[Interleukin levels in umbilical cord blood: relationship with a family history of allergic disease]. / Niveles de interleucinas en sangre de cordón: relación con antecedentes familiares de enfermedad alérgica.

BACKGROUND: The development of allergic pathology takes place as result of an alteration of the immunity and alteration of the corporal mechanism of protection, giving rise to an erroneous answer or exaggerated forehead to innocuous antigens, that it generates clinical symptoms with cutaneous, digestive or respiratory manifestations. The frequency and distribution of this process have undergone an increase from the 1970, which causes that a greater interest in the knowledge of the mechanisms exists that produce this clinic. The answer by immunoglobulin E is regulated by the answer of lymphocytes T-helper-1 represented by interleukin 2 and gamma-interferon that inhibits their production, and the answer of lymphocytes T-helper-2 formed by interleukin 4, interleukin 10 and interleukin 13 that stimulate the production of immunoglobulin E. METHODS AND RESULTS: A study of cases and controls with a sample of 70 appears new born considering antecedent relatives of first degree of allergic disease (47 no, 23 yes). Values in umbilical cord blood were moderate of interleukins 4, 10, 13 and gamma-interferon (kit CLB, and method ELISA). Values for interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 have not been obtained. One has been greater values of interleukin 10 in children of mother or brother affection (mother affects IL 10 = 48.7 pg/ml, in front of mother does not affect IL 10 = 31.62 pg/ml, p = 0.081, no signification), (brother affection IL 10 = 72.8 pg/ml, in front of brother no affection IL 10 = 32.31 pg/ml, p = 0.0062, is significant). Difference for gamma-interferon was not obtained. CONCLUSIONS: As it has already been shown in other studies, interleukin 10 increases in cord blood in children whose mother is the one who presents the disease. It emphasizes the increase of interleukin 10 in blood of umbilical cord of children with brother affection of allergic disease. Still it is left much to do and by means of later pursuit it is hoped to obtain interest results.

Niveles de interleucinas en sangre de cordón: relación con antecedentes familiares de enfermedad alérgica / Interlukin levels in umbilical cord blood: relationship with a family history of allergic disease

Introducción: El desarrollo de patología alérgica se produce como consecuencia de una alteración de la inmunidad natural, y una alteración de los mecanismos de protección corporales, dando lugar a una respuesta errónea o exagerada frente a antígenos normalmente inocuos, que genera cuadros clínicos con manifestaciones cutáneas, digestivas y/o respiratorias. Es una respuesta mediada por inmunoglobulina E. La frecuencia y distribución de este proceso ha sufrido un incremento desde la década de 1970, lo que hace que exista un mayor interés en el conocimiento de los mecanismos que producen esta clínica. La mediación por inmunoglobulina E está regulada por la respuesta de linfocitos Th 1 representada por la interleucina 2 y el gamma interferón que inhiben su producción, y la respuesta de linfocitos Th 2 configurada por la interleucina 4, interleucina 10 e interleucina 13 que estimulan la producción de inmunoglobulina E. Material y métodos: Se presenta un estudio de casos y controles con una muestra de 70 recién nacidos considerando antecedentes familiares de primer grado de enfermedad alérgica (47 no, 23 sí). Se miden valores en sangre de cordón de interleucinas 4, 10, 13 e interferon gamma (kits CLB y método ELISA). Resultados: No se han obtenido valores para interleucina 4 y 13. Se ha visto mayores valores de interleucina 10 en hijos de madre o hermano afecto (madre afecta IL 10 = 48,7 pg/ml, frente a madre no afecta IL 10 = 31,62 pg/ml, p = 0,081, no significativo), (hermano afecto IL 10 = 72,8 pg/ml, frente a hermano no afecto IL 10 = 32,31, p = 0,0062, significativo). No se obtiene diferencia para interferon gamma. Discusión: Como ya se ha puesto de manifiesto en otros estudios, la interleucina 10 aumenta en sangre de cordón en niños cuya madre es la que presenta la enfermedad. Destaca el aumento de interleucina 10 en sangre de cordón de niños con hermano afecto de enfermedad alérgica. Todavía queda mucho por hacer, y mediante seguimiento posterior se espera obtener resultados de interés

Background: The development of allergic pathology takes place as result of an alteration of the immunity and alteration of the corporal mechanism of protection, giving rise to an erroneous answer or exaggerated forehead to innocuous antigens, that it generates clinical symptoms with cutaneous, digestive or respiratory manifestations. The frequency and distribution of this process have undergone an increase from the 1970, which causes that a greater interest in the knowledge of the mechanisms exists that produce this clinic. The answer by inmunoglobulin E is regulated by the answer of lymphocytes T-helper-1 represented by interleukin 2 and gamma-interferon that inhibits their production, and the answer of lymphocytes T-helper-2 formed by interleukin 4, interleukin 10 and interleukin 13 that stimulate the production of inmunoglobulin E. Methods and results: A study of cases and controls with a sample of 70 appears new born considering antecedent relatives of first degree of allergic disease (47 no, 23 yes). Values in umbilical cord blood were moderate of interleukins 4, 10, 13 and gamma-interferon (kit CLB, and method ELISA). Values for interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 have not been obtained. One has been greater values of interleukin 10 in children of mother or brother affection (mother affects IL 10 = 48.7 pg/ml, in front of mother does not affect IL 10 = 31.62 pg/ml, p = 0.081, no signification), (brother affection IL 10 = 72.8 pg/ml, in front of brother no affection IL 10 = 32.31 pg/ml, p = 0.0062, is significant). Difference for gamma-interferon was not obtained. Conclusions: As it has already been shown in other studies, interleukin 10 increases in cord blood in children whose mother is the one who presents the disease. It emphasizes the increase of interleukin 10 in blood of umbilical cord of children with brother affection of allergic disease. Still it is left much to do and by means of later pursuit it is hoped to obtain interest results

[Quality control dose calibrators]. / Control de calidad de activímetros.

We have reviewed the legislation about the quality control of dose calibrator. The importance of verifying the correct work of these instruments, is fundamental in daily practice of radiopharmacy and nuclear medicine. The Spanish legislation establishes to include these controls as part of the quality control of radiopharmaceuticals, and the program of quality assurance in nuclear medicine. We have reviewed guides and protocols from international eminent organizations, summarizing the recommended tests and periodicity of them.

Control de calidad de activímetros / Quality control of dose calibrators

Hemos realizado una revisión del control de calidad de activímetros, debido a la importancia de verificar el correcto funcionamiento de estos instrumentos, importantes en la práctica diaria de la radiofarmacia y la medicina nuclear. La normativa española establece la necesidad de incluir estos controles como parte del control de calidad de radiofármacos y del programa de garantía de calidad de medicina nuclear. En el trabajo hemos revisado diferentes guías y protocolos de organismos internacionales de reconocido prestigio, apuntando las principales pruebas que se deben realizar y la periodicidad aconsejada (AU)

We have reviewed the legislation about the quality control of dose calibrator. The importance of verifying the correct work of these instruments, is fundamental in daily practice of radiopharmacy and nuclear medicine. The Spanish legislation establishes to include these controls as part of the quality control of radiopharmaceuticals, and the program of quality assurance in nuclear medicine. We have reviewed guides and protocols from international eminent organizations, summarizing the recommended tests and periodicity of them (AU)