ABSTRACT
Human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), one of the most common cancers in people living with HIV/AIDS. It is believe that the course of both HIV and HHV-8 infection is associated with the imbalance of anti- and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we evaluated the IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, CCL2 and CXCL10 serum concentrations in HIV- and HIV/HHV-8 (without KS) individuals, and in patients with cutaneous or visceral AIDS-KS. Serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and CXCL10 were significantly higher in the AIDS-KS group compared to HIV and HIV/HHV-8 individuals. Similarly, the concentrations of theses cytokines were higher in patients with visceral than in those with cutaneous AIDS-KS. The TNF-α concentration was significantly higher in the HIV group compared to HIV/HHV-8 (with and without KS) individuals, and CCL2 levels did not present significant difference among the groups. The HIV viral load was undetectable in all patients from the HIV and HIV/HHV-8 groups. On the other hand, in the AIDS-KS group, most patients had detectable HIV viral load. In this context, we believe that the cytokine levels in AIDS-KS may be result of a complex interaction between HIV, HHV-8 and immunity
Subject(s)
Humans , Sarcoma, Kaposi , HIV Infections , Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeABSTRACT
Human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), one of the most common cancers in people living with HIV/AIDS. It is believe that the course of both HIV and HHV-8 infection is associated with the imbalance of anti- and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we evaluated the IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, CCL2 and CXCL10 serum concentrations in HIV- and HIV/HHV-8 (without KS) individuals, and in patients with cutaneous or visceral AIDS-KS. Serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and CXCL10 were significantly higher in the AIDS-KS group compared to HIV and HIV/HHV-8 individuals. Similarly, the concentrations of theses cytokines were higher in patients with visceral than in those with cutaneous AIDS-KS. The TNF-α concentration was significantly higher in the HIV group compared to HIV/HHV-8 (with and without KS) individuals, and CCL2 levels did not present significant difference among the groups. The HIV viral load was undetectable in all patients from the HIV and HIV/HHV-8 groups. On the other hand, in the AIDS-KS group, most patients had detectable HIV viral load. In this context, we believe that the cytokine levels in AIDS-KS may be result of a complex interaction between HIV, HHV-8 and immunity.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood , Chemokine CXCL10/blood , HIV-1/metabolism , Herpesvirus 8, Human/metabolism , Interleukin-10/blood , Interleukin-6/blood , Sarcoma, Kaposi/blood , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sarcoma, Kaposi/complicationsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Apart from masking the diagnosis of AIDS in patients with HIV/AIDS, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), when present, also increases the risk of myelopathies and neurological disease in these patients. METHODS: Disease prevalence was estimated by ELISA and confirmed by Western blot. RESULTS: The coinfection rate was 1.5% (11/720); 10 of 11 patients had HTLV-1, and the remaining one had HTLV-2. The majority were male, over 40 years old, and of pardo color (ethnicity). CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between the risk factors examined and HTLV/HIV coinfection. This is the first study to report the occurrence of HTLV-2 in Pernambuco.
Subject(s)
Coinfection , HIV Infections/complications , HTLV-I Infections/complications , HTLV-II Infections/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Blotting, Western , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-II Infections/epidemiology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 , Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Apart from masking the diagnosis of AIDS in patients with HIV/AIDS, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), when present, also increases the risk of myelopathies and neurological disease in these patients. METHODS: Disease prevalence was estimated by ELISA and confirmed by Western blot. RESULTS: The coinfection rate was 1.5% (11/720); 10 of 11 patients had HTLV-1, and the remaining one had HTLV-2. The majority were male, over 40 years old, and of pardo color (ethnicity). CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between the risk factors examined and HTLV/HIV coinfection. This is the first study to report the occurrence of HTLV-2 in Pernambuco.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , HTLV-I Infections/complications , HTLV-II Infections/complications , HIV Infections/complications , Coinfection , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 , HTLV-II Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Blotting, Western , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Middle AgedABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Pharyngotonsillitis by ß-hemolytic Streptococcus mostly affects children and immunocompromised, being Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) the most common agent in bacterial pharyngotonsillitis. AIM: This work targeted the research of ß-hemolytic Streptococcus Group-A (SBHGA) and No-A (SBHGNA) in the oropharynx of individuals with special health needs from the APAE (Maceió-AL). METHOD: A prospective study with oropharynx samples from patients with Down syndrome and other mental disorders (test) and students from a private school (control) aged 5-15 years. Cultures in blood agar (5%) were identified through Gram/catalase tests and bacitracin/trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole disk diffusion method, applying the chi-squared statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 222 bacterial colonies were isolated in 74 individuals from APAE and 65 in the control group. In the test group, previous episodes of pharyngotonsillitis were reported by 36.49% (27/74) and 9.46% (7/74) were diagnosed with symptoms and/or signs suggestive of oropharynx infection. No positive sample of S. pyogenes was confirmed at APAE, being all samples classified as SBHGNA, with 5 SBHGA in the control group. CONCLUSION: The early identification of ß-hemolytic Streptococcus is important for the fast treatment of pharyngotonsillitis and the absence of S. pyogenes avoid future suppurative or not-suppurative sequels in the group from APAE.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/microbiology , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Case-Control Studies , Child , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes/drug effects , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Faringotonsilite causada por Streptococcus β-hemolítico afeta principalmente crianças e imunocomprometidos, sendo Streptococcus pyogenes (Grupo A) o agente mais comum em faringotonsilites bacterianas. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho objetivou a busca por Streptococcus β-hemolítico do Grupo A (SBHGA) e Não A (SBHGNA) na orofaringe de indivíduos com necessidades especiais da APAE (Maceió-AL). MÉTODO:Estudo prospectivo com amostras da orofaringe de pacientes com síndrome de Down e outras desordens mentais (teste) e estudantes de escola privada (controle) de 5-15 anos. Culturas em ágar sangue (5%) foram identificadas através dos testes de Gram/catalase e o método de disco difusão com bacitracina/sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim, aplicando-se o teste Chi-quadrado em análises estatísticas. RESULTADOS: Um total de 222 colônias bacterianas foram isoladas em 74 indivíduos da APAE e 65 no grupo controle. No grupo teste, episódios prévios de faringotonsilites foram relatados por 36,49% (27/74) e 9,46% (7/74) foram diagnosticados com sintomas e/ou sinais sugestivos de infecção orofaríngea. Nenhuma amostra de S. pyogenes foi confirmada na APAE, sendo todas identificadas como SBHGNA, com cinco SBHGA no grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO:A identificação precoce de Streptococcus β-hemolítico é importante para o tratamento rápido de faringotonsilites e a ausência de S. pyogenes evita futuras sequelas supurativas ou não supurativas no grupo da APAE.
Pharyngotonsillitis by β-hemolytic Streptococcus mostly affects children and imunocompromissed, being Streptococcuspyogenes (Group A) the most common agent in bacterial pharyngotonsillitis. AIM:This work targeted the research of β-hemolytic Streptococcus Group-A (SBHGA) and No-A (SBHGNA) in the oropharynx of individuals with special health needs from the APAE (Maceió-AL). METHOD: A prospective study with oropharynx samples from patients with Down syndrome and other mental disorders (test) and students from a private school (control) aged 5-15 years. Cultures in blood agar (5%) were identified through Gram/catalase tests and bacitracin/trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole disk diffusion method, applying the chi-squared statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 222 bacterial colonies were isolated in 74 individuals from APAE and 65 in the control group. In the test group, previous episodes of pharyngotonsillitis were reported by 36.49% (27/74) and 9.46% (7/74) were diagnosed with symptoms and/or signs suggestive of oropharynx infection. No positive sample of S. pyogenes was confirmed at APAE, being all samples classified as SBHGNA, with 5 SBHGA in the control group. CONCLUSION: The early identification of β-hemolytic Steptococcus is important for the fast treatment of pharyngotonsillitis and the absence of S. pyogenes avoid future suppurative or not-suppurative sequels in the group from APAE.