Characterization of muscle mass, strength and mobility of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: Distribution by sex, age, days on mechanical ventilation, and muscle weakness.

Objective: Quantify and categorize by sex, age, and time spent on mechanical ventilation (MV), the decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and mobility in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and requiring mechanical ventilation while at intensive care unit (ICU). Design: Prospective observational study including participants recruited between June 2020 and February 2021 at Hospital Clínico Herminda Martin (HCHM), Chillán, Chile. The thickness of the quadriceps muscle was evaluated by ultrasonography (US) at intensive care unit admission and awakening. Muscle strength and mobility were assessed, respectively, through the Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRC-SS) and the Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit Scale (FSS-ICU) both at awakening and at ICU discharge. Results were categorized by sex (female or male), age (<60 years old or ≥60 years old) and time spent on MV (≤10 days or >10 days). Setting: Intensive care unit in a public hospital. Participants: 132 participants aged 18 years old or above (women n = 49, 60 ± 13 years; men n = 85, 59 ± 12 years) admitted to intensive care unit with a confirmed diagnosis of severe SARS-CoV-2 and requiring MV for more than 48 h were included in the study. Patients with previous physical and or cognitive disorders were excluded. Interventions: Not applicable. Results: Muscle thickness have significantly decreased during intensive care unit stay, vastus intermedius (-11%; p = 0.025), rectus femoris (-20%; p < 0.001) and total quadriceps (-16%; p < 0.001). Muscle strength and mobility were improved at intensive care unit discharge when compared with measurements at awakening in intensive care unit (time effect, p < 0.001). Patients ≥60 years old or on MV for >10 days presented greater muscle loss, alongside with lower muscle strength and mobility. Conclusion: Critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and requiring MV presented decreased muscle mass, strength, and mobility during their intensive care unit stay. Factors associated with muscle mass, such as age >60 years and >10 days of MV, exacerbated the critical condition and impaired recovery.

Factores asociados al control metabólico en pacientes chilenos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Factors associated with metabolic control in Chilean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Fundamentos: Actualmente, el 8,3% de la población mundial adulta presenta Diabetes Mellitus (DM), estimándose que en 2030 esta enfermedad afectará al 9,9% de la población. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar qué factores ambientales están asociados a unos óptimos valores de hemoglobina glicosilada A1c (HbA1c) en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Métodos: Se evaluaron a 722 diabéticos tipo 2 de ambos sexos, entre 27 y 90 años. Los participantes fueron entrevistados en Centros de Salud Familiar de las ciudades de Santiago y Talcahuano. A cada una de las personas se le realizó una evaluación antropométrica, una encuesta de sueño de Pittsburg y se recabó información sobre su consumo de tabaco y actividad física. Resultados: El 37,7% de los sujetos presentaba Hb1Ac <7%; el consumo de tabaco OR=8,38 [IC95% 5,29-13,27] y roncar OR=1,60 [IC95%1,11-2,30] son factores de riesgo para presentar una HbA1c alta, en cambio realizar ejercicios OR=0,532 [IC95% 0,35-0,79] y tener un IMC normal OR=0,58 [0,33-0,86] son factores protectores. Conclusiones: El consumo de tabaco y roncar son factores de riesgo para tener alta HbA1c en cambio el realizar ejercicios de forma regular y tener un IMC normal son factores protectores (AU)

Background: Nowadays, the 8.3% of the adult population worldwide presents Diabetes Mellitus (DM), being estimated that in 2030 this disease will affect 9.9% of the population. The objective of this study is to determine what environmental factors are associated with optimal values of glycosylated hemoglobin 1A, (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Methods: 722 type 2 diabetic men and women were evaluated. Participants were interviewed at Family Health Centers of Santiago and Talcahuano. Each person was applied an anthropometric assessment, a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Survey, and information was collected on their tobacco consumption and physical activity. Results: 37.7% of subjects had HbA1c <7%, tobacco consumption OR=8.38 [95% CI 5.29- 13.27] and snoring OR=1.60 [95% CI 1.11-2.30] are risk factors for making a HbA1c, however exercises OR=0.532 [95% CI 0.35-0.79] and have a normal BMI OR=0.58 [0,33-0,86] are protective factors. Conclusions: Tobacco consumption and snoring are risk factors for having high levels of HbA1c, in contrast practice of regular exercise and a normal BMI are protective factors (AU)