Adaptación y validación del Inventario de Burnout de Maslach en profesionales argentinos de la salud mental / Adaptation and validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory in Argentinian mental health professionals

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio instrumental fue adaptar la versión española del Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI-HSS) en una muestra (n = 544) de psicólogos y psiquiatras argentinos de entre 23 y 71 años de edad. Métodos: para evaluar la estructura interna del instrumento se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) por medio del método de estimación de Máxima Verosimilitud robusto. La consistencia interna se calculó mediante el coeficiente de confiabilidad compuesta (fc). Resultados: el modelo inicial mostró índices de ajuste aceptables (CFI = .87, TLI = .86; RMSEA = .06; SRMR = .07). Tras la eliminación del ítem 12 del análisis, el ajuste del modelo mejoró satisfactoriamente (CFI = .91, TLI = .90, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .06) confirmándose la estructura trifactorial. El cálculo de consistencia interna arrojó valores considerados muy buenos (fc > .70). Conclusión: se concluye que el MBI-HSS es una escala fiable y válida para la evaluación del Burnout en psicólogos y psiquiatras argentinos. Se discuten los resultados y sus posibles implicaciones en futuras investigaciones.

Objective: The aim of this instrumental study was to adapt the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) in a sample (n = 544) of Argentinian psychologists and psychiatrists aged 23 to 71. Method: A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate the internal structure of the instrument using the robust maximum likelihood estimation. Additionally, the internal consistency was calculated using the composite reliability (CR) coefficient. Results: The original structure provided an acceptable ût to the data (CFI = .87, TLI = .86, RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .07). However, the three-factor model had a closer fit to the data after excluding item 12 from the analysis (CFI = .91, TLI = .90, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .06). The internal consistency yielded very good values (CR > .70). Conclusion: It is concluded that the MBI-HSS is a reliable and valid scale to measure burnout in Argentinian psychologists and psychiatrists. The results and their possible implications for future investigations are discussed in this paper.

Validación del Inventario de Fobia y Ansiedad Social- Forma Breve para universitarios argentinos / Validação do Inventário de Fobia e Ansiedade Social- Forma Breve para universitários argentinos / Validation of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory- Brief Form for Argentinean college

Las problemáticas que afectan la capacidad de las personas para desempeñarse adecuadamente en las interacciones sociales, tales como el trastorno de ansiedad social (Social Anxiety Disorder, SAD), constituyen un ámbito de estudio que ha cobrado gran interés, debido a la importancia que las relaciones sociales tienen en todas las áreas de desempeño de los seres humanos. Sin embargo, se observa una escasez generalizada de estudios sobre ansiedad social en países latinoamericanos, en parte, debido a la ausencia de instrumentos construidos o adaptados a la población general o a conjuntos específicos. En función de ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Fobia y Ansiedad Social- Forma Breve (SPAI- B) para su utilización en estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Los resultados evidenciaron propiedades psicométricas adecuadas de validez y confiabilidad y se aportó evidencia de validez de grupos contrastados y convergente. Se discuten las limitaciones del estudio y nuevas líneas de investigación. (AU)

As problemáticas que afetam a capacidade das pessoas para terem um desempenho adequado nas interações sociais, como o transtorno de ansiedade social (Social Anxiet Disorder, SAD), constituem um âmbito de estudo que ganhou grande interesse devido à importância que as relações sociais têm em todas as áreas de desempenho dos seres humanos. No entanto, há um déficit generalizado de estudos sobre ansiedade social em países latino-americanos, devido a uma ausência de instrumentos construídos ou adaptados à população geral ou grupos específicos. Com base nisso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Inventario de Fobia e Ansiedade Social - Forma Breve (SPAI- B) para sua utilização com estudantes universitários argentinos. Os resultados mostraram propriedades psicométricas adequadas de validade e fidedignidade e gerou evidência de validade de grupos contrastados e validade convergente. As limitações do estudo e novas linhas de pesquisa são discutidas. (AU)

The problems that affect people's ability to perform adequately in social interactions, such as Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), constitute an area of study that has gained great interest, due to the importance that social relations have in all areas of performance of human beings. However, there is a general scarcity of studies on social anxiety in Latin American countries, partly because of the absence of instruments built or adapted to the general population or specific groups. Due to this, the objective of the present investigation was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory-Short form (SPAI - B) to be used in Argentine college students. The results showed appropriate validity and reliability psychometric properties and it also has been provided evidence of contrasting groups and convergent validity. The limitations of the study and new lines of research are discussed. (AU)

Desarrollo y validación del Test de Ansiedad Social para estudiantes universitarios (TAS-U) / Development and validation of the Social Anxiety Test in university students (SAT-U)

El estudio de la ansiedad social en estudiantes universitarios ha cobrado una especial relevancia considerando sus implicancias en el ajuste social y el bienestar psicológico de quienes la presentan. A pesar de ello, no existen instrumentos de evaluación que estén dirigidos específicamente a esta población, quienes cotidianamente se enfrentan a situaciones particulares que pueden ser potencialmente generadoras de ansiedad. Se presenta el Test de Ansiedad Social para estudiantes universitarios (TAS-U) aportando evidencias de validez y confiabilidad. Se diseñaron 68 ítems preliminares teniendo en cuenta literatura, escalas de antecedentes y consultas con expertos. Utilizando muestreo no probabilístico, se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios de una muestra de estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Se obtuvo una escala final compuesta por 27 ítems distribuidos en cuatro factores (CFI = .95, TLI = .95, RMSEA = .063 y WRMR = 1.19). Sobre la consistencia interna de la escala, los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y de fiabilidad compuesta fueron buenos y excelentes para cada factor. Las dimensiones son coincidentes con factores evidenciados en estudios de otras escalas similares y con postulados teóricos conceptuales sobre ansiedad social.

The study of social anxiety in college students has gained particular importance if we consider its role in their social adjustment and psychological well-being. Despite this, there are no assessment tools that are specifically aimed at this population, which face events that can potentially generate anxiety on a daily basis. The Social Anxiety Test for University students (SAT-U) is presented herein with evidence of validity and reliability. Sixty-eight (68) preliminary items were designed taking into account the current literature, previous scales and consultation with experts. By using a non-probabilistic sampling, exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were performed in a sample of Argentinian college students. A final scale was obtained with 27 items distributed in four factors (CFI = .95, TLI = .95, RMSEA = .063 and WRMR = 1.19). Regarding the internal consistency of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and the coefficient of composite reliability were good and excellent for each factor. The dimensions coincide with factors seen in studies with other similar scales, and with conceptual and theoretical postulates about social anxiety.

Emotional-evolutional model of social anxiety in university students

Studies of social anxiety in university students have become of particular importance given its disabling impact over social adjustment and psychological well-being. The present research had the objective of developing an explanatory model of this phenomenon with principles based on attachment theory and the theories of emotional regulation. We worked with a sample of 438 university students and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis. We produced an explanatory model which presented appropriate adjustment indexes (CFI= .95; GFI= .95; RMSEA= .05). In this model, the predictive role of expectations of social rejection and the difficulties in emotion regulation in the aetiology of social anxiety are clear. These factors are in turn influenced by the fear of abandonment linked to internal working models of insecure attachment of development in early childhood. Significant differences were found in favour of women in percentages of variance explained in social anxiety and expectations of social rejection

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Social Skills Questionnaire for Argentinean College Students (SSQ-U) Development and Validation.

In this paper we present a new instrument called Social Skills Questionnaire for Argentinean College Students (SSQ-U). Based on the adapted version of the Social Skills Inventory - Del Prette (SSI-Del Prette) (Olaz, Medrano, Greco, & Del Prette, 2009), we wrote new items for the scale, and carried out psychometric analysis to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument. In the first study, we collected evidence based on test content through expert judges who evaluated the quality and the relevance of the items. In the second and third studies, we provided validity evidence based on the internal structure of the instrument using exploratory (n = 1067) and confirmatory (n = 661) factor analysis. Results suggested a five-factor structure consistent with the dimensions of social skills, as proposed by Kelly (2002). The fit indexes corresponding to the obtained model were adequate, and composite reliability coefficients of each factor were excellent (above .75). Finally, in the fourth study, we provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the SSQ-U is the first valid and reliable instrument for measuring social skills in Argentinean college students.

Social skills questionnaire for Argentinean college students (SSQ-U) development and validation

In this paper we present a new instrument called Social Skills Questionnaire for Argentinean College Students (SSQ-U). Based on the adapted version of the Social Skills Inventory - Del Prette (SSI-Del Prette) (Olaz, Medrano, Greco, & Del Prette, 2009), we wrote new items for the scale, and carried out psychometric analysis to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument. In the first study, we collected evidence based on test content through expert judges who evaluated the quality and the relevance of the items. In the second and third studies, we provided validity evidence based on the internal structure of the instrument using exploratory (n = 1067) and confirmatory (n = 661) factor analysis. Results suggested a five-factor structure consistent with the dimensions of social skills, as proposed by Kelly (2002). The fit indexes corresponding to the obtained model were adequate, and composite reliability coefficients of each factor were excellent (above .75). Finally, in the fourth study, we provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the SSQ-U is the first valid and reliable instrument for measuring social skills in Argentinean college students (AU)

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