The impact of emotional intelligence on operational effectiveness: The mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior and leadership.

PURPOSE: This article examines the influence of emotional intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior and transformational and transactional leadership, and the impact of these dimensions on operational effectiveness. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY: The analysis was based on 180 valid questionnaires from organizations in Colombia's manufacturing sector of the Valle del Cauca region. The variables were analyzed using structural equation modeling to identify the relationships among the studied constructs. FINDINGS: The results suggest that emotional intelligence positively affects organizational citizenship behavior. Nevertheless, emotional intelligence does not impact transformational leadership and only partially affects transactional leadership and operational effectiveness. Emotional intelligence has a strong and positive impact on operational effectiveness when mediated by organizational citizenship behavior, which does have a strong and positive predictive power on operational effectiveness. Hence, in the search for competitive advantage, leaders should seek to improve operational effectiveness by focusing on developing emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behaviour skills. Interestingly, of the two leadership styles examined in this study, only transactional leadership impacts operational effectiveness, which is inconsistent with the current literature and indicates a need for further leadership training. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The value of this paper lies in discerning the current capabilities and strategies that individuals in an organization must address for proper transactional and transformational leadership. However, before operational effectiveness and a sustainable competitive advantage can be achieved, the role of leaders should be managed through the appropriate application of the concepts of emotional intelligence and organizational leadership behavior.

Supply chain resilience in the Colombian defense sector before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study.

Unforeseen events can significantly affect organizations' supply chains and disrupt their continuous flow. Therefore, organizations need to develop a response capability that allows them to minimize the negative effect of such events and quickly recover from them, also known as resilience. This research performs a comparative analysis of the influence that risk, vulnerability, and adaptability have on the resilience capability of supply chains in Colombian defense sector organizations before and during the coronavirus outbreak. Based on a literature review, a survey was designed and applied online to collect data from respondents related to the activities of the Colombian Air Force supply chain. For the first wave, data was collected between December 2019 and January 2020. Data for the second wave was collected in August 2020. Results suggest that identifying and managing risks positively impact reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptability. Moreover, by decreasing exposure and improving adaptability, the organization positively influences supply chain resilience capability. The results also indicate that the pandemic positively affected risk and vulnerability awareness. The identification of vulnerabilities had a positive impact on the resilience capacity during the Corona Virus outbreak. This research provides relevant information for the Colombian government on developing public policies and mechanisms of service and support for defense sector organizations to strengthen their resilience capability. Likewise, the study offers valuable information to those organizations interested in improving their resilience capability and that of the sector in which they are involved.