Improving outcomes for patients with hard-to-heal wounds following adoption of the Wound Hygiene Protocol: real-world evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a four-step biofilm-based wound care strategy, Wound Hygiene Protocol (WHP: cleanse, debride, refashion, and dress), on hard-to-heal wounds. METHOD: This was a prospective, real-world analysis of hard-to-heal wounds managed with the WHP that incorporated Aquacel Ag+ (Convatec Ltd., UK) dressings. Data were captured electronically between April 2021 and December 2022. The primary endpoint was change in wound volume from baseline to final assessment. RESULTS: A total of 693 wounds in 669 patients (median patient age: 74 years) were included in the analysis with a median treatment time of 31 days. Most health professionals were general nurses (50%) or nurse practitioners (38%). Patient homes (27%) and community clinics (27%) were the most common clinical settings. Venous leg ulcers (26%) and pressure ulcers/injuries (17%) were the most common wound type. Duration was >12 months in 21% of wounds. At baseline, the mean wound volume was 57.8cm3. At the final assessment, mean wound volume was 17.2cm3, corresponding to an 80% reduction from baseline; p<0.001). At baseline, 66% of wounds were static or deteriorating. At final assessment, this had decreased to 5%, and 94% had improved or healed. Exudate levels were moderate or high in 69% of wounds at baseline which decreased to 25% at final assessment (p<0.001). Suspected biofilm and local wound infection decreased from 79% and 43%, respectively, at baseline, to 18% and 3%, respectively, at final assessment (p<0.001 for both). CONCLUSION: The WHP is a new proposed standard of care that successfully treated hard-to-heal wounds by addressing the key local barriers to wound healing.

Reactive attachment disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder, adverse childhood experiences, and mental health in an imprisoned young offender population.

BACKGROUND: A high proportion of young people in prison have a history of abuse and neglect, and/or of neurodevelopmental or psychiatric conditions.  Despite this, the only two conditions specifically associated with abuse and neglect, Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED), have never been included as part of a comprehensive prevalence study. METHODS: A cross sectional study, in 110 male inmates aged 16 to 23, examined the prevalence of, and associations between, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions, including RAD and DSED. OUTCOMES: Virtually all of the young men (96 %) had one or more lifetime neurodevelopmental or mental health conditions, 85.5 % had a current condition, yet less than 3 % reported having received a mental health assessment in prison. High rates of RAD and/or DSED symptoms were found (53.6 %) and 74.5 % had experienced some form of abuse or neglect. INTERPRETATION: There is a high prevalence of ACEs, RAD/DSED, neurodevelopmental and other mental health conditions within this population. Comprehensive clinical assessments are required to ensure appropriate support and staff training is needed to ensure that the full implications of the high prevalence of neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions are understood as part of trauma informed care.

A study of Attachment Disorders in young offenders attending specialist services.

Attachment disorders, specifically Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED) are disorders associated with neglect and abuse in which people have significant difficulties relating to others. This study aims to explore Attachment Disorder symptoms and diagnoses in young offenders and factors that may be associated with them such as mental health problems. A cross-sectional design was used with 29 young people who were known to Intensive Services, aged 12-17 (M=16.2, SD=1.3), 29 carers and 20 teachers. They completed measures investigating symptoms of Attachment Disorders and psychopathology. Eighty-six percent of the young people had experienced some form of maltreatment and the rates of an actual or borderline Attachment Disorder was 52%. A positive correlation between Attachment Disorder symptoms and other mental health problems (as rated by carer-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Total Difficulties Score), accounting for 36% of the variance was found, with a large effect size (rs=0.60). Attachment Disorder symptoms were associated with hyperactivity and peer relationship problems.

Scaffolding rehabilitation behaviour using a voice-mediated assistive technology for cognition.

A variety of cognitive deficits can lead to difficulties performing complex behavioural sequences and thus, disability in the performance of routine and rehabilitation behaviours. Interventions to date involve increasing support or providing behavioural training. Assistive technologies for cognition have the potential to augment cognitive capacity thus enabling the performance of behavioural sequences. Guide is an assistive technology for cognition that scaffolds task performance by providing verbal prompts and responding to verbal feedback. Guide was used to provide verbal support and guidance for eight amputees (mean age 64), with cognitive impairment of vascular origin, putting on their prosthetic limbs. Participants were referred to the research due to problems learning the correct behavioural sequence. The research used repeated trials with random assignment to intervention and baseline conditions. The voice-mediated assistive technology for cognition resulted in a significant reduction of safety critical errors and omitted steps. Discussion focuses upon the relation between voice-mediated cognitive support for memory and executive function, and suggestions are made for future research.