ABSTRACT
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has been shown to be promising for the treatment of autoimmune diseases in dogs and cats. In humans, MPA is highly bound to plasma proteins (~97%). It has been recommended to monitor free drug plasma concentrations because the free MPA correlates with its immunosuppressive effect. However, it is unknown if MPA is highly bound to plasma proteins in dogs and cats. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of plasma protein binding of MPA and evaluate the effect of prednisolone and dexamethasone on the extent of protein binding of MPA in dogs and cats. The extent of plasma protein binding of MPA was determined in plasma collected from clinically healthy adult cats (n = 13) and dogs (n = 14) by combining high-throughput dialysis and ultra-high-liquid chromatography. This study reveals that MPA is highly bound to plasma proteins (>90%) in dogs and cats, mean extent of binding of MPA at 15 µg/ml to plasma proteins being 96% (range, 95%-97%) and 92% (range, 90%-93%) for dogs and cats, respectively. In dog plasma, MPA is primarily bound to albumin. In vitro, prednisolone increased the unbound MPA in dogs (p < .01) but not in cats (p = .07) while dexamethasone had no effect on MPA plasma binding in either species (p > .05). Results of this study provide valuable information for designing future pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies and also therapeutic monitoring programs for dogs and cats.
Subject(s)
Blood Proteins/metabolism , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Immunosuppressive Agents/metabolism , Mycophenolic Acid/metabolism , Prednisolone/pharmacology , Animals , Blood Proteins/drug effects , Cats , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/veterinary , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Dogs , Drug Interactions , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Immunosuppressive Agents/blood , Mycophenolic Acid/administration & dosage , Mycophenolic Acid/blood , Prednisolone/administration & dosage , Serum Albumin/drug effects , Serum Albumin/metabolismABSTRACT
We consider the inverse problem of determining the Winkler subgrade reaction coefficient of a slab foundation modelled as a thin elastic plate clamped at the boundary. The plate is loaded by a concentrated force and its transversal deflection is measured at the interior points. We prove a global Hölder stability estimate under (mild) regularity assumptions on the unknown coefficient.
