ABSTRACT
The history of Cowper Gland is described. Next the clinical, radiological and endoscopical findings in 172 patients (age 18 to 82) are evaluated with regard to the importance of these alterations in clinical practice. There was no tumor. In three cases, only the bulbourethral gland showed inflammation. Out of 169 syringoceles 9 were closed (3 perineal, 6 bulbar). Only one case of the urethral (bulbar) type of closed syringocele showed obstruction. There were 56 patients with various forms of dilatation and opening into the urethra. Only one case showed obstruction. Thirty-one out of 104 patients with so-called simple syringocele had mild dilatation of the duct, mainly normal gland and mild symptoms. Alterations of the urethral wall as well as clinical symptoms were noted in the remaining 73 men with irregular ducts and alterations of the gland; all of them had local urethral signs; in 42 there were extensive urethral strictures.
Subject(s)
Bulbourethral Glands , Urethral Diseases/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cysts/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Endoscopy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , UrographyABSTRACT
The response rates in metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) after chemotherapy, hormonal treatment, or immunotherapy rarely exceed 15%. Recently, interferon alpha (IFN alpha) was used for treatment of this disease in several studies which also demonstrated response rates of 15%. In order to test whether IFN therapy combined with hormones would result in higher response rates we compared single agent IFN therapy with a combined therapy of rIFN alpha 2C plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in a randomized multicenter trial. The rIFN alpha 2C (2MU) was given s.c. 5 times per week for 8-12 weeks and subsequently once weekly until week 48. In the combined treatment, 750 mg MPA was given p.o. daily until week 48 in addition to the IFN as described. The overall response rate in 93 evaluable patients was 5.4% corresponding to 2 complete and 3 partial responses. Median survival was 7 months in both treatment groups. These data confirm the ineffectivity of low IFN doses for treatment of RCC. The low response rate is not increased by addition of MPA to IFN. The analysis of other IFN studies suggests that not only IFN doses but also IFN sources may influence response rates in metastatic RCC.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy , Interferon Type I/therapeutic use , Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy , Medroxyprogesterone/analogs & derivatives , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality , Clinical Trials as Topic , Female , Humans , Interferon Type I/administration & dosage , Interferon Type I/adverse effects , Kidney Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Medroxyprogesterone/administration & dosage , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Random Allocation , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Special diagnostic and therapeutic methods for changes affecting the urodynamics of the urogenital tract are reported from the urological point of view. First of all the causal connection between disorders of drainage and urinary infection are referred to. Then the special methods of investigation to clarify these urodynamically active urethral changes are mentioned. The radiological visualization of the urethra during miction and the retrograde introduction of contrast media are particularly stressed. In connection with this the endoscopic verification of these pathological changes is emphasized. A number of very demonstrative pathological changes in the region of the entire subvesicular urinary tract are demonstrated both by X-ray and uroscopic pictures. Finally the therapeutic possibilities are reviewed in relation to the findings.
Subject(s)
Urethral Stricture/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Endoscopy , Humans , Male , Urethra/surgery , Urethral Stricture/therapy , Urinary Catheterization , Urination Disorders/etiology , Urography/methodsABSTRACT
A case report of a 30-year-old man with both vasa deferentia draining into a large right seminal vesicle cyst, with an ectopic ureter opening into the left seminal vesicle and associated with agenesis of the corresponding kidney. A similar case has not been previously reported in the world literature. Preoperative studies, surgical approach, pathological findings and the embryological explanation of the malformation is discussed.
Subject(s)
Urogenital Abnormalities , Wolffian Ducts , Abnormalities, Multiple/embryology , Abnormalities, Multiple/surgery , Adult , Humans , Male , Seminal Vesicles/abnormalities , Ureter/abnormalities , Urogenital System/embryology , Vas Deferens/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
This paper is a survey of the literature concerning diseases of the bladder neck, posterior urethra and the urogenital border region. Urethrographic, uroflowmetric and urethrocystoscopic examinations of more than 200 patients ranging in age from one day to over 70 years demonstrated a clear-cut bulbular urethral constricture in this broad-spectrum disease picture. Its a congenital appearance is explained embryologically. A case analysis allows for classification based on the functional value of the urethral constricture. Diseases of as yet unexplained etiology such as Marion's disease, bladder neck sclerosis, urethral valves and chronic prostatitis-prostatopathy are clarified, based on the demonstrated urodynamics.
