ABSTRACT
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are the first line of therapy in acute gouty arthritis. NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway, but not the lipooxygenase activity and can have many adverse effects and thus have a limited effect on the control of inflammation in this disease. In this work we studied the effect of montelukast on the cellular inflammatory infiltrate in a model of murine arthritis induced by sodium monourate crystals (SMU), using a subcutaneous air cavity (air pouch) in BALB/c mice. Seven groups of BALB/c mice (n = 4) were distributed into five experimental groups and two inflammatory control groups, a positive and a negative one. Previous to SMU exposure, the experimental groups received montelukast (1 and 0.01 mg/Kg/w) and/or indomethacine (2.5 mg/Kg/w), followed by administration of SMU in the air pouch. The total and differential counts of inflammatory cells were analyzed after 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Montelukast, significantly reduced the total number of cells (p < 0.05), with a predominant impact on polymorphonuclear over mononuclear cells, especially after 12 hours of the medication. The montelukast/indometacine combination showed an additive effect. Our data show that montelukast has an anti-inflammatory effect in the model of gouty arthritis. Consequently, anti-leukotrienes could represent a new and effective therapy, either isolated or combined with conventional therapy of gouty arthritis.
Subject(s)
Acetates/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Gouty/drug therapy , Leukotriene Antagonists/therapeutic use , Quinolines/therapeutic use , Uric Acid/toxicity , Acetates/administration & dosage , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Gouty/chemically induced , Arthritis, Gouty/prevention & control , Cell Migration Assays, Leukocyte , Cyclopropanes , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Drug Synergism , Indomethacin/administration & dosage , Indomethacin/therapeutic use , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/drug therapy , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Leukotriene Antagonists/administration & dosage , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Neutrophils/drug effects , Premedication , Quinolines/administration & dosage , SulfidesABSTRACT
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are the first line of therapy in acute gouty arthritis. NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway, but not the lipooxygenase activity and can have many adverse effects and thus have a limited effect on the control of inflammation in this disease. In this work we studied the effect of montelukast on the cellular inflammatory infiltrate in a model of murine arthritis induced by sodium monourate crystals (SMU), using a subcutaneous air cavity (air pouch) in BALB/c mice. Seven groups of BALB/c mice (n = 4) were distributed into five experimental groups and two inflammatory control groups, a positive and a negative one. Previous to SMU exposure, the experimental groups received montelukast (1 and 0.01 mg/Kg/w) and/or indomethacine (2.5 mg/Kg/w), followed by administration of SMU in the air pouch. The total and differential counts of inflammatory cells were analyzed after 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Montelukast, significantly reduced the total number of cells (p<0.05), with a predominant impact on polymorphonuclear over mononuclear cells, especially after 12 hours of the medication. The montelukast/indometacine combination showed an additive effect. Our data show that montelukast has an anti-inflammatory effect in the model of gouty arthritis. Consequently, anti-leukotrienes could represent a new and effective therapy, either isolated or combined with conventional therapy of gouty arthritis.
En artritis gotosa aguda las drogas antiinflamatorias no esteroideas son la primera línea terapéutica. Este tratamiento no es satisfactorio porque inhibe la ciclooxigenasa sin modificar la actividad de la lipooxigenasa, y puede acompañarse de numerosos efectos adversos. Investigamos el efecto de montelukast sobre el infiltrado celular inflamatorio en un modelo de artritis múrida inducida por cristales de monourato de sodio (MUS) en el modelo experimental de la bolsa de aire (air pouch). Siete grupos de ratones BALB/c (n = 4) fueron distribuidos en cinco grupos experimentales y dos grupos controles inflamatorios: positivo y negativo. Los grupos experimentales recibieron, montelukast (1 y 0,01 mg/Kg/p) y/o indometacina (2,5 mg/Kg/p) por vía oral, previo a la administración de MUS en la bolsa del aire. El conteo absoluto y diferencial de las células inflamatorias fue analizado después de 2, 6, 12 y 24 horas de tratamiento. El tratamiento con montelukast redujo significativamente el número total de células presentes en el infiltrado inflamatorio (p < 0,05), con un efecto mayor sobre polimorfonucleares que sobre las células mononucleares, y con un máximo efecto a las 12 horas después de la administración del medicamento. La combinación montelukast/indometacina mostró un efecto aditivo. Los resultados demuestran que montelukast tiene un efecto antiinflamatorio en el modelo de la artritis gotosa. Por lo tanto, los anti-leucotrienos podrían representar una nueva y eficaz terapia, aislada o en combinación con la terapéutica convencional, para la artritis gotosa.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Acetates/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Gouty/drug therapy , Leukotriene Antagonists/therapeutic use , Quinolines/therapeutic use , Uric Acid/toxicity , Acetates/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Gouty/chemically induced , Arthritis, Gouty/prevention & control , Cell Migration Assays, Leukocyte , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Drug Synergism , Indomethacin/administration & dosage , Indomethacin/therapeutic use , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/drug therapy , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Leukotriene Antagonists/administration & dosage , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Neutrophils/drug effects , Premedication , Quinolines/administration & dosageABSTRACT
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis in humans worldwide; its prevalence and prognosis vary according with geographical areas. The incidence is higher in adults under 30 years of age and in children, it occurs more frequently in patients between 3 and 10 years. Hematuria is the predominant manifestation at presentation of the disease and 20-40% of the cases progress to terminal chronic renal disease. Renal biopsies were performed in 426 children during the period 1980-2002, of them, 12 cases corresponded to IgAN. The clinico-pathological characteristics and evolution of patients were evaluated during an average of 3.85 years. Mean age of patients was 6.2 years, and it was more frequent in males. Hematuria and proteinuria were found in 100% of cases and proteinuria of nephrotic range in 75%. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in 91%, arterial hypertension in 50% and acute renal failure at presentation in 25%. The predominant histopathological patterns (WHO) were II and III, deposits of mesangial IgA, IgG and C3 were observed in all cases and C4 deposits in 25%. 41.7% of cases had complete remission, 41.7% maintained normal renal function with persistent proteinuria and 16% progressed to terminal chronic renal failure. The actuarial survival of patients was 100% at 3 years, 87% at 4 years and 76% at 8 years. Two patients died during the period of study, at 3.5 and 8.5 years. The variability of presentation of IgA nephropathy was confirmed in this study, which could be attributable to geographical differences, racial influences and clinicopathological features related to sanitary conditions. Despite of the frequency of bad prognosis characteristics at presentation of IgAN in our series, the evolution was similar to reports of other groups.
Subject(s)
Glomerulonephritis, IGA/diagnosis , Biopsy , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/pathology , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective Studies , VenezuelaABSTRACT
La nefropatía por IgA (NigA) es la enfermedad glomerular más común en humanos; su prevalencia y evolución varían según la región geográfica. Su incidencia es mayor en menores de 30 años y en niños ocurre más frecuentemente, entre los 3 y 10 años; la hematuria es la manifestación predominante de inicio y evolución a nefropatía terminal en 20 a 40 por ciento de los casos. En el presente estudio, de un total de 426 biopsias renales realizadas entre 1980 y 2002, 12 casos correspondieron a NIgA . Se evaluaron las características clínico-patológicas y evolución de los pacientes durante un promedio de 3,85 años. La edad promedio fue de 6,2 años, con predominio de varones. Cien por ciento de los casos presentó hematuria y proteinuria y 75 por ciento proteinuria de rango nefrótico. La hipertrigliceridemia e hipercolesterolemia se observó en 91 por ciento, hipertensión arterial en 50 por ciento en IRA, al inicio de la enfermedad, en 25 por ciento. Predominaron los grados histológicos (OMS) II y III, y se observaron depósitos mesangiales de IgA, IgG y C3 en todos los pacientes, y de C4 en 25 por ciento. Se observó remisión total en 41,7 por ciento, proteinuria persistente con función renal de filtración normal en 41,7 por ciento y 16,7 por ciento progreso a enfermedad renal crónica. La sobrevida actuarial de los pacientes fue de 100 por ciento a los 3 años, 87 por ciento a los cuatro años y 76 por ciento a los 8 años, con dos muertes durante el estudio, una a los 3,5 años y la otra a los 8,5 años, después del diagnóstico. Se confirmó la variabilidad en la forma de presentación de NIgA, que puede ser atribuida a diferencias geográficas y raciales y a factores clínico-patológicos relacionados con condiciones sanitarias. A pesar de la alta frecuencia de factores de mal pronóstico, como forma de inicio de NIgA, en este estudio la evolución fue similar a la reportada por otros grupos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Glomerulonephritis, IGA , Hematuria , Medicine , VenezuelaABSTRACT
The maternal-fetal interphase has an active Immunitary System (IS) whose mediators -cells, cytokines and chemokines- coordinately act to favour pregnancy normal development. It is not known exactly which of those mediators are present in each placental cellular stratus and what the physiological or potentially pathologic consequences derived from their presence can be. It is known that chemokines recruit cells with regulatory activity towards the deciduous and some of their receptors are coreceptors to infectious agents like HIV, making research of chemokines expression and their receptors in the maternal-fetal interphase of great interest in recent years. In the present study, the CXCR-4 and CCR-5 expression was investigated in 8 samples of normal human placenta obtained from term pregnancies, with low obstetric risk, by using Immunocitochemical techniques (Biotin-Avidin-Peroxidase). The most relevant finding in this study was the demonstration that CXCR-4 and CCR-5 differential expression in trophoblast, stroma and endothelium represents, as far as we know, the first report of the presence of these receptors in all layers of placental tissue. These results help to broaden the knowledge about the expression of chemokines receptors -that act as main coreceptors in the HIV infection- in the maternal-fetal interphase, and this can be a contribution to be taken into account in the vertical transmission study of this infectious agent.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Placenta/metabolism , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Receptors, CCR5/analysis , Receptors, CXCR4/analysis , Chemokines/immunology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Placenta/immunology , Pregnancy , Trophoblasts/immunology , Trophoblasts/metabolismABSTRACT
La interfase materno-fetal posee un Sistema Inmunitario (SI) activo cuyos mediadores -células, citocinas y quimiocinas-, intervienen coordinadamente para favorecer el desarrollo normal del embarazo. No se conoce con exactitud cuales de esos mediadores están presentes en cada estrato celular de la placenta y cuales pueden ser las consecuencias fisiológicas o potencialmente patológicas derivadas de su presencia. Se sabe que las quimiocinas reclutan hacia la decidua células con actividad reguladora y algunos de sus receptores son correceptores para agentes infecciosos como el VIH, por lo que en los últimos años ha cobrado gran interés investigar la expresión de quimiocinas y sus receptores en la interfase materno-fetal. En el presente trabajo se investigó la expresión de los receptores de quimiocinas (CXCR-4 y CCR-5) en 8 muestras de placenta humana normal obtenidas de embarazos a término, de bajo riesgo obstétrico, utilizando técnicas de Inmunocitoquímica (Biotina-Avidina-Peroxidasa). El hallazgo más relevante de este estudio es la demostración de la expresión diferencial de CXCR-4 y de CCR-5 en trofoblasto, estroma y endotelio, y representa, hasta donde conocemos, el primer reporte de la presencia de estos receptores en todas las capas del tejido placentario. Estos resultados contribuyen a ampliar el conocimiento sobre la expresión de receptores de quimiocinas -que actúan como correceptores fundamentales en la infección por VIH-, en la interfase materno-fetal, y puede ser un aporte a ser tomado en cuenta en el estudio de la transmisión vertical de ese agente infeccioso
