Ritidoplastia y manejo del cuello postbariátrico: técnica con disección cervical extendida / Rithydoplasty and postbariatric neck management: extended cervical disection technique

Introducción y objetivo: La ritidoplastia ha tenido una evolución constante desde su descripción, sin embargo, siempre ha estado dirigida a pacientes que la solicitan por envejecimiento natural, enfocándose a la región centrofacial.El objetivo de este trabajo es describir una técnica quirúrgica dirigida a pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica que, tras perder masivamente peso, presentan secuelas severas no solo en cara sino también en cuello.Material y método.Técnica de ritidoplastia con disección cervical extendida (hasta borde supraclavicular) para liberar piel y obtener mayor tracción, que junto a plicatura lateral del platisma, corrigen el aspecto de cuello pesado característico de los pacientes con pérdida ponderal importante mediante supracorrección de ángulo mentocervical y surco cervicofacial. Evaluamos la eficacia por los resultados obtenidos y la seguridad por las complicaciones presentadas.Resultados.Recogemos 65 pacientes que cumplieron protocolo perioperatorio postbariátrico y presentaron secuelas severas que ameritaron el procedimiento. El 97.4% mujeres, edad promedio de 44.7 años; 98.7% sometido a bypass gástrico con pérdida promedio de 52.55 kg. En el 67.69% practicamos ritidoplastia como tercer tiempo quirúrgico (tras contorno inferior y superior). Tiempo quirúrgico promedio de 3.7 horas y complicaciones generales del 9.18%. En cuento a la satisfacción en la corrección de secuelas, el 84.6% reportó un resultado satisfactorio alto y el 12.3% moderado.Conclusiones.La técnica de ritidoplastia con disección extendida de cuello en pacientes postbariátricos resulta eficaz, segura y sobre todo, reproducible. (AU)

Background and objective: Rithydoplasty had a constant evolution since its description, however, it has always been directed at patients who request it due to the natural aging process, with all techniques focusing on the central facial region.The objective of this paper is to describe a surgical technique aimed at patients who underwent bariatric surgery and who, after losing weight on a massive scale, had severe sequelae not only on the face but also on the neck.Methods.A rithydoplasty technique was performed with extended dissection of the cervical region (up to the supraclavicular edge), to free the skin from the area and achieve greater traction, which, together with a lateral plication of the platysma, correct that aspect of heavy neck characteristic of patients with significant weight losses through over correction of the menthocervical angle and the cervicofacial sulcus. Efficacy was evaluated by the results obtained and safety according to the complications presented.Results.Sixty-five patients who complied with the postbariatric perioperative protocol and with severe sequelae were included; 97.4% were women, average aged 44.7 years; 98.7% underwent gastric bypass, with an average loss of 52.55 kg. The 67.69% underwent rhytidoplasty as the third surgical time (after lower and upper body lifting). The average surgical time was 3.7 hours and the general complications were 9.18%. Regarding satisfaction in the correction of sequelae, 84.6% reported a high satisfactory result and 12.3% moderate.Conclusions.Rhytidoplasty with extended neck dissection in postbariatric patients is an effective technique, safe and, most of all, a reproducible technique. (AU)

Respuesta al comentario de la Dra. Rincón Rubio / No disponible

No disponible

Colitis pseudomembranosa tras abdominoplastia circunferencial postbariátrica. Caso clínico / Pseudomembranous colitis after post-bariatric circumferential abdominoplasty. Case report

Los pacientes que se someten a cirugía reconstructiva del contorno corporal tras pérdida masiva de peso secundaria a cirugía bariátrica, presentan cambios importantes en la microbiota intestinal, sus propiedades antimicrobianas y en la absorción de nutrientes. Estas alteraciones, sumadas al uso de antibióticos profilácticos para cirugía y agentes reductores de la motilidad intestinal, los vuelven susceptibles a infecciones nosocomiales por oportunistas como el Clostridium difficile, que tiene una presentación clínica que varía desde las formas leves hasta la colitis fulminante. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con pérdida masiva de peso posterior a un bypass gástrico, a quien se le realizó abdominoplastia circunferencial en flor de lis y que en el postoperatorio mediato presentó colitis pseudomembranosa tras autorrecetarse loperamida y que a pesar de los tratamientos agresivos utilizados, requirió abordaje quirúrgico con colectomía subtotal por el desarrollo de megacolon tóxico. Finalmente se logró resolver el cuadro séptico pero con secuelas gastrointestinales inherentes a una resección intestinal y disminución de la calidad de vida. Es de suma importancia la educación de los pacientes con pérdida masiva de peso respecto a las posibles complicaciones de la cirugía reconstructiva y los medicamentos utilizados, así como de su apego al tratamiento indicado por su médico (AU)

Patients undergoing reconstructive surgery of body contour after massive weight loss due to bariatric surgery, suffer important changes in the intestinal microbiota, its antimicrobial properties and the nutrient absorption capacity. These abnormalities, plus the utilization of prophylactic antibiotics for surgery and intestinal motility reducing agents, make patients vulnerable to nosocomial infections by opportunists such as Clostridium difficile, which has a clinical presentation that oscillates from mild to fulminant colitis. We present a case of a patient with massive weight loss after a bypass surgery who underwent circumferential abdominoplasty in fleur de lis and presented pseudomembranous colitis in the postoperative period after self-administration of loperamide. Despite aggressive treatments, the patient required surgery with subtotal colectomy due to the development of toxic megacolon. Finally, she managed to overcome sepsis, however with gastrointestinal sequels that diminish quality of life. It is extremely important to educate patients with massive weight loss about possible complications of reconstructive surgery and medications used, as well as their adherence to prescriptions made by the treating physician (AU)

Guía clínica para el manejo interdisciplinario del paciente con secuelas de pérdida masiva de peso durante la cirugía plástica reconstructive / Interdisciplinary clinical guidelines for massive weight loss patients during plastic reconstructive surgery

Antecedentes y Objetivos. La obesidad está considerada como una pandemia y México ocupa uno de los primeros lugares mundiales en número de casos en población adulta y el primero en el grupo infantil. Desde 2008 se pusieron en marcha Unidades de Cirugía Bariátrica para el manejo del paciente obeso, con lo cual se inició también la Reconstrucción postpérdida masiva de peso por los Servicios de Cirugía Plástica. Sin embargo, no existen protocolos descritos de manejo perioperatorio de este tipo de pacientes en nuestro país. El objetivo del presente trabajo es crear una guía clínica para el manejo interdisciplinario del paciente con secuelas de pérdida masiva de peso basada en los resultados obtenidos en un centro de reconstrucción postbariátrica. Material y Método. Creamos para ello un equipo de expertos de cada área involucrada y se estandarizó el manejo pre, trans y postoperatorio de todos los pacientes con secuelas de pérdida masiva de peso a fin de evaluar los resultados obtenidos. Resultados. Se realizaron 314 procedimientos reconstructivos en 144 pacientes postbariátricos. El 93% fueron de sexo femenino. La edad promedio fue de 37.2 años. Los procedimientos realizados fueron: abdominoplastia en un 39.17%; mastopexia en un 10.5%; torsoplastia en un 7.69%; braquioplastia en un 7.01%; cruroplastia en un 5.09%; y ritidoplastia en un 2.54%. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 221.2 minutos, con un sangrado transoperatorio medio de 275 ml. Las complicaciones presentadas alcanzaron el 4.77% y la mortalidad fue de 0%. Las recomendaciones emitidas por cada experto involucrado en el proceso de reconstrucción permitieron obtener resultados favorables en relación a la morbi-mortalidad, que fue equiparable e incluso inferior a la reportada en otras series. Conclusiones. Creemos que el seguimiento de una guía clínica basada en la estandarización del manejo de 314 procedimientos en una población con características similares, nos permite realizar la reconstrucción postpérdida masiva de peso de forma eficaz y segura (AU)

Background and Objectives. Obesity is now considered a pandemic problem. México occupies one of the highest places in the world with adults and children with obesity or overweight. In 2008 multiple Bariatric Surgery Centers were created in the country. Therefore, the massive weight loss reconstruction started to be performed by Plastic Surgery Services. They lack of clinical practice guidelines. Our objective is to create an interdisciplinary clinical practice guidelines for the massive weight loss patient reconstruction, based on the results and experience of a Postbariatric Reconstruction Center. Methods. A highly specialized interdisciplinary team was created in order to perform a complete clinical evaluation before the patients was operated by Plastic Surgery. All the perioperative management was standarized by every clinical area and we described the guidelines based on the final results. Results. AA total of 314 reconstruction procedures were performed in 144 postbariatric patients. The 93% of the population were female. Average age was 37.2 years old. The procedures performed were: abdominoplasty in 39.17%; mastope; and rhytidectomy in 2.54%. Average surgical time were 221.2 minutes. Intraoperative haemorrage was 275 ml as an average. Complications were developed in the 4.77% of the procedures with a mortality rate of 0%. The recomendations emitted by every clinical expert, awolled to obtain a good outcome concerning about the low rate of morbility and mortality, even better than other international series described. Conclusions. The application of clinical guidelines in the management of massive weight patient sustained in a 314 postbariatric Plastic Surgery procedure in a standarized population allows to perform an effective and safe surgery (AU)

[Surgical team satisfaction levels between two preoperative hand-washing methods]. / Niveles de satisfacción del equipo quiúirgico entre dos métodos de lavado de mano.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, there have been new antiseptics for surgical scrub that do not require brushing. One of them contains 1% chlorhexidine gluconate and 61% ethyl alcohol; within its benefits, it may offer a low potential for skin sensitization, as well as cost savings and less use of water. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate satisfaction levels, washing time, safety, cost and amount of water between the traditional surgical scrub technique (group A) and brush-free surgical scrub procedure (group B). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred clean and clean-contaminated surgeries with four hundred members of surgical teams were included. Satisfaction levels, hand-washing time, skin disorders and problems associated with placement of gloves were evaluated. Hands cultures were taken in 20% of the population and the amount of water used by patients in group A was measured. Total costs and wound infections were analyzed. RESULTS: Satisfaction scale in group A was 9.1 +/- 1.39 and 9.5 +/- 1.54 in group B (p = 0.004). The mean hand-washing time was 3.9 +/- 1.07 min in group A and 2.0 +/- 0.47 min in group B (p = 0.00001). Thirteen patients had dry skin in group A and four in group B (6.5% vs. 2%; p = 0.02). There were ten positives cultures in group A and five in group B (25% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.152). Wound infection rate was 3%. On average, five-hundred eighty liters of water were used by the former group, and the estimated hand-washing cost was lower in the second group. CONCLUSIONS: The handwashing technique with CGEA is as effective as traditional surgical scrub technique, and it is associated with less washing time, dry skin, cost and use of water.

[First experience in surgical treatment of hemorrhoidal disease using the PPH stapler]. / Experiencia inicial en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad hemorroidal con la engrapadora PPH.

BACKGROUND: Haemorrhoidal disease is a frequent entity worldwide. The surgical management is indicated in third or fourth degree internal hemorrhoidal disease. The conventional hemorrhoidectomy has showed good results but the severe postoperative pain is an important complain. Currently diverse surgical alternatives have been described, mainly to avoid the postoperative pain that follows surgical hemorrhoidectomy. One of these new options is the stapled hemorrhoidectomy using the PPH stapler. This procedure may produce less postoperative pain, with a shorter inpatient stay and faster return to work. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to analyze the results of using the Procedure for Prolapsed Hemorrhoids (PPH) as treatment in Hemorrhoidal Disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an observational and descriptive study, where 17 patients underwent stapled hemorrhoidectomy with PPH procedure, between March 2000 and August 2003. RESULTS: 52.8% of this patients presented grade three internal hemorrhoids and 47.2% grade four; 52.9% presented mild postoperative pain; 41.2% moderate and 5.9% severe pain. In a short and median follow up, due to the persistence of hemorrhoidal disease symptoms two patients required surgical re-intervention. Two more patients presented incontinency. One patient presented stenosis in the line of staples treated satisfactory with an anal dilatation session. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PPH is a feasible and safe procedure and it could be a surgical alternative in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease, even before than conventional hemorrhoidectomy.

Experiencia inicial en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad hemorroidal con la engrapadora PPH / First experience in surgical treatment of hemorrhoidal disease using the PPH stapler

Background. Haemorrhoidal disease is a frequent entity worldwide. The surgical management is indicated in third or fourth degree internal hemorrhoidal disease. The conventional hemorrhoidectomy has showed good results but the severe postoperative pain is an important complain. Currently diverse surgical alternatives have been described, mainly to avoid the postoperative pain that follows surgical hemorrhoidectomy. One of these new options is the stapled hemorrhoidectomy using the PPH stapler. This procedure may produce less postoperative pain, with a shorter inpatient stay and faster return to work. Objective. The aim of this paper is to analyze the results of using the Procedure for Prolapsed Hemorrhoids (PPH) as treatment in Hemorrhoidal Disease. Material and methods. This is an observational and descriptive study, where 17 patients underwent stapled hemorrhoidectomy with PPH procedure, between march 2000 and august 2003. Results. 52.8% of this patients presented grade three internal hemorrhoids and 47.2% grade four; 52.9% presented mild postoperative pain; 41.2% moderate and 5.9% severe pain. In a short and median follow up, due to the persistence of hemorrhoidal disease symptoms two patients required surgical re-intervention. Two more patients presented incontinency. One patient presented stenosis in the line of staples treated satisfactory with an anal dilatation session. Conclusions. The use of PPH is a feasible and safe procedure and it could be a surgical alternative in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease, even before than conventional hemorrhoidectomy.

Introducción. La enfermedad hemorroidal tiene una prevalencia elevada en nuestro medio. El tratamiento quirúrgico está indicado cuando se presenta enfermedad hemorroidal interna grado III y IV. La hemorroidectomía convencional ha demostrado tener buenos resultados; sin embargo, el dolor postoperatorio es un inconveniente frecuente. Por ello se han propuesto otras alternativas entre las que se encuentra la hemorroidectomía con engrapadora (PPH), que puede ocasionar menor dolor postoperatorio y una recuperación más rápida. Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los resultados a corto y mediano plazos del uso de la engrapadora PPH en la enfermedad hemorroidal. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y observacional de 17 pacientes sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico con engrapadora PPH entre marzo de 2000 a agosto de 2003. Resultados. De los pacientes, 52.8% presentó hemorroides internas grado III y 47.2% grado IV. Presentaron dolor mínimo postoperatorio, 52.9%; 41.2% moderado y 5.9% dolor intenso. Debido a persistencia sintomática dos pacientes fueron reintervenidos quirúrgicamente. Dos más presentaron incontinencia. Un paciente presentó estenosis en la línea de grapas, tratado satisfactoriamente mediante una sesión de dilatación anal. Conclusiones. El empleo de la engrapadora PPH es un método factible y seguro que puede proponerse como una alternativa de elección antes de la hemorroidectomía convencional.

[Surgical treatment for colonic diverticular disease. Experience in the INCMNSZ]. / Tratamiento quirúrgico para la enfermedad diverticular de colon. Experiencia en el INCMNSZ.

BACKGROUND: Even though most patients with colonic diverticular disease respond to conservative management, some patients persist with symptoms or develop complications that require surgery. The objective of this study was to identify main surgical indications for colonic diverticular disease, and to evaluate the outcomes of surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of patients that underwent a surgical procedure for colonic diverticular disease from 1979 through 2000, was performed. Surgical indications were acute diverticulitis (54%) (group 1), stenosis (19%), fistula (9.54), recurrent diverticulitis (9.5%) and bleeding (8%) (group 2). Results. Seventy-four patients with a mean age of 56 years were studied. Fifty-eight percent were male. Surgical morbidity and mortality rates of acute diverticulitis were 55%, and 15%, respectively. The surgical procedures of this group were proximal stomas (45%), Hartmann's procedures (38%), and resections with primary anastomosis (17%). Second group morbidity and mortality rates were 35 and 5.8%, respectively. Thirty-six patients underwent two or more surgical procedures with statistical significance between first and second groups (61 vs. 28%; p < 0.05). The mortality of two-stage surgeries was lower than derivative procedures (13 vs. 22%; p = 0.009). A high Hinchey's score was the only factor associated with mortality (28.5 vs. 0%; p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality of surgical procedures for colonic diverticular disease is associated with a high Hinchey score. Primary anastomosis is o safe, procedure in some cases.

Morbilidad y mortalidad de la reconexión colorrectal posterior al procedimiento de Hartmann / Morbi-mortality of Hartmann's reversal procedure

Introducción: el procedimiento de Hartmann es una alternativa de tratamiento para cirugías colorrectales de emergencia, sin embargo, su reconexión es difícil y propensa a complicaciones. Se ha propuesto que un periodo de tiempo mayor entre el procedimiento inicial y la reconexión puede disminuir las complicaciones. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la morbilidad y mortalidad de la reconexión posHartmann, y analizar la presencia de factores de riesgo para complicaciones. Material y métodos: se analizaron retrospectivamente 48 pacientes cuyas edades oscilaron entre 57 ± 16 años, de los cuales 19 (40 %) eran mayores de 65 años y 21 (44 %) tenían enfermedades crónicas concomitantes. Se buscaron factores de morbilidad y mortalidad con prueba U de Mann- Whitney y prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: la indicación más frecuente del procedimiento fue la diverticulitis aguda (42 %). El periodo entre el procedimiento de Hartmann y la reconexión fue de ocho meses, con un rango de 1 a 46 meses. La duración aproximada de la cirugía de reconexión fue de 267 minutos (rango de 120 a 540). Se presentaron complicaciones en 29 pacientes (60 %), incluyendo fístulas de la anastomosis en seis (12 %) y muerte en cuatro (8 %). No se asociaron mayores complicaciones o más tiempo quirúrgico, con un intervalo de tiempo menor entre el procedimiento de Hartmann y la reconexión. Conclusiones: la reconexión posHartmann es un procedimiento con alta morbilidad y mortalidad, sin que se asocie al intervalo de tiempo entre el procedimiento y la reconexión.

BACKGROUND: Hartmann's operation is an alternative for emergency colorectal surgeries, but its reversal may be difficult and prone to complications. A longer interval for its reversal has been recommended to decrease complications. METHODS: In order to determine rates of morbi-mortality and to ascertain the association between the time interval for its reversal and presence of complications, we undertook a retrospective analysis of 48 patients with a mean age of 57 +/- 16 years. Nineteen patients (40%) were >65 years, and 21 (44%) had one or more underlying chronic disease. Perioperative factors associated with morbi-mortality were determined by means of the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Acute diverticulitis was the most frequent indication (42%). Mean interval between Hartmann's operation and its reversal was 8 months (range: 1 to 46 months). Mean duration of the reversal operation was 267 min (range: 120 to 540 min). There were complications in 29 patients (60%) including anastomotic leaks in 6 (12%) and operative deaths in 4 (8%). A shorter interval between Hartmann's operation and its reversal was not associated with more complications or longer surgical time. CONCLUSIONS: Hartmann's reversal operation has high rates of morbidity and mortality that are not influenced by the time interval from the original operation.

Tratamiento quirúrgico para la enfermedad diverticular de colon: Experiencia en el INCMNSZ / Surgical treatment for colonic diverticular disease: Experience in the INCMNSZ

Background. Even though most patients with colonic diverticular disease respond to conservative management, some patients persist with symptoms or develop complications that require surgery. The objective of this study was to identify main surgical indications for colonic diverticular disease, and to evaluate the outcomes of surgical treatment. Materials and methods. A retrospective review of patients that underwent a surgical procedure for colonic diverticular disease from 1979 through 2000, was performed. Surgical indications were acute diverticulitis (54%) (group 1), stenosis (19%), fistula (9.5%), recurrent diverticulitis (9.5%) and bleeding (8%) (group 2). Results. Seventy-four patients with a mean age of 56 years were studied. Fifty-eight percent were male. Surgical morbidity and mortality rates of acute diverticulitis were 55%, and 15%, respectively. The surgical procedures of this group were proximal stomas (45%), Hartmann's procedures (38%) and resections with primary anastomosis (17%). Second group morbidity and mortality rates were 35 and 5.8%, respectively. Thirty-six patients underwent two or more surgical procedures with statistical significance between first and second groups (61 vs. 28%; p < 0.05). The mortality of two-stage surgeries was lower than derivative procedures (13 vs. 22%; p = 0.009). A high Hinchey's score was the only factor associated with mortality (28.5 vs. 0%; p = 0.042). Conclusions. Mortality of surgical procedures for colonic diverticular disease is associated with a high Hinchey score. Primary anastomosis is a safe procedure in some cases.

Antecedentes. Aunque la mayoría de pacientes con enfermedad diverticular de colon responde al manejo conservador, algunos persisten con síntomas o presentan complicaciones que requieren cirugía. El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar las indicaciones quirúrgicas para la enfermedad diverticular de colon y evaluar los resultados en el manejo quirúrgico de la misma. Material y métodos. Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de pacientes sometidos a cirugía por enfermedad diverticular de colon de 1979 al 2000. Las indicaciones de cirugía fueron diverticulitis aguda (54%) (grupo 1), estenosis (19%), fístula (9.5%), diverticulitis recurrente (9.5%) y hemorragia (8%) (grupo 2). Resultados. Se estudiaron un total de 74 pacientes con una edad promedio de 56 años. Cincuenta y ocho por ciento fueron del sexo masculino. La morbilidad de los pacientes operados por diverticulitis aguda fue de 55% y la mortalidad de 15%. El tipo de cirugías en este grupo fueron estomas derivativos (45%), procedimientos de Hartmann (38%) y resecciones con anastomosis primaria (17%). La morbilidad y la mortalidad de las cirugías del segundo grupo fueron de 35 y 5.8%, respectivamente. Treinta y seis pacientes tuvieron dos o más operaciones, con diferencia significativa al comparar el grupo 1 con el grupo 2 (61 vs. 28%; p < 0.05). La mortalidad de los pacientes que tuvieron un procedimiento resectivo fue menor que cuando se desfuncionalizó (13 vs. 22%; p - 0.009). El único factor asociado con mortalidad fue un Hinchey elevado (28.5 vs. 0%; p - 0.042). Conclusiones. La mortalidad de la cirugía para complicaciones de la enfermedad diverticular de colon se asocia a un grado de Hinchey elevado. La resección con anastomosis primaria es un procedimiento seguro en casos seleccionados.

[Morbi-mortality of Hartmann's reversal procedure]. / Morbilidad y mortalidad de la reconexión colorrectal posterior al procedimiento de Hartmann.

BACKGROUND: Hartmann's operation is an alternative for emergency colorectal surgeries, but its reversal may be difficult and prone to complications. A longer interval for its reversal has been recommended to decrease complications. METHODS: In order to determine rates of morbi-mortality and to ascertain the association between the time interval for its reversal and presence of complications, we undertook a retrospective analysis of 48 patients with a mean age of 57 +/- 16 years. Nineteen patients (40%) were >65 years, and 21 (44%) had one or more underlying chronic disease. Perioperative factors associated with morbi-mortality were determined by means of the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Acute diverticulitis was the most frequent indication (42%). Mean interval between Hartmann's operation and its reversal was 8 months (range: 1 to 46 months). Mean duration of the reversal operation was 267 min (range: 120 to 540 min). There were complications in 29 patients (60%) including anastomotic leaks in 6 (12%) and operative deaths in 4 (8%). A shorter interval between Hartmann's operation and its reversal was not associated with more complications or longer surgical time. CONCLUSIONS: Hartmann's reversal operation has high rates of morbidity and mortality that are not influenced by the time interval from the original operation.