ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The current health-care philosophy dictates that new therapies should always be evaluated for their economic impact. Along with acquisition cost, the cost of delivery, monitoring, adverse effects and treatment failure must also be considered when determining the total cost of therapy. These auxiliary costs can be significant and greatly alter the overall cost of a drug treatment. We conducted a prospective randomized study to evaluate the efficacy, safety and cost of vancomycin and teicoplanin therapy in patients with neutropenia, after the failure of empirical treatment with a combination of piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin. DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventy-six febrile episodes from 66 patients with hematologic malignancies under treatment, neutropenia (neutrophils <500/mm3) and fever (38 degrees C twice or 38.5 degrees C once) resistant to the combination piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin were included in the study. RESULTS: Primary success of second-line therapy was obtained in 35 cases (46%) with no significant difference between vancomycin (17/38) and teicoplanin arms (18/38). No difference in renal or hepatic toxicity related to the antibiotic therapy was observed. The average cost per patient according to glycopeptide used was $450+/-180 for the teicoplanin group and $473+/-347 for the vancomycin group. Interestingly, in the teicoplanin arm, drug acquisition accounted for 97% of the total cost, while in the vancomycin arm administration and monitoring play an important role in overall costs. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our pharmacoeconomic analysis demonstrates that teicoplanin and vancomycin can be administered in neutropenic hematologic patients with similar efficacy and direct costs.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics , Bacterial Infections/economics , Neutropenia/complications , Teicoplanin/economics , Vancomycin/economics , Amikacin/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/blood , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/etiology , Blood Chemical Analysis/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Drug Costs , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Drug Therapy, Combination/therapeutic use , Female , Hematologic Neoplasms/complications , Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neutropenia/chemically induced , Penicillanic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Penicillanic Acid/therapeutic use , Piperacillin/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Safety , Tazobactam , Teicoplanin/adverse effects , Teicoplanin/therapeutic use , Treatment Failure , Vancomycin/adverse effects , Vancomycin/blood , Vancomycin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Toxoplasmosis, one of the most common central nervous system lesions in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has not been reported as a solitary lesion in the brainstem. This report describes a patient with AIDS that presented with third cranial nerve palsy and contralateral cerebellar signs, who at autopsy had a necrotic midbrain lesion due to toxoplasma. Inferior olivary hypertrophy, due to interruption of olivary afferent fibers by the lesion, in addition to subacute encephalitis and vacuolar myelopathy were other CNS findings.
