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1.
Imaging Sci Dent ; 46(1): 17-24, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27051635

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study employed a posteriori registration and subtraction of radiographic images to quantify the apical root resorption in maxillary permanent central incisors after orthodontic treatment, and assessed whether the external apical root resorption (EARR) was related to a range of parameters involved in the treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 79 patients (mean age, 13.5±2.2 years) with no history of trauma or endodontic treatment of the maxillary permanent central incisors was selected. Periapical radiographs taken before and after orthodontic treatment were digitized and imported to the Regeemy software. Based on an analysis of the posttreatment radiographs, the length of the incisors was measured using Image J software. The mean EARR was described in pixels and relative root resorption (%). The patient's age and gender, tooth extraction, use of elastics, and treatment duration were evaluated to identify possible correlations with EARR. RESULTS: The mean EARR observed was 15.44±12.1 pixels (5.1% resorption). No differences in the mean EARR were observed according to patient characteristics (gender, age) or treatment parameters (use of elastics, treatment duration). The only parameter that influenced the mean EARR of a patient was the need for tooth extraction. CONCLUSION: A posteriori registration and subtraction of periapical radiographs was a suitable method to quantify EARR after orthodontic treatment, and the need for tooth extraction increased the extent of root resorption after orthodontic treatment.

2.
Dental Press J Orthod ; 18(4): 82-8, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24262420

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Biological age is an important parameter for growth and development assessment. It can be evaluated through the observation of radiographic changes in skeletal maturation of cervical vertebrae. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to: a) verify if there is correlation between growth curve and the stages of bone age of animals used in laboratories, by evaluating radiographs of the cervical vertebrae; b) correlate these stages with their correspondents in humans. METHODS: 35 Wistar rats were evaluated for a period of 160 days, starting at day 22nd (weaning), with cross sections for periodic weighing, length measurement and digital radiography. Radiographs of the cervical vertebrae (C2 and C3) were measured by means of a computer program (Radio IMP). Data were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Growth spurt was characterized by fast increasing in weight and length. Through ANOVA, differences were observed in the cervical measurements between days 22, 97, 127, 157, 187 and 217 (p <0.001). A high correlation was found between increasing in body length and weight, as well as in cervical vertebrae height (r = 0.86). Increments in concavities of vertebrae were also observed, similar to humans. CONCLUSIONS: There is correlation between body growth and maturation of cervical vertebrae in rats. Despite the continuous development of concavities, it was not possible to clearly identify the 5/6 stages as in studies of cervical vertebrae maturation in humans.


Subject(s)
Age Determination by Skeleton/methods , Bone Development/physiology , Cervical Vertebrae/growth & development , Rats, Wistar/growth & development , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Body Height , Body Weight , Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Rats
3.
Res Dev Disabil ; 34(11): 4274-9, 2013 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24095855

ABSTRACT

It is important to estimate both chronological age (CA) and maturational age of an individual, in order to perform orthopedic treatment or surgery, and in cases of lost documentation. Use of dental age (DA) for these purposes has been widely studied; however, the literature is scarce with regard to individuals with Down syndrome (DS), a prevalent condition worldwide. In this study the chronology of dental maturation was evaluated by analyzing the DA of individuals with DS based on the Chronological Mineralization Table proposed by Nolla (1960). Thus, second molars were evaluated in 57 panoramic radiographs of male and female individuals with DS, between 5 and 16 years-old. These data were compared with a control group of 191 nonsyndromic individuals of the same age group. Correlation between CA and DA was ascertained using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), and the difference between these variables was measured using Student's t-test for paired samples and the method proposed by Bland and Altman. The difference between DA and CA was compared between the control and DS groups using Student's t-test for independent samples (α=0.05). DA was slightly lower than the CA; however, this difference was only significant for females. The difference between DA and CA was not significant between individuals with DS and control group (both genders, p=0.945; males, p=0.542; females, p=0.381). We concluded that dental maturation in individuals with DS occurs similarly to that of nonsyndromic individuals.


Subject(s)
Age Determination by Teeth/methods , Down Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Molar/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Calcification , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Radiography, Panoramic
4.
Dental Press J Orthod ; 18(3): 143-9, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24094025

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify if the reference values of Sleep Apnea cephalometric analysis of North American individuals are similar to the ones of Brazilian individuals presenting no craniofacial anomalies. The study also aimed to identify craniofacial alterations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) patients in relation to individuals without clinical characteristics of the disease through this cephalometric analysis. METHODS: It were used 55 lateral cephalograms consisting of 29 for the control group of adult individuals without clinical characteristics of OSAHS and 26 apneic adults. All radiographs were submitted to Sleep Apnea cephalometric analysis through Radiocef Studio 2.0. The standard values of this analysis were compared, by means of z test, to the ones obtained from the control group and these were compared to values from apneic group through Student's t test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between values obtained from control group and standard values. On the group of OSAHS patients it was observed a decrease on the dimensions of upper airways and an increase on the soft palate length. CONCLUSIONS: The standard values of Sleep Apnea analysis can be used as reference in Brazilian individuals. Besides, through lateral cephalograms it was possible to identify craniofacial alterations in OSAHS patients.


Subject(s)
Cephalometry , Palate, Soft/pathology , Pharynx/pathology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnostic imaging , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Biomarkers , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Linear Models , Male , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , North America , Radiography , Reference Values , Skull Base/anatomy & histology , Young Adult
5.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 18(4): 82-88, July-Aug. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-695123

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Biological age is an important parameter for growth and development assessment. It can be evaluated through the observation of radiographic changes in skeletal maturation of cervical vertebrae. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to: a) verify if there is correlation between growth curve and the stages of bone age of animals used in laboratories, by evaluating radiographs of the cervical vertebrae; b) correlate these stages with their correspondents in humans. METHODS: 35 Wistar rats were evaluated for a period of 160 days, starting at day 22nd (weaning), with cross sections for periodic weighing, length measurement and digital radiography. Radiographs of the cervical vertebrae (C2 and C3) were measured by means of a computer program (Radio IMP). Data were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Growth spurt was characterized by fast increasing in weight and length. Through ANOVA, differences were observed in the cervical measurements between days 22, 97, 127, 157, 187 and 217 (p <0.001). A high correlation was found between increasing in body length and weight, as well as in cervical vertebrae height (r = 0.86). Increments in concavities of vertebrae were also observed, similar to humans. CONCLUSIONS: There is correlation between body growth and maturation of cervical vertebrae in rats. Despite the continuous development of concavities, it was not possible to clearly identify the 5/6 stages as in studies of cervical vertebrae maturation in humans.


INTRODUÇÃO: a idade biológica é um parâmetro importante na avaliação do crescimento e desenvolvimento, podendo ser avaliada por meio da observação de alterações na maturação óssea das vértebras. OBJETIVO: o presente estudo visa descrever e relacionar a curva de crescimento de ratos utilizados em pesquisas laboratoriais com os estágios de idade óssea, avaliados por radiografias de vértebras cervicais, e correlacionar esses estágios com estudos correspondentes em humanos. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 35 ratos Wistar em um período de 160 dias, iniciando no 22º dia de vida (desmame), com cortes transversais periódicos para pesagem, medição do comprimento e radiografias digitais. As radiografias das vértebras cervicais (C2 e C3) foram mensuradas por meio de um programa de computador (Radio IMP). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística de variância (ANOVA). RESULTADOS: o surto de crescimento caracterizou-se por aumento rápido de peso e comprimento, seguido por um período de crescimento lento e de estabilidade. Uma alta correlação (r = 0,86) foi verificada entre o aumento de peso e o comprimento do corpo, bem como o comprimento das vértebras cervicais. Incrementos nas concavidades das vértebras dos ratos foram observados, semelhantemente aos resultados obtidos em estudos em humanos. CONCLUSÕES: existe correlação entre o crescimento corporal de ratos e a maturação das vértebras cervicais. Apesar da detecção de desenvolvimento contínuo de concavidades das vértebras, não foi possível identificar claramente os 5 ou 6 estágios de maturação óssea descritos em seres humanos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Age Determination by Skeleton/methods , Bone Development/physiology , Cervical Vertebrae/growth & development , Rats, Wistar/growth & development , Analysis of Variance , Body Height , Body Weight , Cervical Vertebrae
6.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 18(3): 143-149, May-June 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-690011

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify if the reference values of Sleep Apnea cephalometric analysis of North American individuals are similar to the ones of Brazilian individuals presenting no craniofacial anomalies. The study also aimed to identify craniofacial alterations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) patients in relation to individuals without clinical characteristics of the disease through this cephalometric analysis. METHOD: It were used 55 lateral cephalograms consisting of 29 for the control group of adult individuals without clinical characteristics of OSAHS and 26 apneic adults. All radiographs were submitted to Sleep Apnea cephalometric analysis through Radiocef Studio 2.0. The standard values of this analysis were compared, by means of z test, to the ones obtained from the control group and these were compared to values from apneic group through Student's t test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between values obtained from control group and standard values. On the group of OSAHS patients it was observed a decrease on the dimensions of upper airways and an increase on the soft palate length. CONCLUSIONS: The standard values of Sleep Apnea analysis can be used as reference in Brazilian individuals. Besides, through lateral cephalograms it was possible to identify craniofacial alterations in OSAHS patients.


OBJETIVO: verificar se os valores de referência da análise cefalométrica para apneia do sono, referentes a indivíduos norte-americanos, são semelhantes aos de indivíduos brasileiros não portadores de anomalias craniofaciais. Identificar, também por meio dessa análise cefalométrica, alterações craniofaciais em indivíduos portadores de síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) em relação a indivíduos sem características clínicas da doença. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 55 radiografias cefalométricas laterais advindas de arquivos, sendo 29 radiografias para o grupo controle, sendo composto de indivíduos adultos sem características clínicas de SAOS, e 26 de indivíduos adultos apneicos. Todas as radiografias foram submetidas à análise cefalométrica para apneia do sono por meio do software Radiocef Studio 2.0. Por meio do teste z, valores-padrão dessa análise foram comparados aos valores obtidos do grupo controle, e esses, por sua vez, foram comparados aos valores do grupo de apneicos por meio do teste t de Student. RESULTADOS: não houve diferenças significativas entre os valores obtidos do grupo controle e os valores-padrão. No grupo de indivíduos portadores de SAOS, observou-se diminuição nas dimensões das vias aéreas superiores e aumento do comprimento do palato mole. CONCLUSÕES: os valores-padrão da análise de apneia do sono podem ser utilizados como referência em indivíduos brasileiros. Além disso, por meio da radiografia cefalométrica lateral foi possível identificar alterações craniofaciais em indivíduos portadores de SAOS.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Cephalometry , Palate, Soft/pathology , Pharynx/pathology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/pathology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Biomarkers , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Linear Models , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , North America , Reference Values , Skull Base/anatomy & histology
7.
Quintessence Int ; 43(2): 143-6, 2012 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22257876

ABSTRACT

Maxillary antrolithiasis is characterized by masses of tissue of endogenous or exogenous origin that calcify within the maxillary sinuses. Aspergillosis is a fungal disease in which the maxillary sinus is a primary site of infection. Aspergillosis mycetoma, its noninvasive form, is the most prevalent modality of the disease in the maxillary sinuses. In approximately half of the cases reported in the literature, calcification of the fungal mycelia, which later became antroliths, was verified. This article reports a rare case of the accidental discovery of a maxillary antrolith associated with noninvasive aspergillosis in an immunocompetent and asymptomatic 56-year-old woman. The diagnosis and therapeutic procedures used in treating the patient are discussed as well as the probable iatrogenic origin of the fungal pathology.


Subject(s)
Aspergillosis/diagnostic imaging , Lithiasis/microbiology , Maxillary Sinus/microbiology , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/microbiology , Asymptomatic Diseases , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Incidental Findings , Lithiasis/diagnostic imaging , Maxillary Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Maxillary Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged , Mycetoma/diagnosis , Odontoma/diagnostic imaging , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Panoramic , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tooth Root/diagnostic imaging
8.
Braz. dent. sci ; 15(1): 53-60, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-728076

ABSTRACT

The skull posture on the spine is an important factor for the diagnosis of craniomandibulars functional disorders in children, as well as in adults. Alterations in biomechanics may be evidenced in common x-rays. The aim of this study was to relate findings of craniocervical analysis with skeletal pattern Class I, II, III in individuals from 7 to 12 years old. X-rays of 92 individuals were taken by NHP method and digitalized for computerized analysis of skeletic patterns and craniocervical analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to relate craniocervical analysis values with the type of skeletal pattern presented by individuals. For skeletal pattern Class I, II and III, nasopharyngeal soft tissue percentage and oropharyngeal soft tissue linear quantity were above normality value; nasopharyngeal cervical plot was normal and hyoid triangle was positive for the majority of the individuals. The angular relationship between skull and cervical spine show values lower than those considered normal for skeletal pattern class I and II. It was concluded that in the majority of the individuals with skeletal pattern Class I, II and III had high values of airway blockage, head posterior rotation, nasopharyngeal cervical plot with normal values and positive hyoid triangle.


A postura do crânio sobre a coluna é um importante fator para o diagnóstico das desordens craniomandibulares funcionais tanto em crianças quanto em adultos. Alterações na biomecânica podem se evidenciadas em exames radiográficos convencionais. O objetivo neste estudo foi relacionar os achados da análise crânio-cervical com os padrões esqueléticos classe I, II e III em indivíduos com idade entre 7 e 12 anos. Radiografias de 92 indivíduos foram realizadas pelo método da postura natural da cabeça e digitalizadas para a análise computadorizada do padrão esquelético e análise cefalométrica crânio-cervical. A análise descritiva foi utilizada com o intuito de relacionar os valores da análise crânio-cervical com o tipo de padrão esquelético apresentado pelos indivíduos. Para os padrões esqueléticos classe I, II e III a porcentagem de tecido mole da nasofaringe e a quantidade linear de tecido mole da orofaringe estavam acima dos valores normais; o traçado nasofaríngeo-cervical foi normal e o triângulo hioideo positivo para a maioria dos indivíduos. A relação angular entre o crânio e coluna cervical mostrou valores menores do que aqueles considerados normais para os padrões esqueléticos Classe I e II. Pôde-se concluir que a maioria dos indivíduos apresentou altos valores de bloqueio das vias aéreas, rotação posterior do crânio, traçado nasofaríngeo-cervical com valores normais e triângulo hioideo positivo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Cephalometry , Posture , Radiology , Skull
9.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 15(5): 150-158, set.-out. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-562906

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: a avaliação do espaço aéreo superior faz parte da rotina na elaboração do diagnóstico e plano de tratamento ortodôntico. A radiografia cefalométrica em norma lateral tem sido usada rotineiramente na avaliação da permeabilidade do espaço aéreo, esbarrando na limitação de fornecer uma imagem bidimensional de uma estrutura tridimensional. A Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico (TCFC) tem entrado na realidade ortodôntica trazendo um arsenal de informações concernentes ao espaço aéreo superior. Por fornecer uma imagem tridimensional, possibilita determinar de maneira precisa a área de maior estreitamento da faringe, que ofereceria maior resistência à passagem aérea. OBJETIVOS: o propósito deste artigo é esclarecer o ortodontista quanto aos recursos disponíveis na TCFC para o diagnóstico de possíveis barreiras físicas que possam diminuir a permeabilidade das vias aéreas superiores.


INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of upper airway space is a routine procedure in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Although limited insofar as they provide two dimensional images of three-dimensional structures, lateral cephalometric radiographs have been used routinely to assess airway space permeability. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has contributed to orthodontics with information concerning the upper airway space. By producing three-dimensional images CBCT allows professionals to accurately determine the most constricted area, where greater resistance to air passage occurs. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to enlighten orthodontists on the resources provided by CBCT in the diagnosis of possible physical barriers that can reduce upper airway permeability.


Subject(s)
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Diagnostic Imaging , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Orthodontics , Pharynx , Software , Cephalometry , Radiography, Dental, Digital , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
10.
RGO (Porto Alegre) ; 57(3): 269-272, jul.-set. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-527905

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Verificar o grau de conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre os métodos radiográficos de localização. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo com 60 cirurgiões-dentistas, sendo 25 clínicos gerais e 35 especialistas, por meio de um questionário constando 14 perguntas discursivas, nas quais puderam expressar seus conhecimentos sobre quais técnicas radiográficas de localização são conhecidas e como interpretá-las. Resultados: Verificamos que a técnica de Clark é a mais conhecida por 92% dos clínicos gerais, seguida pela técnica de Le Master, que obteve 16%. No grupo dos especialistas, Clark também aparece em primeiro lugar, com 86%, seguida pela técnica de Miller Winter, com 29%. Analisamos, por meio de uma situação clínica corriqueira, se o cirurgião-dentista sabe interpretar a técnica de Clark, tendo como resultado que entre os clínicos gerais 56% souberam interpretar a técnica, 32% erraram a resposta e 12% responderam que não sabiam. Entre os especialistas 74% acertaram a questão e 26% não responderam corretamente. Dos clínicos gerais, 72% relataram que utilizaram mais a técnica de Clark conforme aumentou o seu respectivo tempo de formado, porém, somente 56% destes demonstraram correta interpretação na situação clínica questionada. Conclusão: Sendo assim, podemos concluir que a técnica de Clark é a mais conhecida entre os cirurgiões-dentistas, porém não necessariamente sabem interpretá-la. Além disso, vimos que as outras técnicas são pouco conhecidas, nos levando a repensar sobre a grade curricular, a fim de que elas sejam mais enfatizadas, pois são igualmente importantes.


Objective: To verify dentists' about radiographic localization methods. Methods: A survey was conducted among 60 dentists, of whom 25 were general clinicians and 35 were specialists dentists, using a questionnaire with 14 discursive questions, where they could express their Knowledge about which radiographic localization techniques are known and how to interpret them. Results: It was verified that the Clark technique was most known by 92% of the general clinicians, followed by Le Master ( 16%). In the group of specialists, Clark was also ranked first by 86%, followed by the Miller Winter technique by 29%. By means of a routine clinical situation we analyzed whether the dentists knew how to interpret the Clark technique, and the results showed that among the general clinicians 56% knew how to interpret the technique, 32% gave the incorrect answer and 12% answered that they did not know. Among the specialists, 74% knew how to interpret the technique and 26% answered incorrectly. The general clinicians (72%) declared that they most frequently used the Clark technique, as the time since they graduated increased. However, only 56% of them gave the correct interpretation in the clinical situation presented in the question. Conclusion: This, it could be concluded that Clark is the best known technique among dentists (specialist or general clinicians), but they do not necessary know how to interpret it. Moreover, it was shown that the others techniques are hardly known, which leads to the conclusion that one needs to rethink the curriculum, so that they receive more emphasis, as they are equally important.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Clinical Competence , Radiography, Dental/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires
11.
Rev. Assoc. Paul. Cir. Dent ; 63(4): 297-300, jul.-ago. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-534485

ABSTRACT

O objetivo neste estudo foi verificar a presença ou ausência da sintomatologia dolorosa na região de cabeça e pescoço, relacionando-a com o comprimento do processo estilóide. Foram analisados ambos os lados de 48 radiografias panorâmicas, de pacientes dos sexos feminino e do masculino, totalizando 96 lados observados. Como critério de avaliação foi utilizada a classificação de acordo com trabalho de outros autores. Foram também realizados anamnese e exame físico. Os resultados indicaram que 42 ligamentos da amostra apresentaram tamanhos normais (até 25 mm). 37 pouco alongados (25 a 30 mm). 10 segmentados e 7 muito alongados (acima de 30 mm). Concluímos que a relação da dor na região de cabeça e pescoço com o alongamento do processo estilóide e a ossificação do ligamento estilo-hióideo é pequena, pois apenas 6,16% do total de casos analisados apresentaram sintomatologia dolorosa.


The Eagle' syndrome is defined by the ossification of the stylohyoid ligament or elongated styloid process causing limitation of the cervical movements and intense pains in head and neck. The aim of this study was to verify the presence or absence of the painful symptomatology in head and neck, in association with the styloid process length. Both gender and sides in 48 panoramic radiographies were taken and the physical examination and anamnesis were analyzed. The analysis of the styloid process length was made according Grossman et al. Milner et al. classification. The conclusion showed that the relation of pain in head and neck, with styloid process is small, therefore only 6.16% of the total of analyzed cases had presented painful symptomatology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Diagnostic Imaging , Mandible/abnormalities , Radiography, Panoramic
12.
Odonto (Säo Bernardo do Campo) ; 17(33): 48-53, jan.-jun. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-542839

ABSTRACT

O objetivo nesta pesquisa foi verificar as diversas posições do forame mentoniano em relação aos pré-molares inferiores e correlacionar os lados direito (D) e esquerdo (E) conforme classificação de Tebo, Telford18 (1950), a qual possui seis classes distintas de posição que vão desde abaixo do canino inferior ao primeiro molar inferior. Foram selecionadas 104 radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes dentados totais e adultos, sendo que 67 radiografias a presença do forame foi visível em ambos os lados. Considerando o total da amostra, no lado D, a classe III apareceu em 65 casos, ou seja, 73,03%, já a classe IV apareceu 14 vezes representando 15,73% e a classe V em apenas 11,24%; as classes I, II, VI não apresentaram casos. Para o lado E, a classe III apareceu em 58 casos (69,04%), a classe V em 17 casos, ou seja, 20,24%, a classe IV obteve 8,34% ou em sete casos, as classes I e II em apenas um caso cada (1,19%) e a classe VI não houve nenhum caso. Posteriormente, comparando os dados dos lados D e E das 67 radiografias, com o teste exato de Fisher, foi possível verificar (p = 0,003) que existe uma correlação positiva entre os lados pela classificação utilizada. Os dados obtidos permitiram concluir que na grande maioria dos casos, o forame mentoniano está situado mais anteriormente ao 2º pré-molar inferior, mais precisamente entre o 1º e 2º pré-molares, ou seja, pacientes com classificação III.


The aim of this search was to verify the different position of the mental foramen in relation to the lower premolars and to correlate both sides although Tebo, Telford18 (1950) classification. This classification has six different class positions that are since above long axis of the canine to the first lower molar. 104 panoramic radiography of adult dentate patient were selected. Just in 67 radiographs, the foramen was visible in both sides. Considering the total of the sample, in right side (R), the class III appeared in 65 cases or 73,03%, already the class IV appeared in 14 times or 15,73% and the class V in only 11,24%; the class I, II, VI didn’t show some cases. To the left side (L), the class III appeared in 58 cases (69,04%), the class V in 17 cases or 20,24%, the class IV had 8,34% or in seven cases, the class I and II just in one case (1,19%) and the class VI didn’t have none. After, comparing both sides, in 67 radiographs, use the Fisher statistical test, was possible verify (p = 0,003) that exist a correlation between R and L by utilized classification. The data obtained allowed conclude that in majority of the cases the mental foramen is situated medially to second lower premolar, necessarily between first and second premolars or in classification III.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bicuspid , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Radiography, Panoramic
13.
Odonto (Säo Bernardo do Campo) ; 17(33): 110-114, jan.-jun. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-542848

ABSTRACT

O Acidente cerebrovascular (AVC) ocorre como resultado da aterosclerose envolvendo a artéria carótida, devido à formação de ateromas, que são placas ateroscleróticas calcificadas que podem ser detectados em radiografias panorâmicas de indivíduos assintomáticos. Normalmente são visualizados radiograficamente entre indivíduos com idade superior aos cinqüenta anos, acometendo ambos os sexos. A placa de ateroma da carótida, com elevado grau de estenose e ricas em conteúdo lipídico estão associadas com alto risco de eventos cérebro vasculares e evoluções cardiovasculares de acordo com os fatores de risco apresentados pelo indivíduo. A descoberta do ateroma na artéria carótida através do exame radiográfico panorâmico tem grande valia quando encaminhamos o paciente a tratamento, e previnem-se possíveis complicações. Observando criteriosamente a região entre as vértebras cervicais C3 e C4, e diferenciando de estruturas localizadas na mesma região, principalmente nos indivíduos que sofreram irradiações em região de cabeça e pescoço, e aqueles portadores de síndrome metabólica oculta. A possibilidade de detectar sinais de aterosclerose na artéria carótida pelo uso da radiografia panorâmica pode antecipar o tratamento, além de reduzir a morbidade e a mortalidade do indivíduo.


Cerebrovascular accident occurs as a result of atherosclerosis involving the carotid artery due to the formation of atheromas, which are calcified atherosclerotic plaques that may be detected by panoramic radiography in asymptomatic patients. They are usually detected radiographically in subjects of both sexes aged over 50 years. Carotid atheromatous plaques, with high degree of stenosis and rich in lipid content, are associated with a high risk of cerebrovascular events and cardiovascular evolutions according to each patient’s risk factors. The detection of a carotid artery atheroma by panoramic radiographic examination is of paramount importance when a patient is forward for treatment and may prevent possible complications. The region between C3 and C4 cervical vertebrae should be carefully examined and the atheroma should be distinguished from structures in this region, especially in individuals submitted to head or neck irradiations and those diagnosed with occult metabolic syndrome. The possibility of detecting signs of carotid artery atherosclerosis by panoramic radiography may anticipate the treatment and reduce the morbidity and mortality rates.


Subject(s)
Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Carotid Artery Diseases , Carotid Artery Injuries , Stroke/prevention & control , Radiography, Panoramic
14.
J. appl. oral sci ; 17(3): 234-239, May-June 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-514040

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify, in vivo and in vitro, the prevalence of root canal bifurcation in mandibular incisors by digital radiography. Material and Methods: Four hundred teeth were analyzed for the in vivo study. Digital radiographs were taken in an orthoradial direction from the mandibular incisor and canine regions. The digital radiographs of the canine region allowed visualizing the incisors in a distoradial direction using 20o deviation. All individuals agreed to participate by signing an informed consent form. The in vitro study was conducted on 200 mandibular incisors positioned on a model, simulating the mandibular dental arch. Digital radiographs were taken from the mandibular incisors in both buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. Results:The digital radiography showed presence of bifurcation in 20% of teeth evaluated in vitro in the mesiodistal direction. In the buccolingual direction, 17.5% of teeth evaluated in vivo and 15% evaluated in vitro presented bifurcation or characteristics indicatingbifurcation. Conclusions: Digital radiography associated with X-ray beam distally allowed detection of a larger number of cases of bifurcated root canals or characteristics of bifurcation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity , Radiography, Dental, Digital , Tooth Root , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Incisor , Mandible , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology
15.
J Appl Oral Sci ; 17(3): 234-9, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19466258

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify, in vivo and in vitro, the prevalence of root canal bifurcation in mandibular incisors by digital radiography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four hundred teeth were analyzed for the in vivo study. Digital radiographs were taken in an orthoradial direction from the mandibular incisor and canine regions. The digital radiographs of the canine region allowed visualizing the incisors in a distoradial direction using 20 masculine deviation. All individuals agreed to participate by signing an informed consent form. The in vitro study was conducted on 200 mandibular incisors positioned on a model, simulating the mandibular dental arch. Digital radiographs were taken from the mandibular incisors in both buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. RESULTS: The digital radiography showed presence of bifurcation in 20% of teeth evaluated in vitro in the mesiodistal direction. In the buccolingual direction, 17.5% of teeth evaluated in vivo and 15% evaluated in vitro presented bifurcation or characteristics indicating bifurcation. CONCLUSIONS: Digital radiography associated with X-ray beam distally allowed detection of a larger number of cases of bifurcated root canals or characteristics of bifurcation.


Subject(s)
Dental Pulp Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Dental, Digital , Tooth Root/diagnostic imaging , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Humans , Incisor/diagnostic imaging , Mandible , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology
16.
Ciênc. odontol. bras ; 12(1): 56-62, 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-524155

ABSTRACT

Atualmente, a cefalometria passa por questionamentos com relação a sua precisão em avaliar o grau e a localização da deformidade a ser tratada. A obtenção das radiografias laterais cefalométricas pela metodologia da postura natural da cabeça tem pouca popularidade no Brasil, talvez pelos poucos estudos existentes sobre o tema. Sendo assim, o objetivo no presente estudo foi verificar se houve diferença nos valores do traçado cefalométrico crânio-cervical, realizado em radiografias laterais cefalométricas digitalizadas obtidas pelas técnicas convencional e com postura natural de cabeça(PNC). Para tal propósito 92 indivíduos com idade cronológica entre 7 a 12 anos foram utilizados no estudo. Tais indivíduos foram radiografados duas vezes, sendo uma pelo método convencional e outra pelo método da postura natural da cabeça. A diferença entre os métodos foi verificada pelo teste de variância Anova dos valores da análise crânio-cervical realizada nas radiografias. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significantes entre os métodos de posicionamento para obtenção de radiografias laterais cefalométricas. A partir de tais resultados a necessidade da obtenção de radiografias laterais cefalométricas em PNC para a realização da análise crânio-cervical pode não ser fator determinante para a exatidão da análise.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Cephalometry , Posture , Radiography
17.
Odonto (Säo Bernardo do Campo) ; 16(32): 47-52, jul.-dez. 2008. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: biblio-873696

ABSTRACT

O propósito neste trabalho foi de analisar a degradação do revelador convencional Kodak por meio da análise da densidade óptica de radiografias digitalizadas. Foram utilizados 57 filmes periapicais Ektaspeed da marca Kodak obtendo-se radiografias da região de molares inferiores de uma mandíbula seca em um aparelho de raios X Gendex 765DC. As películas foram processadas em câmara escura portátil em um número de três ao dia perfazendo um total de 27 dias de experimento. As radiografias foram escaneadas em um escaner HPScanjet 6100C e com o auxílio do software Image Tool 1,27 foi realizada a leitura média das densidades ópticas das películas obtendo-se a curva da degradação. Observamos que o início da degradação se dá com a densidade óptica ≥ 80, após 21 dias do início do experimento.


The aim in this study was to analyse the degradation of Kodak conventional developer by analysis of optical density in digitalised radiographs. Fifty seven Kodak Estaspeed periapicals films were used achieving radiographs of molars region of a dry mandible, in a Gendex 765DC machine. The films were processed in a red box three times a day during a period of 27 days. The radiographs were digitalized in a HPSanjet 6100C scanner. Using the Image Tool 1,27 software the mean of optical densities and a degradation curve were acquired. We observed the begining of degradation after 21 days from the first radiograph, when the optical density was ≥ 80.


Subject(s)
Dentistry , Quality Control , Radiographic Image Enhancement , X-Ray Film
18.
Rev. paul. odontol ; 30(3): 11-14, out.-dez. 2008. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-532701

ABSTRACT

Introdução - O propósito neste trabalho foi de analisar a degradação do revelador convencional Kodak por meio da análise da densidade óptica de radiografias digitalizadas. Material e métodos - Foram utilizados 57 filmes periapicais Ektaspeed da marca Kodak obtendo-se radiografias da região de molares inferiores de uma mandíbula seca em um aparelho de raios X Gendex 765DC. As películas foram processadas em câmara escura portátil em um número de três ao dia perfazendo um total de 27 dias de experimento. As radiografias foram escaneadas em um scanner HPScanjet 6100C. Resultados - Com o auxílio do software Image Tool 1,27 foi realizada a leitura média das densidades ópticas das películas obtendo-se a curva da degradação. Conclusão - observa-se que o início da degradação se dá com a densidade óptica>80, após 21 dias do início do experimento.


Subject(s)
Radiographic Image Enhancement , Radiography , Radiography, Dental
19.
Rev. Assoc. Paul. Cir. Dent ; 62(3): 218-224, maio-jun. 2008. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-539252

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade dos especialistas em Radiologia Odontológica para detectar manipulações eletrônicas em imagens radiográficas digitais, avaliar o conhecimento sobre a certificação digital e seus aspectos legais. Foram utilizadas 15 radiografias, sendo dez digitalizadas e cinco digitais diretas. Foram feitas manipulações digitais em doze imagens, para isso foi utilizado o programa gráfico Adobe Photoshop versão 7.0. Posteriormente, as imagens foram apresentadas, para 20 examinadores, todos especialistas em Radiologia Odontológica. Utilizamos um questionário para coleta de dados referente às manipulações das imagens e outro para avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais sobre a certificação digital. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o teste z no nível de significância de 5%. Tendo como resultado, das avaliações referentes às manipulações, percentual de erro de 70% para as imagens 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 e 15. Os resultados referentes à certificação digital foram estatisticamente significantes, apenas, para dois itens. Concluímos que é possível manipular imagens radiográficas digitais e digitalizadas sem que os especialistas em Radiologia Odontológica detectem as alterações e que eles têm pouco conhecimento sobre certificação digital, seus aspectos legais e sua segurança.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of dental radiologists to detect electronic manipulations in digital and digitized radiographic images, as well as their knowledge of digital certification of electronic documents and its legal aspects, checking the system security. Methods: A set of 15 radiographs (10 digitized and 5 digital) were used and 12 of them were digitally manipulated using the Adobe Photoshop 7.0 image-editing software, while 3 were not manipulated. All images were examined by 20 experienced dental radiologists. Data were collected using two questionnaires: one referring to image manipulation and the other relative to the examiners' knowledge of digital certification. The results were analyzed statistically by the Z test at 5% significance level. Results: The results on image manipulation showed a low percentage of right guesses. lmages 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 15 presented statistically significant results for evaluation errors, with values 70%. The results for knowledge of digital certification were statistically significant for two items only: all examiners gave a correct answer to the first item of the questionnaire, while most of them did not know the answer to the fifth item. Conclusions: ln conclusion, it was possible to manipulate electronically digital and digitized radiographic images, without the manipulations being detected by experienced dental radiologists. ln addition, the specialist observers participating in this study showed little knowledge of digital certification, mainly with respect to its legal and safety aspects. The system was proved safe, warranting the integrity of electronic files.


Subject(s)
Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Liability, Legal , Radiography, Dental, Digital
20.
UFES rev. odontol ; 10(2): 4-7, abr. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-565131

ABSTRACT

Os dentes decíduos são de fundamental importânciapara as crianças, pois contribuem para a mastigação, fonação e estética. Noentanto existem poucas pesquisas que avaliam os estágios de mineralização dessesdentes. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a cronologia de mineralização dosprimeiros e segundos molares decíduos inferiores direito e esquerdo. Materiale método: de 48 radiografias de crânios de brasileiros leucodermas, com idadeentre zero e três anos, foram obtidas do arquivo da disciplina de Radiologia daFaculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos, a fim de verificar se existiadiferença entre os estágios de mineralização. Resultados: Os resultados obtidosforam divididos em cinco grupos e a análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste?t? de Student pareado. Conclusão: Os dados mostraram que todos os gruposnão apresentaram diferenças significativas de estágios de mineralização para osmolares inferior decíduos direito e esquerdo.

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