Epidural anesthesia for cesarean section with 0.125% versus 0.25% bupivacaine: An Ecuadorian prospective cohort.

ANTECEDENTES: En una cesárea se puede emplear analgesia epidural con bupivacaína 0.125% and lidocaína 1.5% ó bupivacaína 0.25% and lidocaína 1.0%. Una concentración mayor de bupivacaína alcanza mayor analgesia con más eventos adversos. OBJETIVO: evaluar la analgesia y seguridad de bupivacaína 0.125% and lidocaína 1.5% ó bupivacaína 0.25% and lidocaína 1.0%. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Cohorte prospectivo estratificado según ambas concentraciones de bupivacaína. RESULTADOS: Se recuperó cien gestantes a término (cincuenta por cohorte). A los 20 y 30 minutos tras la administración epidural hubo más casos con mayor bloqueo motor en quienes se empleó bupivacaína 0.125% and lidocaína 1.5% (p = 0.0229 y p = 0.0006, respectivamente). No hubo diferencia significativa respecto al bloqueo sensitivo. Bupivacaína 0.25% and lidocaína 1.5% mostró una tencencia a la hipotensión (p < 0.001) y a la bradicardia (p = 0.4100). De la cohorte de bupivacaína 0.125% and lidocaína 1.5%, 25 casos (50%) presentaron cuando menos un evento adverso, en contraste con 44/50 (88%) de la cohorte de bupivacaína 0.25% and lidocaína 1.0% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIÓN: En la analgesia epidural durante cesárea, bupivacaína 0.125% and lidocaína 1.5% está asociado con un efecto analgésico similar a bupivacaína 0.25% and lidocaína 1.0%. Sin embargo, mayores concentraciones están significativamente relacionadas con mayor tasa de eventos adversos (especialmente hipotensión). BACKGROUND: In a cesarean section, epidural analgesia with 0.125% bupivacaine and 1.5% lidocaine or 0.25% bupivacaine with 1.0% lidocaine concentrations can be used. A higher concentration of bupivacaine reaches better analgesia but with a higher rate of drug-related adverse events. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess analgesia and safety of 0.125% bupivacaine and 1.5% lidocaine or 0.25% bupivacaine with 1.0% lidocaine during cesarean. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective cohort stratified following both bupivacaine concentrations. RESULTS: One hundred women with full-term pregnancies were selected (fifty per cohort). At 20 and 30 min after epidural administration, there was a higher proportion of motor blockade cases from the 0.125% bupivacaine and 1.5% lidocaine cohort (p = 0.0229 and p = 0.0006, respectively). There was no significant difference among sensitive blockage. A 0.25% bupivacaine and 1.0% lidocaine concentration showed a tendency to hypotension (p < 0.001) and bradycardia (p = 0.4100). From 0.125% bupivacaine and 1.5% lidocaine cohort, 25 cases (50%) presented at least one adverse event; in contrast with 44/50 (88%) from 0.25% bupivacaine and 1.0% lidocaine cohort (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In epidural analgesia during cesarean, using 0.125% bupivacaine and 1.5% lidocaine presented similar analgesia than 0.25% bupivacaine and 1.0% lidocaine. However, a higher bupivacaine concentration is significantly related to more frequent drug-related adverse events (especially hypotension).

Oncoxin-Viusid® may improve quality of life and survival in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer undergoing onco-specific treatments.

The aim of the present study was to identify the efficacy and safety of Oncoxin-Viusid (OV) as a supportive treatment for patients with prostate cancer (PCA). A prospective, non-randomised, open-label phase II clinical trial, including 25 patients with hormone-refractory PCA (HRPC) was conducted at the Hospital Universitario General Calixto García (Havana, Cuba) between June 2017 and March 2018. Each of the patients received chemotherapy (CTX) and/or radiotherapy (RT) and OV treatment. Patients had a mean age of 73 years, clinical stage IV cancer and a high risk of relapse. Six cycles of CTX were completed by 80% of the patients, adverse reactions decreased and no weight loss was observed. Among the 25 patients, 5 were lost to follow-up and 4 died of disease progression. A total of 16 of these patients survived, of which 15 had an improved quality of life and 10 responded to treatment, with a significant reduction in pain and prostate symptoms and ≥50% reduction in baseline PSA. The progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 59% and the overall survival (OS) rate 64% at 1 year after treatment began. The OV nutritional supplement was effective, leading to a significant improvement in the patients' quality of life, good nutritional status and greater treatment tolerance. A clinical and humoral response was observed, with high survival rates and a delayed appearance of signs of disease progression. The present study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov PRS with ID #NCT03543670.

Co-infection and Disease Severity of Ohio Maize dwarf mosaic virus and Maize chlorotic dwarf virus Strains.

Two major maize viruses have been reported in the United States: Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV). These viruses co-occur in regions where maize is grown, such that co-infections are likely. Co-infection of different strains of MCDV is also observed, and a synergistic enhancement of symptoms in co-infected plants was previously reported. Here, we examined the impact of co-infections of two strains of MCDV (MCDV-S and MCDV-M1, severe and mild, respectively), and co-infections of MCDV and MDMV in the sweet corn hybrid 'Spirit' in greenhouse experiments. Quantitative plant growth and development parameters were measured and virus accumulation was measured by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Virus symptoms were enhanced and plants showed no recovery over time in co-infections of MDMV-OH and MCDV-S but virus titers and quantitative growth parameters did not indicate synergy in co-infected plants. MCDV-M1 co-infections with either MDMV-OH or MCDV-S did not show symptom enhancement or evidence of synergism.

Índice glucémico y masa corporal de ratones sometidos a un programa de actividad física / Glycemic index and body mass of rats submitted to a physical program

La cantidad de carbohidratos consumida es la carga glucémica de la dieta que resulta del efecto glucémico como un todo. El Índice Glucémico (IG) es un factor que diferencia los carbohidratos y se relaciona con la concentración de azúcar en la sangre. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar los efectos del índice glucémico (IG) de los alimentos en la masa corporal de 30 ratones wistar hembras sometidos a un programa de actividad física. Los animales fueron observados durante 45 días los cuales fueron divididos en seis grupos, formados aleatoriamente: grupos con actividad física – grupo con dieta de alto índice glucémico (AIG) - G1, grupo con dieta de bajo índice glucémico (BIG) - G2 y el G3 con dieta de ración comercial (Labina); grupos sin actividad física – el grupo con dieta de AIG - G4, grupo con dieta de BIG - G5 y el G6 con ración comercial para ratones. Los grupos con actividad física pasaron por una etapa de adaptación en los cinco primeros días de entrenamiento. Los animales fueron pesados en el inicio y al final de 45 días, donde permanecieron en jaulas individuales recibiendo agua, y sus respectivas dietas con 70 kcal/día. La ANOVA de medidas repetidas reveló que hubo alteración en la masa corporal de los animales de los G3 (A%=10,89%; p =0,0001) y G6 (A%=17,10%; p = 0,0001) cuando comparados a los del G1 (A%= -10,07%; p = 0,0001), G2 (A% = -7,91%;p = 0,0001), G4 (A% = -2,01%; p = 0,0001) y G5 (A% =-4,21%; p = 0,0001), respectivamente. Se concluye que el IG de los alimentos no causó alteración de la masa corporal de los animales estudiados, sin embargo, se sugiere que el ejercicio físico pueda tener interferido en las diferencias de los grupos G1 y G2 (AU)

The amount of carbohydrate consumed is the glycemic index of the diet that results from the glycemic effect as a whole. The Glycemic Index (IG) is a factor that differentiates the carbohydrate and is related to the concentration of sugar in blood. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of glycemic index (IG) in body mass of rats submitted to a physical activity program. Were observed 30 Wistar rats, females, which were divided into six groups randomly formed, namely: groups with physical activity - group with high glycemic index diet (AIG)-G1, with low glycemic index diet (BIG)-G2 and G3 with dietof commercial food (Labina); groups without physical activity- the group with AIG-G4 diet, with a diet of BIG-G5 and G6 with commercial food for rats. The groups with physical activity went through a stage adaptation during the first five days of training. The practice of this activity occurred in the same time, in a pool type aquarium. The animals were weighed at the beginning and at the end of 45 days, where they remained in individual cages receiving water, and their diets with 70 kcal/day. The animals were weighed at the beginning and end of 45days, where they remained in individual cages, receiving the irrespective diets with 70 kcal/day. The ANOVA of repeated measures revealed that there were changes in body mass of animals from G3 (A% = 10.89%, p = 0.0001) and G6 (A% = 17.10%,p = 0.0001) when compared with the G1 (A% = -10.07%, p =0.0001), G2 (A% = -7.91%, p = 0.0001), G4 (A% = -2.01%,p = 0.0001) and G5 (A% = -4.21%, p = 0.0001), respectively. It is concluded that the IG of foods do not cause any changes in body mass of animals studied, however, it is suggested that exercise may have affected the differences in the G1 and G2 (AU)