The effects of topical isoflavones on postmenopausal skin: double-blind and randomized clinical trial of efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of estrogen and isoflavones on postmenopausal skin morphological parameters. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, estrogen-controlled trial was performed on postmenopausal women treated in the Gynecology Department of the Federal University of São Paulo. This study was designed to analyze the effects of topical administration of estradiol and isoflavones on facial skin for 24 weeks. The participants were divided into two groups: G1-17-betaestradiol 0.01% (n=18) and G2-isoflavones 40% (genistein 4%, n=18). Skin biopsies were performed on each patient before and after the treatment. The skin samples were processed for histological analysis, stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and examined using light microscopy. RESULTS: After 24 weeks of treatment, the estradiol group had a significant increase in skin parameters analyzed compared to the isoflavone group and to the baseline measurements: epidermal thickness (a 75% increase in the estrogen group and 20% in the isoflavone group), number of dermal papillae (a rise of 125% with estrogen, no significant gain with isoflavones), fibroblasts (a 123% accretion with estradiol, no significant gain with isoflavones), and vessels (a 77% increase with estrogen and 36% with isoflavones). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that estrogens may have a stronger effect on histomorphometrical parameters than isoflavones.

Prevalência de infecção chagásica em doadores de sangue no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil / The prevalence of chagasic infection among blood donors in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

A doença de Chagas é uma infecção sistêmica de evolução crônica cujo agente etiológico é o parasita Trypanosoma cruzi. O último relato encontrado sobre a soroprevalência da doença em doadores de sangue realizado na capital pernambucana, Recife, data de 1970, onde foi encontrada uma prevalência de 4,4 por cento em doadores de um hospital local. Devido à falta de informações divulgadas sobre a infecção por T. cruzi e sendo Pernambuco uma região endêmica para esta enfermidade, o presente estudo se propôs a analisar o perfil dos doadores de sangue do Hemocentro de Pernambuco (Hemope), que apresentaram reatividade para doença de Chagas, no período de 2002 a 2007. O perfil dos doadores inaptos foi avaliado de acordo com gênero, idade e procedência segundo as mesorregiões de Pernambuco. Foi encontrada uma prevalência de 0,17 por cento para doença de Chagas e 6,89 por cento das bolsas descartadas deveram-se a essa reatividade. Em relação ao gênero dos doadores, foi significativamente maior a contribuição dos homens (p<0,0001). A faixa etária de 18-30 anos apresentou menor quantidade de sorologias reativas (20,21 por cento). Foi verificado também que, na Região Metropolitana do Recife, a quantidade de reações inconclusivas foi estatisticamente maior que a quantidade de sorologias reagentes (p=0,0440). Desta forma, estudos epidemiológicos fornecem dados importantes no sentido de se avaliar diretamente o risco de transmissão de uma doença por transfusão sanguínea e permitem que também em regiões endêmicas se avalie a eficácia das medidas para o controle vetorial.

Chagas disease is a systemic infection with a chronic onset transmitted by Trypanosoma cruzi. The last study conducted in Recife, capital of Pernambuco state, was carried out during 1970. At that time a prevalence of 4.4 percent was found among blood donors of a local hospital. Due to the lack of epidemiology data on T. cruzi infection and as Pernambuco is an endemic region, the present study describes the profile of blood donors who presented reactivity for Chagas disease during the period of 2002 to 2007 in the state's blood bank (Hemope). The profile of unsuitable donors was evaluated according to gender, age and according to the meso-regions of Pernambuco. A prevalence of 0.17 percent was found for Chagas disease, whereas 6.89 percent of the rejected blood bags were due to this reactivity. As far as gender is concerned, the reactivity of men was higher than that of women (p<0.0001). Additionally, the age group between 18-30 years was less infected (20.21 percent). On analyzing the reactivity in each one of the meso-regions of the state, it was found that, in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, the number of inconclusive reaction cases was statistically higher than the number of reactive serology cases (p=0.0440). Thus, epidemiological studies provide important data to indirectly evaluate the risk of blood-borne diseases and allow indirect evaluation of the effectiveness of vectorial control measures in endemic regions.