ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused a sudden and unexpected increase in the number of hospital admissions and deaths worldwide. The impact of social distancing on blood stocks was significant. Data on the use of blood products by patients with COVID-19 are scarce. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted by analysing the medical records of 3014 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in 16 Brazilian hospitals. Individual data related to clinical, laboratory and transfusion characteristics and outcomes of these patients were collected. Patients characteristics association with mortality and transfusion need were tested independently by logistic regression models. RESULTS: Patients mean age was 57·6 years. In 2298 (76·2%) patients, there was an underlying clinical comorbidity. A total of 1657 (55%) patients required admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and 943 (31%) patients required ventilatory support and orotracheal intubation (OTI). There was a total of 471 (15·6%) deaths among all patients. 325 patients (10·7%) required blood transfusion; 3187 blood products were transfused: 1364 red blood cells in 303 patients, 1092 platelet units in 78 patients, 303 fresh frozen plasma in 49 patients and 423 cryoprecipitates in 21 patients. The mortality among patients who received transfusion was substantially higher than that among the total study population. CONCLUSION: Need for transfusion was low in COVID-19 patients, but significantly higher in patients admitted to ICU and in those who needed OTI. Knowledge of the transfusion profile of these patients allows better strategies for maintaining the blood stocks of hospitals during the pandemic.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Blood Transfusion , Brazil/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Hospitalization , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units , Respiration, Artificial , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The study analyzed the effectiveness of safety measures (seat belt, velocity control) in traffic. The parameters were the decrease in number and severity in head injury trauma (HIT). METHODS: Epidemiological study, based on the evaluation of secondary data about head injury. The data were analyzed between two periods, before (1992) and after (1997) measures implementation. RESULTS: We compared the indices (per 100.000 population) of victims in the two periods. In 1992 there were 125.5 victims, and in 1997 there were 155.8. From this total in group 1 we had 26.2 cases of HIT with 5.2 deaths, in 1997 we had 62.1 with 4.1 deaths. About severity: in the first period were 9.6 cases severe or moderate head injury, in group 2 there were 8.1 cases. CONCLUSIONS: There was an increase in the number of victims of HIT caused by automobile accidents in this period, however the severity of the trauma showed a small decrease, possibly security measures were not efficiently in reducing the number of cases but may have been successful in reducing deaths related to this accidents.
Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Craniocerebral Trauma/mortality , Safety , Brazil/epidemiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/prevention & control , Hospital Mortality , Humans , Protective Devices , Trauma Severity IndicesABSTRACT
Este estudo busca analisar a efetividade das medidas de segurança no trânsito (cinto de segurança, dispositivos de reduçäo de velocidade e faixa de pedestre), usando como parâmetro a diminuiçäo da freqüência de casos ou da gravidade do traumatismo crâniencefálico (TCE). MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo e analítico, baseado na avaliaçäo dos dados secundários sobre trauma no Distrito Federal. Os dados foram analisados em dois períodos, um anterior (1992) e outro posterior (1997) a adoçäo das medidas de segurança no trânsito. RESULTADOS: No estudo comparam-se os índices (por 100.000 habitantes) de vítimas entre os dois períodos. Em 1992 houve 125,5 casos (grupo 1), enquanto que em 1997 houve 155,8 (grupo 2). Deste total, no Grupo 1 tivemos 26,2 casos de TCE com 5,2 óbitos pelo agravo, no Grupo 2 tivemos 62,1 casos com 4,1 óbitos, ou seja, o TCE foi responsável por 82,5 por cento do óbitos no primeiro período e por 79,4 por cento no segundo. Quanto à gravidade no grupo 1, tivemos 9,6 casos e no Grupo 2 foram 8,1 casos de TCE moderado e grave. CONCLUSÄO: Houve um aumento relativo e absoluto do número de casos de TCE devido a acidentes automobilísticos no período, contudo foi reduzida a morbimortalidade hospitalar do traumatismo, sugerindo que as medidas de segurança näo foram efetivas para diminuir o número de casos, mas possam ter sido satisfatórias para reduzir a morbimortalidade decorrente deles
Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Traffic , Craniocerebral Trauma , Security Measures , Brazil , Accidents, Traffic , Trauma Severity Indices , Craniocerebral TraumaABSTRACT
O Prêmio Nobel de Fisiologia e Medicina de 1997 foi outorgado a Stanley Prusiner, por sua descoberta de que as encefalopatias espongiformes transmissíveis, agora também conhecidas por prionoses, um grupo heterogêneo de afecções humanas e de animais, caracterizadas por alterações degenerativas do sistema nervoso central, são causadas pela deposição, no cérebro da proteína príon, variante conformacional de uma proteína normalmente encontrada em vários tecidos. As prionoses são transmissíveis, levam à destruição neuronal e são invariavelmente fatais. As afecções humanas incluem o kuru, a doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, a síndrome de Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker e a insônia familiar fatal. O assunto vem despertando enorme interesse, como comprovam os 627 trabalhos científicos publicados nos últimos dois anos, não só pelas características únicas de seu agente causal, como também pela possibilidade de transmissão da doença bovina (encefalopatia espongiforme bovina ou "doença da vaca louca") a humanos, através do consumo de carne contaminada
