ABSTRACT
Introducción: se describe un brote de gastroenteritis por Salmonella en un centro de educación infantil y un colegio público vecino en una localidad del sur de la Comunidad de Madrid (España) entre octubre y noviembre de 2019. Objetivos: describir las características epidemiológicas de un brote de salmonelosis, analizar el mecanismo de transmisión, reforzar la importancia de la declaración sanitaria. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo bidireccional de casos de salmonelosis notificados por diversas fuentes relacionados con un colectivo escolar. Análisis de variables de los ingresados. Investigación epidemiológica y caracterización microbiológica. Resultados: se registraron 38 casos (entre 7 meses y 8 años; media: 2,7 años). Pertenecían a dos centros educativos: el 57,9% eran alumnos de una escuela infantil; el resto, del colegio vecino, acudían a ella para comer o como ludoteca. Ingresaron 12 (3 hospitales). No hubo complicaciones graves. En el Centro Nacional de Microbiología se identificó en coprocultivos Salmonella entérica, typhimurium monofásica 4,5,12:i:-. En la inspección se evidenció que el origen no era alimentario y, en cambio, que sí existía riesgo de transmisión fecal-oral de persona a persona y por contaminación de superficies; no había separación física óptima entre zonas. Se hicieron propuestas de mejora. No se registraron casos posteriormente. Conclusiones: el brote fue de origen no alimentario; su análisis permitió tomar medidas para evitar casos secundarios posteriormente. Se considera de gran importancia la notificación de casos para tomar medidas de salud pública adecuadas (AU)
Introduction: we describe an outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis in an early childhood education centre and a neighbouring public school in a town in the south of the Community of Madrid (Spain) in October and November 2019. Objectives: to describe the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of salmonellosis, analyse the mechanism of transmission and underscore the importance of health reporting.Methods: retrospective and prospective descriptive study of salmonellosis cases reported by different sources related to a school community. Analysis of variables in hospitalised patients. Epidemiological investigation and microbiological characterization.Results: there were 38 reported cases (age range, 7 months-8 years; mean, 2.7 years). They were enrolled in 2 educational centres: 57.9% attended a nursery school and the rest were students of a neighbouring school who came to the nursery for lunch or recreation activities. Twelve were hospitalised (3 hospitals). There were no serious complications. The National Microbiology Centre identified Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:-, a monophasic variant of S. enterica, in stool cultures. The inspection showed that food was not the source of transmission, but that there was a risk of faecal-oral was not alimentary; on the other hand, there was a risk of transmission through the faecal-oral route and fomites; the physical separation between different areas was suboptimal. Proposals for improvement were made. No more cases were reported thereafter.Conclusions: the outbreak was not related to food, and its analysis allowed the implementation of measures to avoid secondary cases later on. Case reporting is considered of utmost importance to take appropriate public health measures. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Salmonella Infections/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/microbiology , Disease Outbreaks , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Child Health Services , Pandemics , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Surveys and Questionnaires , Infant, PrematureABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a huge challenge to healthcare systems and their personnel worldwide. The study of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers (HCW), through prevalence studies, will let us know viral expansion, individuals at most risk and the most exposed areas in healthcare organizations. The aim of this study is to gauge the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in our hospital workforce and identify groups and areas at increased risk. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This is a cross-sectional and incidence study carried out on healthcare workers based on molecular and serological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 3013 HCW invited to participate, 2439 (80.9%) were recruited, including 674 (22.4%) who had previously consulted at the Occupational Health Service (OHS) for confirmed exposure and/or presenting symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. A total of 411 (16.9%) and 264 (10.8%) healthcare workers were SARS-CoV-2 IgG and rRT-PCR positive, respectively. The cumulative prevalence considering all studies (IgG positive HCW and/or rRT-PCR positive detection) was 485 (19.9%). SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive patients in whom the virus was not detected were 221 (9.1%); up to 151 of them (68.3%) did not report any compatible symptoms nor consult at the OHS for this reason. Men became more infected than women (25% vs 18.5%, p = 0.0009), including when data were also classified by age. COVID-19 cumulative prevalence among the HCW assigned to medical departments was higher (25.2%) than others, as well as among medical staff (25.4%) compared with other professional categories (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HCW of our centre has been 19.9%. Doctors and medical services personnel have had the highest prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but many of them have not presented compatible symptoms. This emphasizes the performance of continuous surveillance methods of the most exposed health personnel and not only based on the appearance of symptoms.
