ABSTRACT
Three different methods to assess haemoglobin A2 concentration (microchromatography and cellulose acetate electrophoresis with further elution of the bands or measured by densitometry) were compared among them. A statistical significant difference (P less than 0.05) was found between densitometry and the other two methods. Microchromatography and the elution method showed no statistical difference between them. The most important technical aspects of each method as well as some possible error factors were also discussed.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose/methods , Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate/methods , Electrophoresis/methods , Hemoglobin A2/analysis , Hemoglobin A/analysis , Child, Preschool , Densitometry , Female , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
The behavioral effects of iron deficiency and its treatment were evaluated in a double-blind randomized controlled community-based study of 191 Costa Rican infants, 12 to 23 months of age, with various degrees of iron deficiency. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered before and both 1 week and 3 months after IM or oral administration of iron. Appropriate placebo-treated control infants were also tested. Infants with iron deficiency anemia showed significantly lower mental and motor test scores, even after considering factors relating to birth, nutrition, family background, parental IQ, and the home environment. After 1 week, neither IM nor oral iron treatments differed from placebo treatment in effects on scores. After 3 months, lower mental and motor test scores were no longer observed among iron-deficient anemic infants whose anemia and iron deficiency were both corrected (36%). However, significantly lower mental and motor test scores persisted among the majority of initially anemic infants (64%) who had more severe or chronic iron deficiency. Although no longer anemic, they still showed biochemical evidence of iron deficiency after 3 months of treatment. These persistent lower scores suggest either that iron therapy adequate for correcting anemia is insufficient to reverse behavioral and developmental disturbances in many infants or that certain ill effects are long-lasting, depending on the timing, severity, or chronicity of iron deficiency anemia in infancy.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Hypochromic/drug therapy , Child Behavior Disorders/prevention & control , Developmental Disabilities/prevention & control , Ferrous Compounds/therapeutic use , Anemia, Hypochromic/complications , Anemia, Hypochromic/physiopathology , Costa Rica , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Infant , Intelligence Tests , Male , Motor Skills/physiology , Psychomotor Performance , Random AllocationSubject(s)
Obesity/complications , Thrombosis/etiology , Adolescent , Blood Coagulation Tests , Child , Female , Humans , Lipids/blood , Male , Obesity/blood , Risk , Thyroid Function TestsSubject(s)
Blood Coagulation , Lipids/blood , Obesity/blood , Blood Coagulation Tests , Child , Disease Susceptibility , Female , Humans , Male , Obesity/complications , Platelet Aggregation , Thrombosis/etiologySubject(s)
Anemia, Aplastic/therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Anabolic Agents/therapeutic use , Anemia, Aplastic/etiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Blood Transfusion , Child , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Infant , Insecticides/poisoning , Male , Organophosphorus CompoundsABSTRACT
Se analizan 29 pacientes con anemia aplastica adquirida atendidos en el Hospital Nacional de Ninos (Costa Rica) durante el periodo de 1968-1979. En el 38% de los casos no se logro establecer posibilidad etiologica. Las manifestaciones clinicas mas frecuentes fueron palidez y sangrado anormal y en ninguno se encontro esplenomegalia. El tratamiento fue a base de anabolicos y corticosteroides, resaltando la respuesta positiva a la metenolona intramuscular en cinco de siete pacientes que no habian respondido al anabolico oral.Fallecieron 12 pacientes (41.4%) y la supervivencia proyectada a cuatro anos fue de 39.2%
Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Anemia, AplasticABSTRACT
Se analizan 222 casos de purpura trombocitopenica idiopatica (PTI) en ninos. La mayoria de ellos estuvo en edades comprendidas entre uno a seis anos. Las manifestaciones de sangrado fueron por lo regular de tipo leve o moderado, siendo poco frecuentes los sangrados severos y a nivel del sistema nervioso central. La evolucion aguda fue la mas frecuente, observada en 78% de los casos. De los 32 ninos que evolucionaron a la cronicidad, se esplenectomizaron 17; de estos, el 65% respondio favorablemente. El tratamiento con esteroides no parecio modificar la evolucion ni el pronostico de la PTI en estos ninos
Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Purpura, ThrombocytopenicSubject(s)
Antithrombin III/analysis , Infant, Newborn , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/analysis , alpha-Macroglobulins/analysis , Age Factors , Blood Coagulation Tests , Child , Female , Humans , MaleSubject(s)
Blood Coagulation Factors/analysis , Blood Coagulation Tests , Bottle Feeding , Breast Feeding , Vitamin K/analysis , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , RiskABSTRACT
Se estudiaron 41 ninos recien nacidos, a los cuales se les realizaron pruebas generales de coagulacion, asi como las tres proteinas con actividad antitrombinica: antitrombina III (AT III), alfa 2 macroglobulina y alfa 1 antitripsina, evaluandose la AT III por dos metodos diferentes: funcional e inmunologico. Los resultados mostraron que los neonatos presentaron pruebas generales de coagulacion prolongadas y que todas las actividades antitrombinicas estaban disminuidas en ellos con relacion a los valores de escolares normales. Entre los dos metodos de AT III se observo una correlacion excelente, tanto en neonatos como en escolares. Se reportan los valores normales de actividad antitrombinica total en recien nacidos, los cuales sirven de base en caso de tener que estudiar ninos pequenos con problemas tromboticos. Se piensa que a pesar de que la actividad antitrombinica total esta baja en los neonatos, la disminucion concomitante de factores de la coagulacion que se presenta en recien nacidos, hace que estos ninos no presenten fenomenos tromboticos con mucha frecuencia
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Male , Female , Antithrombin III , Blood Coagulation Tests , alpha 1-Antitrypsin , alpha-MacroglobulinsABSTRACT
In eighty nine anemic children, aged from 6 months to 13 years, the etiology of their anemia was studied: 67(75%) of the cases presented iron deficiency, 18(20%) iron and folate deficiency and 4 megaloblastic anemia (2 folate and 2 vitamin B12 deficiency). Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency showed severe pancytopenia and megaloblastic changes in bone marrow; but no morphological difference, either in circulating blood or bone marrow was found in patients with iron deficiency, compared to iron plus folate deficiency. The seric measurement of iron, folate and B12 were essential in order to establish the etiology of nutritional anemias. The majority of the children were accepted to the hospital for other causes than anemia, such as diarrhea (58%) and respiratory diseases (18%). Clinical features and the high incidence of anemia in children under two years of age are also discussed.
