Social determinants of depression in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic scoping review.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) influence inequities in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). While these inequities contribute to overall disease experience, there is little consensus guiding our understanding of the psychological implications of SDOH in SLE. Given the paucity of evidence in this area, the aim of this scoping review was to systematically assess the volume and features of available research literature on associations of SDOH with depression in SLE over the past 20 years, from 1 January 2000 to 16 November 2021. We developed a search strategy for PubMed and EMBASE that included keywords for depression and lupus. After screening 2188 articles, we identified 22 original articles that met our inclusion criteria. At least one SDOH was associated with depression in two of the six studies with unadjusted estimates and 13 of the 16 studies with adjusted estimates. Results provide consistent but sparse evidence that SDOH are associated with depression in SLE. Additionally, depression epidemiology in SLE may differ from the general population such that depression risk is more similar across genders and racial/ethnic groups. More work is needed to identify the SDOH that have the greatest impact on depression and mental health among SLE patients, as well as how and when to intervene.

Correlation of Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire and Quantitative Sensory Testing Among Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) commonly demonstrate disordered pain processing associated with high pain sensitization. Pain sensitization is often assessed using quantitative sensory testing (QST), which is burdensome to patients. The self-administered Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ) has been proposed as a low-burden, surrogate measure of central pain sensitization. We examined the correlation between FSQ and QST in patients with active RA. METHODS: Participants in the Central Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis (CPIRA) cohort underwent FSQ and QST evaluation at enrollment. QST measures included pressure pain threshold (PPT) at the thumb, trapezius, wrist, and knee; temporal summation (TS) at the wrist and arm; and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Partial Spearman correlation between FSQ and each QST measure was assessed, adjusted for demographic factors, study site, disease characteristics, and pain catastrophizing. Sensitivity analyses included (1) stratified analysis by sex and (2) evaluation of how each component of FSQ associates with the QST measures. RESULTS: Among 285 participants with active RA, FSQ was weakly but statistically significantly correlated with PPT (r range = -0.31 to -0.21), and TS (r range = 0.13-0.15) at all sites in unadjusted analyses. After adjustment, statistically significant correlations persisted for TS at the wrist and PPT at all sites (except the thumb). Sensitivity analyses did not identify differences in association based on sex or with individual FSQ components. CONCLUSION: FSQ and QST were correlated among participants with active RA, but the strength of association was weak. QST and FSQ are not interchangeable measures of pain sensitization.

Fibromyalgianess and glucocorticoid persistence among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES: Over one-third of patients with RA exhibit evidence of fibromyalgianess, which is associated with higher rates of disability and inadequate responsiveness to RA treatment. Patients with RA often remain on glucocorticoids long-term, despite the known risk of dose-dependent morbidity. We undertook this study to examine the relationship between fibromyalgianess and glucocorticoid persistence among RA patients. METHODS: We followed participants with active RA on oral prednisone for ∼3 months after initiating a new DMARD. Fibromyalgianess was measured using the Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ), previously shown to correlate with key FM features often superimposed upon RA. Severity of fibromyalgianess was stratified as follows: FSQ <8 low, FSQ 8-10 moderate and FSQ >10 high/very high. The association between baseline fibromyalgianess and glucocorticoid persistence, defined as prednisone use at 3-month follow-up visit after DMARD initiation, was assessed using multiple logistic regression adjusted for baseline demographics, RA duration, serostatus and inflammatory activity assessed using swollen joint count and CRP. RESULTS: Of the 97 participants on prednisone at baseline, 65% were still taking prednisone at follow-up. Fifty-seven percent of participants with low baseline fibromyalgianess had persistent glucocorticoid use, compared with 84% of participants with high or very high fibromyalgianess. After adjustment for non-inflammatory factors and inflammatory activity, participants with high/very high baseline fibromyalgianess were more likely to be taking prednisone at follow-up relative to those with low fibromyalgianess [odds ratio 4.99 (95% CI 1.20, 20.73)]. CONCLUSION: High fibromyalgianess is associated with persistent glucocorticoid use, independent of inflammatory activity.

Glucocorticoid and opioid use in rheumatoid arthritis management.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Glucocorticoids and opioids are longstanding, common treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms. High-quality clinical trials have established that glucocorticoids improve outcomes in RA, but debate continues as to whether their benefits outweigh their risks. We reviewed recent studies on patterns of glucocorticoid and opioid prescribing in RA, and associated harms. RECENT FINDINGS: At present, a large proportion of RA patients remain on glucocorticoids and/or opioids long-term. Likelihood and risk of both glucocorticoid and opioid exposure vary across the population, and are influenced by provider factors. Opioids are also associated with delays in disease-modifying treatment initiation. Recent evidence increasingly demonstrates toxicity associated with even low-dose glucocorticoids (≤7.5 mg/day). Up to two-thirds of RA patients may be able to discontinue chronic low-dose glucocorticoids without flare or adrenal insufficiency. These new data have led to changes in clinical practice guidelines for glucocorticoid use in RA. SUMMARY: Although low-dose and short-term glucocorticoid use is extremely common and effective in RA management, increasing evidence of toxicity has led experts to begin recommending that such exposure be minimized. Despite a lack of data to suggest opioids improve RA disease activity, they are used commonly, continued long-term, and associated with delayed effective therapy.