Relación entre la capacidad adquirida y el riesgo suicida / Relationship between acquired capacity and suicidal risk

La Teoría interpersonal del suicidio señala que la capacidad adquirida hace referencia a que la exposición repetida al dolor conlleva una habituación a estas experiencias, esto es lo que conlleva que el individuo, si cuenta también con la ideación suicida, pueda llevar a cabo el suicidio consumado. Por eso, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar las diferencias en la capacidad adquirida sobre la base de la existencia o no de riesgo suicida. Los resultados avalan los encontrados en otras investigaciones, observándose que, entre las personas con riesgo suicida y sin riesgo, existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas, siendo los que están en riesgo los que obtienen las medias más elevadas. Por lo tanto, la variable capacidad adquirida se muestra como una variable altamente relacionada con el riesgo suicida. (AU)

The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide states that acquired capability refers to the fact that repeated exposure to pain leads to habituation to these experiences, which is what leads the individual, if he or she also has suicidal ideation, to commit suicide. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the differences in the acquired capability on the basis of the existence or not of suicidal risk. The results support those found in other studies, showing that there are statistically significant differences between those at risk and those not at risk, with those at risk having the highest mean scores. Therefore, the acquired capability variable is shown to be a variable highly related to suicidal risk. (AU)

Validation of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II in Spanish University Students.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyse the psychometric properties of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II (CEI-II) to provide evidence of validity for its use in research on health promotion and the quality of life of young Spanish university students. METHOD: A sample of 807 participants (75.09% female) aged 18-26 years (M = 20.68; SD = 2.13) completed the CEI-II and health and quality of life measures questionnaire. RESULTS: A unidimensional structure was confirmed, but the original two-dimensional structure also showed an adequate fit. The measures obtained from the CEI-II were gender- and age-invariant, which exhibited adequate internal consistency for both the full scale and subscales, and showed a statistically significant relationship with life satisfaction, sense of coherence, and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: The CEI-II can be used as unidimensional, which is recommended, but also as a two-dimensional measure. Both structures provide reliable, valid, and invariant measures across gender and age of exploratory behaviours in Spanish university students. Furthermore, the results confirm the association between exploratory behaviours and greater health management.

Validación de las Escalas Uso Problemático de Medios con Pantallas y su versión corta en población española / Validation of the Problematic Media Use Measure (PMUM) and its short version in the Spanish population

El uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en edades tempranas es cada vez más generalizado. El objetivo de este trabajo fueaportar evidencias de validez y de fiabilidad de la adaptación al español de la Escala de Uso Problemático de Medios con Pantallas (Problematic MediaUse Measure) y su versión corta (Problematic Media Use Measure Short Form). Ambas evalúan el uso problemático de los medios con pantalla enmenores de 4 a 11 años, con la información proporcionada por sus progenitores. La evidencia de validez se basó en el análisis de su estructura internay su relación con otras variables, y la estimación de su fiabilidad se basó en el modelo Omega de McDonald. La muestra consistió en 230 progenitoresde alumnos de dos centros de educación infantil y primaria de la provincia de Huelva (España), con una edad media de 39.58 años (DE = 5.70). Losprogenitores aportaron datos de 230 menores, con edades entre los 4 y los 11 años (M = 8.65; DT = 2.12). De estos, 111 eran niños (48.3%) y116 niñas (50.4%), con tres participantes omitiendo el género. Los resultados, obtenidos mediante un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, muestran queambas escalas se ajustan a un modelo unidimensional y cuentan con altos valores de confiabilidad (valor Omega de McDonald de .96 para la escalacompleta y de .90 para la reducida). Se encontró que los dispositivos más utilizados fueron TV, DVD y vídeos, y que su uso se correlacionó positiva ysignificativamente con la preocupación de los padres. Ambas escalas en su versión española se muestran como instrumentos útiles para evaluar el usoproblemático de los medios con pantallas a partir del reporte de los padres. (AU)

The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) at an early age is becoming more widespread. The aim of this work was to provide evidence of validity and reliability ofthe Spanish adaptation of the Problematic Media Use Measure and its short version (Problematic Media Use Measure Short Form). Both evaluatethe problematic media use in children aged 4 to 11 years, by means of the information provided by their parents. The validity evidence was basedon the assessment of its internal structure and its relationship with other variables, and the estimation of its reliability was based on McDonald’sOmega model. The sample consisted of 230 parents of students from two early childhood and primary education centers in the province of Huelva(Spain), with a mean age of 39.58 years (SD = 5.70). Parents provided data on 230 minors, aged between 4 and 11 years (M = 8.65; SD = 2.12).Of these, 111 were boys (48.3%) and 116 girls (50.4%), with three participants omitting gender. The results, obtained by means of a ConfirmatoryFactor Analysis (CFA), shows that both scales fit a unidimensional model and have high reliability values (McDonald’s Omega value of .96 for the fullscale and .90 for the reduced scale). It was found that the most used devices were TV, DVD and videos, and that their use correlated positive andsignificantly with parental concern. Both scales in their Spanish version are shown to be useful instruments for the assessment of the problematicmedia use by means of the parents report. (AU)

Mediterranean Diet, Psychological Adjustment and Health Perception in University Students: The Mediating Effect of Healthy and Unhealthy Food Groups.

This study aims to identify the relationships between eating habits and psychological adjustment and health perception, and to analyze potential mediating role of healthy and unhealthy foods in the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the psychological constructs and health perception. The sample was selected through stratified random cluster sampling and was composed of 788 university students. The participants responded to a MedDiet adherence screener and food consumption inventory to assess the eating habits, instruments measuring self-esteem, life satisfaction, curiosity and sense of coherence to assess the psychological adjustment, and single item measuring perceived health. The results revealed 41.9% of the participants had a high consumption of vegetables and 85.1% a low consumption of energy drinks, while 29.9% showed a high adherence to the MedDiet which was positively associated to each psychological variable and healthy foods and negatively with unhealthy foods. In conclusion, a higher adherence to the MedDiet, and the consumption of fruits and vegetables is related to higher psychological adjustment and health perception. However, the relationships between MedDiet and the psychological variables and health perception were fully or partially explained because of the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods.

[Evaluation of visual attentional biases in a sample of university smokers]. / Valoración de sesgos atencionales visuales en una muestra de fumadores universitarios.

The tobacco consumption continues being a worrying problem due to the negative consequences in the health. At presents, strategies of prevention based on the persuasion across clue pictures are used, which need to attract the attention of the smoker in order that they are effective. Nevertheless, the number of experimental studies in Spain on attentional biases in smokers is very limited. For it, in this study the aim was to verify the presence of visual attentional biases using the dot probe task in university smokers, stage where the smoking habit is consolidated. The sample was constituted by 337 students of the University of Huelva, with ages between 17 and 30 years. The participation was voluntary and the participants signed an informed assent. 135 subjects presented consumption history, which were distributed, according to classification of the WHO, in daily smokers, occasional smokers and former smokers. A experimental Ex post facto prospective design was used. The results showed that the smokers group was significantly later time to respond to the clue located in the same place that the tobacco picture than the group of not smokers. This shows that the smokers presented more difficulty to disconnect the attention towards smoking cues than not smokers.

Valoración de sesgos atencionales visuales en una muestra de fumadores universitarios / Evaluation of visual attentional biases in a sample of university smokers

El consumo de tabaco sigue siendo un problema preocupante debido a las consecuencias negativas que provoca en la salud. Actualmente, están empleándose estrategias de prevención basadas en la persuasión a través de imágenes, las cuales necesitan atraer la atención del fumador para que sean efectivas. Sin embargo, el número de estudios experimentales en España sobre sesgos atencionales en fumadores es muy reducido. Por ello, el objetivo planteado en este estudio fue comprobar la presencia de sesgos atencionales visuales a través de la tarea de detección del punto en fumadores universitarios, etapa donde se consolida el hábito tabáquico. La muestra estuvo formada por 337 estudiantes de la Universidad de Huelva, con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 30 años. La participación fue voluntaria y efectuada tras firmar un consentimiento informado. Hubo 135 sujetos con historia de consumo, los cuales se distribuyeron, según clasificación de la OMS, en fumadores diarios, fumadores ocasionales y exfumadores. Se utilizó un diseño de tipo Ex post facto prospectivo. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo de fumadores tardaba significativamente más tiempo en responder a las claves estimulares cuando aparecían situadas en el mismo lugar que la imagen relacionada con el tabaco que el grupo de no fumadores. Esto refleja una mayor dificultad a la hora de dejar de prestar atención hacia los estímulos relacionados con el tabaco por parte del grupo fumador con respecto al grupo no fumador (AU)

The tobacco consumption continues being a worrying problem due to the negative consequences in the health. At presents, strategies of prevention based on the persuasion across clue pictures are used, which need to attract the attention of the smoker in order that they are effective. Nevertheless, the number of experimental studies in Spain on attentional biases in smokers is very limited. For it, in this study the aim was to verify the presence of visual attentional biases using the dot probe task in university smokers, stage where the smoking habit is consolidated. The sample was constituted by 337 students of the University of Huelva, with ages between 17 and 30 years. The participation was voluntary and the participants signed an informed assent. 135 subjects presented consumption history, which were distributed, according to classification of the WHO, in daily smokers, occasional smokers and former smokers. A experimental Ex post facto prospective design was used. The results showed that the smokers group was significantly later time to respond to the clue located in the same place that the tobacco picture than the group of not smokers. This shows that the smokers presented more difficulty to disconnect the attention towards smoking cues than not smokers (AU)