities. The most frequent involucre microorganisms are Staphylococcus spp, Salmonella spp, Streptococcus spp and rarely fungi. We present the case of a 3-year-old boy, with a recent diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of B precursors in remission, with a high risk of relapse due to incomplete treatment and a history of bacteremia due to Staphylococcus epidermidis and fungemia due to Candida tropicalis; with cardiac vegetations that produce liver, spleen, lung and brain embolism, in whom a partially thrombosed mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the common and external iliac artery is found. The early diagnosis of this entity is of vital importance because of the risk of rupture. Surgical management will depend on the location, size and associated complications.

Impact of cardiovascular embryology animations on short-term learning.

An understanding of human embryology is essential for students to better understand the subjects of human anatomy and physiology. However, human embryology is a challenging subject for many, since they must learn how anatomic structures and physiological processes develop over a period of time. Embryology texts typically use static, two-dimensional images to illustrate the dynamic three-dimensional developmental processes, making it difficult for a student to understand spatial relationships and sequential steps. To help students conceptualize these series of complex dynamic developmental events that occur over time, two of the authors and a graphic artist developed six web-based cardiovascular embryology animations and housed them on an Indiana University website. This research study examines knowledge gains and user satisfaction of students, faculty, and laypeople around the world who accessed these six website animations. Data collection spanned 6 yr, and pretest/posttest assessments (ranging from 4 to 7 multiple-choice questions each) were used to determine immediate knowledge gains of cardiovascular embryology. The total number of completed pretest/posttest assessments ranged from 555 to 1,449 per animation. The number of correct posttest scores was significantly improved over matched pretest scores (confidence interval range 1.3-3.2, depending on the animation, P < 0.001), suggesting the animations are useful for embryology learning (at least in the short term). Demographic and user satisfaction information was gathered with an anonymous survey at the end of each animation. Survey data from all animations indicated participants found the animations easy to use and very effective for their learning. This research highlights the positive impacts of web-based animations on learning complicated events of cardiovascular embryology.

Multivariate Model for the Prediction of Severity of Acute Pancreatitis in Children.

This study aimed to develop a severity prediction system for pediatric patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) based on clinical and laboratory parameters recorded at disease onset. A retrospective cohort study including 130 patients with AP, aged 0 to 18 years, was conducted. Correlations between severe AP (SAP) and clinical and laboratory data were established. Parameters with a significant statistical correlation (P ≤ 0.05) were incorporated in logistic regression models, and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated. The best-performance cutoff points were calculated to propose a severity prediction score, for which sensitivity and specificity were determined. Thirty-eight cases (29.2%) were consistent with SAP. A value of ≥1 point yielded a sensitivity of 81.5% and specificity of 64.1% for SAP prediction, when using a score including blood urea nitrogen ≥12.5 mg/dL (1 point) or hemoglobin <13 mg/dL (1 point) as variables. The proposed severity score showed good performance in predicting SAP.

Utility of CT classifications to predict unfavorable outcomes in children with acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) is useful for the diagnosis of local complications in children with acute pancreatitis but its role as a prognostic tool remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To establish the correlation between the CT Severity Index and the Revised Atlanta Classification regarding unfavorable outcomes such as severe acute pancreatitis and need for Pediatric Special Care Unit attention in children with acute pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective and concordance cohort study in which we obtained abdominal CT scans from 30 patients ages 0 to 18 years with acute pancreatitis. Two pediatric radiologists interpreted the results using the CT Severity Index and the Revised Atlanta Classification. The kappa coefficient was determined for each scale. The association among severe acute pancreatitis, need for admission to the Pediatric Special Care Unit and CT systems were established using chi-square or Mann-Whitney U tests. The best CT Severity Index value to predict the need for admission to the Pediatric Special Care Unit was estimated through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Mean CT Severity Index was 5.1±2.8 (mean ± standard deviation on a scale of 0 to 10) for the severe acute pancreatitis group vs. 3.8±2.7 for the mild acute pancreatitis group (P=0.230). The CT Severity Index for the children who were not hospitalized at the Pediatric Special Care Unit was 2.2±2.2 vs. 5.6±2.4 for the group hospitalized at the Pediatric Special Care Unit (P=0.001). Only parenchymal necrosis >30% was associated with severe acute pancreatitis (P=0.021). A CT Severity Index ≥3 has a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 72% to predict need for admission to the Pediatric Special Care Unit. None of the Revised Atlanta Classification categories was associated with severe acute pancreatitis or admission to the Pediatric Special Care Unit. CONCLUSION: A CT Severity Index ≥3 in children with acute pancreatitis who require CT assessment based on clinical criteria is associated with the need for admission to the Pediatric Special Care Unit. We found that pancreatic necrosis greater than 30% is the only tomographic parameter related to severe acute pancreatitis. New studies with a greater sample size are necessary to confirm this result.

Pseudotumor inflamatorio de Pott: una complicación olvidada y peligrosa de la sinusitis / Pott's puffy pseudotumor: a forgotten and dangerous complication of sinusitis

Resumen El pseudotumor inflamatorio de Pott es una de las posibles complicaciones de la sinusitis. En la literatura existen pocos casos reportados de esta entidad, pero el presente artículo expone cuatro casos con el propósito de concientizar al grupo médico sobre la existencia de esta enfermedad y cómo su manejo temprano puede prevenir complicaciones severas.

Abstract Pott's puffy pseudotumor is one of the possible complications of sinusitis. The literature reports few cases related to this entity; however, this article presents a series of four cases to raise awareness among the medical group of the existence of this disease, and how timely management can prevent severe complications.

Terapia de pareja: reflexiones sistémicas de un grupo en formación / Couple therapy: systemic reflections in a formative group

Se presentan a continuación algunas ideas y reflexiones planteadas como resultado del trabajo en equipo llevado a cabo durante el curso de terapia de pareja en el proceso de formación como especialistas en terapia familiar de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó. Inicialmente se plantean algunos datos históricos e ideas acerca de la forma en que los cambios socioculturales han modificado las relaciones, aportando a la consolidación de nuevas formas de ser pareja. Se analizan características de dicha diada y el lugar del amor en su conformación, a la luz de nuevas comprensiones de las dinámicas del mundo contemporáneo y las problemáticas actuales. Concluyendo este recorrido se reconoce la vigencia e importancia de la terapia sistémica como alternativa para el abordaje de las problemáticas de pareja y se describen asuntos propios de dicha intervención, resaltando en ellos el lugar del terapeuta. Se concluye con la idea de la pareja como producto de un proceso de transformación transversalizado por la sociedad y la cultura, con diversos matices y formas de ser, que siendo cambiantes mantienen como constante la idea de pareja como un sistema interaccional complejo, en el que amor, deseo y pasión movilizan sentimientos y emociones vitales que revelan simultáneamente la fragilidad y fuerza del ser humano capaz de transformarlo. Vista de este modo la pareja es un escenario de intervención del terapeuta sistémico y la terapia el encuentro que posibilita el cambio.

Below are some ideas and reflections raised as a result of the team work carried out during the course of couple therapy in the process of training as specialists in family therapy at the Universidad Católica Luis Amigo. Initially, some historical data and ideas about the way in which socio-cultural changes have changed relationships are presented, contributing to the consolidation of new ways of being a couple. We analyze the characteristics of this dyad and the place of love in its conformation, in the light of new understandings of the dynamics of the contemporary world and the current problems. Concluding this tour, the validity and importance of systemic therapy is recognized as an alternative for the treatment of the problems of couples and describes specific issues of this intervention, highlighting in them the place of the therapist. It concludes with the idea of the couple as the product of a process of transformation that is mainstreamed by society and culture, with different nuances and ways of being, which, while being constant, maintain the idea of a constant as a complex interactional system in which Love, desire and passion mobilize feelings and vital emotions that simultaneously reveal the fragility and strength of the human being capable of transforming it. In this way the couple is a scenario of systemic therapist intervention and therapy the encounter that makes change possible.

Comparación del índice sacro en población pediátrica normal y en pacientes con estreñimiento, malformaciones anorrectales y reflujo vesicoureteral / Comparison of Sacral Index in Normal Pediatric Population and Patients with Constipation, Anorectal Malformations and Vesicoureteral Reflux

Objetivos: Comparar el índice sacro en población pediátrica normal y en diversos grupos de pacientes que presentan estreñimiento, malformaciones anorrectales y reflujo vesicoureteral. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal; muestra de 156 pacientes en edad pediátrica clasificados en cuatro grupos (normal, estreñimiento, reflujo vesicoureteral y malformación anorrectal). Se compararon los valores de índice sacro encontrados en proyecciones de radiografías de pelvis frontal y lateral, realizando dos mediciones. Posteriormente se compararon dichas medidas con las referencias internacionales. Resultados: Los valores promedio del índice sacro para los grupos de análisis se obtuvieron mediante análisis cuantitativo de los datos para las mediciones realizadas a las diversas proyecciones. En la población normal se obtuvieron promedios para las proyecciones frontales de 0,7022 y 0,7087, y en las laterales, de 0,7257 y 0,7370. Para pacientes con estreñimiento el valor promedio en proyecciones frontales fue de 0,714 y 0,7239, y en las laterales, de 0,757 y 0,796. En pacientes con reflujo vesicoureteral las proyecciones frontales mostraron medias de 0,7117 y 0,7264, y en proyección lateral, de 0,9708 y 0,9085. Para malformaciones anorrectales los promedios fueron de 0,4618 y 0,4763, siendo más bajos cuando los pacientes presentaban malformaciones anorrectales de tipo alto (0,2893 y 0,3121). Conclusión: El índice sacro en pacientes con reflujo vesicoureteral y estreñimiento no mostró variaciones significativas respecto a lo encontrado en la población pediátrica normal. En el grupo de malformaciones anorrectales, el promedio estuvo por debajo de los restantes grupos, con medidas inferiores para el subgrupo de malformaciones altas

Objective: To compare the sacral index in a normal pediatric population and in several groups of patients with constipation, anorectal malformations, and vesicoureteral reflux. Methods: This is a descriptive and longitudinal study that included a sample of 156 pediatric patients who were classified into four groups (normal, constipation, vesicoureteral reflux and anorectal malformation). Sacral index values were compared in two projections: frontal and lateral radiographs of the pelvis, obtaining two measurements. Then, these measurements were compared with international references. Results: The average values of the sacral index for the analysis groups were obtained through quantitative analysis of data for measurements at different projections. In the normal population, the acquired averages for the frontal projections were 0.7022 and 0.7087, and on the lateral view were 0.7257 and 0.7370; for patients with constipation the average value was 0.714 on the frontal projections and 0.7239, and on the lateral views were 0.757 and 0.796. In patients with vesicoureteral reflux, frontal projections showed averages of 0.7117 and 0.7264, and the value on the lateral projection of 0.9708 to 0.9085; for anorectal malformations averages were 0.4618 and 0.4763, being lower when patients had high-type anorectal malformations (0.2893 and 0.3121). Conclusion: The sacral index in patients with vesicoureteral reflux and constipation did not show significant variation compared to the values obtained in the normal pediatric population. In the group with anorectal malformations, these values were below the average when compared with the other groups, with lower measurements in the subgroup of high malformations.

Relación entre la composición química y la actividad antioxidante del aceite esencial de Ocimum basilicum L. cultivado bajo diferentes tratamientos de fertilizante / Relationship between the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. grown under different fertilizer treatments

Introducción: la albahaca, Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae), es originaria del Asia meridional, principalmente de la India. Esta planta es conocida por sus propiedades medicinales. El aceite esencial es utilizado para el tratamiento de la depresión y otros problemas neurológicos, es considerada como una especie promisoria en cuanto al aprovechamiento industrial de su aceite esencial. Objetivos: determinar las variaciones en el rendimiento, la composición química y actividad antioxidante del aceite esencial de Ocimum basilicum L., cultivada bajo distintos tratamientos de fertilizante. Métodos: plantas de Ocimum basilicum L. se cultivaron bajo 3 tratamientos de fertilización diferentes. Un grupo control sin fuente orgánica o inorgánica, y 2 con diferentes concentraciones de fuente orgánica pero con la misma de inorgánica. El aceite esencial de las plantas adultas se obtuvo mediante destilación por arrastre con vapor y su composición química se determinó por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. La actividad antioxidante del aceite se midió usando el ensayo de 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazilo. Las comparaciones entre medias de diferentes grupos se hicieron utilizando ANOVA. Resultados: el rendimiento del aceite esencial no fue influenciado por el tratamiento con fertilizantes, este presentó alta proporción de compuestos aromáticos (estragol y eugenol) y monoterpenos oxigenados (linalool y eucaliptol). Hubo variación significativa en el contenido de eugenol y en la actividad antioxidante del aceite esencial de acuerdo con el tratamiento de fertilización. Conclusiones: de acuerdo con la composición química, el aceite esencial de Ocimum basilicum es clasificado como de quimiotipo egipcio. Su actividad antioxidante in vitro hace de esta planta una fuente interesante para su aplicación como antioxidante natural, en particular, cuando es cultivada sin aplicación de fertilizante.

Introduction: Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) known as albahace, is native from southern Asia, mainly from India.This plant is known for its medicinal properties. The essential oil is used to treat depression and other neurological problems, being considered as a promising species in terms of the industrial utilization of that oil. Objectives: to determine variations in yield, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L., grown under distinct fertilizer treatments. Methods: Ocimum basilicumL. plants were grown under three different fertilizer treatments. A control group without organic or inorganic source, and two groups with different concentrations of organic sources but with the same concentration of inorganic source. The essential oil of adult plants was obtained The steam distillation served to obtain the adult plant's essential oil and the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry method determined its chemical composition. The antioxidant activity was measured using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhydrazil assay. The comparisons of the means of the three groups were made with ANOVA. Results: the yield of the essential oil was not influenced by the fertilizer treatment. It showed high proportion of aromatic compounds (estragole and eugenol) and oxygenated monoterpenes (linalool and eucalyptol). There was significant variation in the content of eugenol and in the antioxidant activity according to the fertilizer treatment. Conclusions: according to the chemical composition, the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum is classified as the Egyptian chemotype. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil makes this plant an interesting natural antioxidant, in particular, when it is grown without fertilizer.

Tumor inflamatorio de Pott: una complicación rara de la sinusitis frontal / Pott’s puffy tumour: an unusual complication of sinusitis

El tumor inflamatorio de Pott es una complicación rara de la sinusitis frontal. Se trata de una osteomielitis del seno frontal con formación de un absceso subgaleal. La concentración puede extenderse intracranealmente y ocasionar meningitis, empiema, absceso cerebral o trombosis de senos venosos. En este artículo se presenta el caso de un niño que consultó por cefalea y edema facial progresivo. Se le realizó una tomografía computarizada de los senos paranasales que mostró los hallazgos típicos de un tumor inflamatorio de Pott.

Sarcoma embrionario hepático: reporte de un caso / Embryonal sarcoma of the liver: case report

El sarcoma embrionario hepático ocupa el tercer lugar en frecuencia de aparición entre los tumores hepáticos primarios de la edad pediátrica. Su presentación clínica es inespecífica y su apariencia en imágenes es una lesión sólida con componente quístico. Aunque es necesaria la confirmación histológica, el manejo inicial se orienta con base en los hallazgos de las imágenes. En este artículo se presenta el caso de una niña de 9 años de edad con este diagnóstico y se describen las principales características clínicas, histológicas y de imagen.

Embryonal hepatic sarcoma occupies the third place in frequency among hepatic tumors in the pediatric population. Its clinical symptoms are usually non specific, and its appearance in diagnostic images is of a solid mass with a cystic component. Even though a histological confirmation is necessary, the initial management is oriented based on the imaging findings. This article presents a case report of a 9 year old girl with the diagnosis of an embryonal hepatic sarcoma; a description is done of the main clinical, histological and imaging characteristics.

Absceso tubo-ovárico de origen tuberculoso en el paciente pediátrico: reporte de un caso / Tubo-ovarian abscess of tuberculous origin in the pediatric patient: a case report

En este artículo se reporta un caso de un absceso tubo-ovárico bilateral de origen tuberculoso en una adolescente de 13 años de edad. este caso es relevante, ya que la tuberculosis pélvica una manifestación infrecuente de la enfermedad en niños. su diagnóstico no es fácil, debido a que esta entidad puede semejar clínica y radiológicamente un tumor ovárico y cursar con aumento de las concentraciones de antígeno cancerígeno 125 en ausencia de malignidad. los factores epidemiológicos, la resonancia magnética y la tomografía computada pueden ser útiles en su diferenciación. se debe considerar absceso tubo-ovárico en toda paciente con dolor abdominal y masa anexial, independientemente de su actividad sexual.

Piomiositis: presentación de un caso / Pyomyositis: a case presentation

La piomiositis es una rara infección bacteriana, caracterizada por la formación de abscesos en el músculo estriado. el estafilococo aureus es el germen más frecuentemente cultivado, aunque se han reportado otros patógenos. Puede ser caracterizada como unifocal o multifocal y primaria o secundaria de acuerdo a su fisiopatología. Evoluciona de forma lenta y gradual, por lo que requiere un gran índice de sospecha clínica y el apoyo de imágenes para su diagnóstico precoz. En este artículo se presenta el caso de una niña con piomiositis multifocal y se realiza una revisión de la literatura.

Pseudotumor hemofílico / Hemophilic pseudotumor

Se describe el caso de un paciente con antecedente de hemofilia quien desarrolla un pseudotumor —después de un traumatismo— que afecta el calcáneo del lado derecho. El pseudotumor es una complicación infrecuente de la hemofilia, que tiene hallazgos característicos en imagenología, pero que puede confundirse con diferentes tipos de patologías tanto tumorales como inflamatorias. Se describen las características de esta clase de lesión en los diferentes tipos de imágenes diagnósticas.

Tumor de células gigantes: una revisión de 56 casos Instituto Nacional de Cancerología Enero de 1980-Diciembre de 1980

Se describen 56 pacientes con Tumor de Células Gigantes en Hueso, diagnosticados en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, durante 11 años. La edad de presentanción fue en promedio de 35.02 años. Con una relación de mujeres a hombres de 1.4 a 1. El síntoma más frecuente fue dolor y el signo más frecuente, la masa, La imagen radiológica en huesos largos es bastante caracteristica, siendo en la mayoría de los casos epifisiario, con una patrón destructivo del tipo geográfico y presencia de trabéculas en su interior. Los sitios anatómicos más frecuentemente comprometidos fueron el extremo superior de la tibia y el extremo inferior del fémur. En huesos planos se presentaron casos en la columna y en la pelvis. Aunque el patrón radiológico no es carcaterístico, es una lesión que se debe tener en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial. Se presentaron 2 casos de TCG malignos