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1.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 7(2): 84-87, ago. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-716563

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hepatitis alcohólica corresponde a un daño inflamatorio agudo sobre un hígado progresivamente dañado por la ingesta excesiva y prolongada de alcohol. Puede presentar ictericia, manifestaciones de alcoholismo crónico e insuficiencia hepática progresiva. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Varón de 60años con antecedentes de daño hepático crónico secundario a alcoholismo activo, que presentó cuadro de dos semanas de ictericia progresiva, prurito y bradipsiquia, asociado a leucocitosis, hiperbilirrubinemia, y elevación discreta de transaminasas, con predominio de GOT sobre GPT. Hemocultivos, urocultivo y serologías para virus hepatotropos fueron negativos. La ecografía abdominal mostró signos de hepatopatía crónica, sin dilatación de vía biliar. Con una función discriminante de Maddrey de 106 puntos se inició pentoxifilina, evolucionando tórpidamente. Se agregó prednisona durante siete días; se obtiene una puntuación de Lille de 0,99 (no respondedor), suspendiendo los corticoides. Progresó la insuficiencia hepática, con posterior insuficiencia renal aguda, acidosis metabólica, trastornos hidroelectrolíticos y fallecimiento al mes de evolución. DISCUSIÓN: La hepatitis alcohólica posee alta mortalidad. Existen múltiples escalas pronósticas. Los corticoides están indicados en casos severos, sin embargo hasta un 40 por ciento se catalogan como no respondedores. Se requieren nuevos tratamientos para mejorar la supervivencia de estos pacientes.


INTRODUCTION: Alcoholic hepatitis constitutes an acute inflammatory episode due to prolonged alcohol abuse on a previously damaged liver. Clinical features include jaundice, signs of chronic alcoholism and progressive liver failure. CASE REPORT: A 60-yearold male with a history of cirrhosis due to ongoing excessive intake of alcohol presented a two week history of progressive jaundice, pruritus, and bradypsychia. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia and a mild elevation of liver enzymes (GOT over GPT). Blood and urine cultures as well as serological markers for viral hepatitis were negative. Abdominal ultrasound showed signs of chronic liver disease, with no bile duct dilatation. A modified Maddrey’s discriminant function of 106 was determinant on starting therapy with pentoxifyline. However, patient’s status deteriorated. Prednisone was added to the treatment but seven days later, the patient was categorized as a non-responder (Lille score of 0.99), so the glucocorticoids were suspended. The patient’s liver failure progressed, after which renal failure, metabolic acidosis and electrolytic abnormalities developed; that led to his death after one month from admission. DISCUSSION: Alcoholic hepatitis requires prompt diagnosis and treatment, due to its high death rate. There are various prognostic scales available, one of which is the modified Maddrey’s discriminant function. The fundamental therapeutic measure is the use of intravenous glucocorticoids; yet up to 40 percent of patients qualify as non-responders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/pathology , Fatal Outcome , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/drug therapy , Hyperbilirubinemia/etiology , Jaundice/etiology , Renal Insufficiency
2.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 84(3): 308-312, jun. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-687188

ABSTRACT

La fusión esplenogonadal es una variación anatómica infrecuente, con un pequeño número de reportes en la literatura. La estrecha relación entre el bazo y la gónada primitiva izquierda en un momento del desarrollo embrionario logra explicar la existencia de este fenómeno. Objetivo: Comunicar el primer reporte en la literatura nacional de fusión esplenogonadal. Caso clínico: Preescolar de 2 años 10 meses que consultó por aumento de volumen silente en testículo izquierdo estudiado mediante ecografía, la cual reveló una masa hipervascular en su polo superior. Se decidió su exploración quirúrgica donde se apreció una estructura sólida, bien adherida al teste, de superficie similar a la del hígado. Fue resecada y enviada a biopsia rápida la cual se informó como un tejido esplénico benigno. Discusión: La literatura revisada describe los aspectos más importantes de ésta entidad, su desarrollo embrionario, clasificación, presentación clínica, métodos diagnósticos y tratamiento. El conocimiento de esta condición por parte del equipo médico y su inclusión en el diagnóstico diferencial de masa testicular, permite tomar medidas diagnósticas en el intraoperatorio para un tratamiento conservador. Una vez establecido el diagnóstico, habitualmente en el intraoperatorio, es suficiente la enucleación completa del tejido esplénico, evitando orquiectomías innecesarias.


The splenogonadal fusion is a rare anatomical variation, with only a few reports in the literature. The close relationship between the spleen and the primitive left gonad in a specific moment of the embryonic development could explain this phenomenon. Objective: To point out the clinical presentation and treatment of this condition, through the first case published in our country. Clinical case: We report the case of a male child, 2 years 10-month-old, who consulted for silent swelling of the left testis, which Doppler ultrasound study revealed a hypervascular, polar mass. A surgical exploration was performed, and a solid, adherent, liver-like structure was observed over the testicle. The intraoperatory biopsy was informed as benign splenic tissue. Conclusion: The reviewed articles describe important information about the development, classification, presentation and management of this condition. The knowledge and inclusion of this condition in the differential diagnosis of pediatric testicular masses allows the medical team to choose for conservative therapeutic measures. Once the diagnosis is established, often intraoperatively, a complete resection of the splenic tissue is enough for these patients, avoiding an unnecessary orchiectomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Spleen/abnormalities , Spleen/surgery , Testis/abnormalities , Testis/surgery
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(5): 659-663, mayo 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-684374

ABSTRACT

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (also known as Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease) is an uncommon, benign and self-limiting lymph disease. We report three patients aged 14, 22 and 50 years, who presented with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy, accompanied by skin lesions and joint pain in two of the three cases. One of the patient's sister suffered from histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. Laboratory abnormalities varied and findings included leucopenia, relative neutrophilia, elevated C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and ferritin. Basic laboratory screening tests were performed on all patients to rule out autoimmune and infectious diseases. Lymph node biopsy and subsequent pathological examination were essential to establish the diagnosis. All patients received antibiotics at some point of their hospital stay. Two patients required glucocorticoid treatment, while the remaining case experienced a spontaneous recovery. Its pathogenesis is still unknown, but clinical and histopathological studies suggest a connection with autoimmune diseases. There is no established treatment, but apparently the disease responds to the administration of glucocorticoids.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis/diagnosis
4.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 5(2): 109-111, dic. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-640064

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Flegmasía Cerúlea Dolens es una variante de la trombosis venosa profunda. La presentación clínica incluye edema, dolor y cianosis del miembro comprometido. Son múltiples los factores gatillantes, dentro de los cuales está el uso de anticoncepción oral y patología maligna, entre otros. La obstrucción severa del sistema iliofemoral determina un aumento de la presión de los compartimentos de la extremidad, que finalmente compromete la circulación arterial. La gravedad del cuadro radica en la posibilidad de pérdida de la extremidad e incluso la muerte. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Paciente mujer de 29 años. Consulta en servicio de urgencia del Hospital Parroquial de San Bernardo por cuadro de 30 minutos de evolución caracterizado por dolor, aumento de volumen y coloración violácea del miembro inferior izquierdo. Al ingreso se constata impotencia funcional, pulsos distales disminuidos y saturación de 70 por ciento en dicha extremidad. Se inicia anticoagulación endovenosa y se realiza ecotomografía Doppler que muestra signos sugerentes de trombosis venosa. Se realiza cirugía de urgencia. Evoluciona con disminución de la sintomatología. Es dada de alta en buenas condiciones con terapia anticoagulante oral. DISCUSIÓN: Frente a la sospecha clínica de flegmasía cerúlea dolens, resulta esencial el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz, con el objetivo de salvar la extremidad y vida del paciente. Cabe destacar la importancia de exámenes complementarios como el uso de la ultrasonografía. El tratamiento debe ser agresivo, aunque aún la terapia de elección es motivo de controversia.


INTRODUCTION: Phlegmasia cerulean dolens is a variant of deep vein thrombosis. The clinical presentation includes edema, pain and cyanosis of the member involved. There are many triggering factors which includes oral contraceptive use and malignancy, among others. Severe obstruction of the iliofemoral system leads to an increase of pressure of the limb’s compartments that ultimately compromises the arterial circulation. Severity lies in the possibility of limb loss and even death. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 29 years old. Patient asks in emergency room of Hospital Parroquial de San Bernardo because of limb’s pain, swelling and purplish coloration, with 30 minutes of evolution. At the ingress it is found functional impotence, diminished distal pulses and saturation of 70 percent on the limb. Intravenous anticoagulation is initiated and Doppler ultrasonography is performed, showing suggestive signs of venous thrombosis. Emergency surgery is done, evolving with a decrease of symptoms. The patient was discharged in good conditions with oral anticoagulation therapy. DISCUSSION: When phlegmasia cerulean dolens is suspected, it is essential an early diagnosis and treatment, in order to save patient’s limb and life. We must emphasize the importance of complementary tests such as ultrasound. Treatment must be aggressive, although the therapy of choice is controversial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Thrombophlebitis/diagnosis , Thrombophlebitis/therapy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Thrombectomy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Thrombosis/diagnosis , Thrombosis/therapy
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