The time-domain Cartesian multipole expansion of electromagnetic fields.

Time-domain solutions of Maxwell's equations in homogeneous and isotropic media are paramount to studying transient or broadband phenomena. However, analytical solutions are generally unavailable for practical applications, while numerical solutions are computationally intensive and require significant memory. Semi-analytical solutions (e.g., series expansion), such as those provided by the current theoretical framework of the multipole expansion, can be discouraging for practical case studies. This paper shows how sophisticated mathematical tools standard in modern physics can be leveraged to find semi-analytical solutions for arbitrary localized time-varying current distributions thanks to the novel time-domain Cartesian multipole expansion. We present the theory, apply it to a concrete application involving the imaging of an intricate current distribution, verify our results with an existing analytical approach, and compare the proposed method to a finite-difference time-domain numerical simulation. Thanks to the concept of current "pixels" introduced in this paper, we derive time-domain semi-analytical solutions of Maxwell's equations for arbitrary planar geometries.

Time-reversed electromagnetic fields in anisotropic media.

Electromagnetic time reversal is commonly used for field imaging and focusing. This Letter builds upon the concept of the time-reversal cavity, which constitutes the main theoretical framework of time reversal theory. We study the behavior of the fields using modern methods of mathematical physics involving Colombeau generalized functions. This approach allows for a direct expression of time-reversed electric and magnetic fields in anisotropic time-reversal-invariant and nonreciprocal media. Moreover, the results hold for any arbitrary localized source and can readily be applied beyond the dipole approximation. Finally, a general result allows the prediction of the quality of focusing of the time-reversed fields as a function of the electrical permittivity and the magnetic permeability tensors in homogeneous anisotropic media, which contributes to the understanding of time reversal in complex media such as super-resolution enabling metamaterials.

Divertículo de Meckel en asociación a onfalocele y tetralogía de Fallot: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Meckel's diverticulum in association with omphalocele and tetralogy of Fallot: Case report and literature review

El onfalocele o exónfalos se definen como un defecto congénito de la pared abdominal, que consiste en la herniación de las vísceras abdominales a través del anillo umbilical. Esta entidad rara vez se asocia a la comunicación del divertículo de Meckel con el saco del onfalocele. Teniendo en cuenta la escasa prevalencia de dicha entidad, compartimos el reporte de caso de un paciente recién nacido, con diagnóstico de onfalocele menor, en quien se sospechaba ruptura del saco, sin embargo, de manera intraoperatoria se encontró que la aparente ruptura del saco, correspondía a la comunicación con un divertículo de Meckel. El caso además se asoció con hallazgos ecocardiográficos de tetralogía de Fallot

Omphalocele or exomphalos are defined as a congenital defect of the abdominal wall, which consists of the herniation of the abdominal viscera through the umbilical ring. This entity is rarely associated with the communication of Meckel's diverticulum with the omphalocele sac. Considering the low prevalence of this entity, we report the case of a newborn with a diagnosis of minor omphalocele, in whom rupture of the sac was suspected; however, intraoperatively it was found that the apparent rupture of the sac corresponded to a communication with a Meckel's diverticulum. The case was also associated with echocardiographic findings of tetralogy of Fallot

In Situ and Step-Heating 40Ar/39Ar Dating of White Mica in Low-Temperature Shear Zones (Tenda Massif, Alpine Corsica, France).

In order to clarify the link between 40Ar/39Ar record in white mica and deformation, we performed in situ and bulkwise 40Ar/39Ar dating over the East Tenda Shear Zone (Tenda massif, Alpine Corsica). White micas from 11 samples were selected and extensively analyzed using in situ techniques across nested scales of strain-intensity gradients developed at the expense of a late-Variscan protolith. 40Ar/39Ar systematics are unaffected by inherited Ar and directly linked to deformation with little or no Ar lattice (volume) diffusion. Extensive sampling allows constraining the end of deformation related to burial and exhumation, respectively, at ~34 and ~22 Ma, bracketing the duration of regional extensional shear to ~12 Myr. Results also highlight a regional strain localization toward the upper contact of the unit with smaller-scale localization in specific lithologies, notably meta-aplites. Second-order complications exist, such as local ill-defined correlations between ages and finite-strain microstructures. Thus, the use of a strain gradient as a proxy for strain localization in time is regionally valid but sometimes locally too complex to track or resolve strain partitioning/localization trends at the meter (outcrop) scale and below. Age mixing and incomplete isotopic homogenization by dissolution/precipitation are identified as the main causes of local discrepancies that complicate the link between age and microstructure and the derivation of strain localization rates. Tracking temporal trends in shear distribution across regional-scale deformation gradients in such settings is possible but requires a multi-scale approach as implemented here to reveal younging patterns associated to strain localization.

FPGA-Based Stochastic Echo State Networks for Time-Series Forecasting.

Hardware implementation of artificial neural networks (ANNs) allows exploiting the inherent parallelism of these systems. Nevertheless, they require a large amount of resources in terms of area and power dissipation. Recently, Reservoir Computing (RC) has arisen as a strategic technique to design recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with simple learning capabilities. In this work, we show a new approach to implement RC systems with digital gates. The proposed method is based on the use of probabilistic computing concepts to reduce the hardware required to implement different arithmetic operations. The result is the development of a highly functional system with low hardware resources. The presented methodology is applied to chaotic time-series forecasting.

Oral Finasteride Presents With Sexual-Unrelated Withdrawal in Long-Term Treated Androgenic Alopecia in Men.

Side effects associated with oral finasteride (FT) (1 mg/d) and topical 5% minoxidil (M5) have been previously described. The authors have evaluated long-term adverse effects and causes of long-term therapy withdrawal in patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA) treated with M5+FT vs M5 without FT. A total of 130 AGA patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up volunteered to complete a questionnaire on side effects. Patients' responses were classified as "never," "rarely," "sometimes," "often," and "all the time." An adverse effect was considered in the presence of an "often" or "all the time" response. A total of 100 patients received combined M5+FT and were compared with 30 patients receiving single-therapy M5 according to the physician's clinical criteria. Erectile dysfunction (3%), diminished libido (4%), and reduced ejaculation (7%) were present in patients taking M5+FT but were absent in patients taking M5. Only 1 of 100 patients taking M5+FT quit long-term therapy due to sexual adverse effects (diminished libido). The main causes for therapy withdrawal in the FT group were lack of positive results in 11% and in the M5 group side effects in 4% (P < .02). Increased body hair was different between groups: with 6.6% in the M5 group and 4% in the M5+FT group (P < .03). FT demonstrates sexual-unrelated reasons as the main cause of therapy withdrawal in long-term treated AGA patients.

Acute telogen effluvium onset event is associated with the presence of female androgenetic alopecia: potential therapeutic implications.

Acute telogen effluvium (ATE) is often associated with female androgenetic alopecia (FAA), but predictive factors of ATE-FAA association and clinical factors or therapies that may influence the progression of ATE to chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) have not been reported. We have identified predictive factors of ATE-FAA association and retrospectively evaluated the impact of therapies on the progression to CTE. Conclusions are as follows: (i) Triggering cause is a significant independent factor that predicts association of ATE with FAA. (ii) Triggering causes with higher risk of concurrent FAA are severe diet, iron deficiency, and thyroid dysfunction. (iii) Patients suffering ATE may benefit from different therapeutic approaches (depending on which is the triggering cause) to prevent or treat the association with FAA. (iv) Minoxidil use shows a trend to lower the percentage of progression to CTE. (v) Apart from treating the precipitating cause, the different additional oral treatments used have not shown any correlation with progression to CTE.