ABSTRACT
The objective of this review is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adenoviral conjunctivitis, as well as to present a practical update on its diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis. There are two well-defined adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis clinical syndromes: epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever, which are caused by different adenovirus serotypes. The exact incidence of adenoviral conjunctivitis is unknown. However, cases are more frequent during warmer months. Contagion is possible through direct contact or fomites and the virus is extremely resistant to different physical and chemical agents. The symptomatology of conjunctival infection is similar to any other conjunctivitis, with a higher incidence of pseudomembranes. In the cornea, adenoviral infection may lead to keratitis nummularis. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, but its etiology can be confirmed using cell cultures, polymerase chain reaction or immunochromatography. Multiple treatments have been tried for this disease, but none of them seem to be completely effective. Prevention is the most reliable way to control this contagious infection.
Subject(s)
Adenoviridae Infections , Keratoconjunctivitis/virology , Adenoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Adenoviridae Infections/therapy , Humans , Keratoconjunctivitis/diagnosis , Keratoconjunctivitis/therapyABSTRACT
El objetivo de esta revisión es resumir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de las queratoconjuntivitis adenovíricas (QCA), así como presentar una actualización práctica sobre el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de estas infecciones oculares. Dentro de las QCA, existen dos síndromes clínicos claramente diferenciados, la queratoconjuntivitis epidémica y la fiebre faringoconjuntival, que están causados por diferentes serotipos de adenovirus. Su incidencia exacta es desconocida, y los casos son más frecuentes durante los meses cálidos. El contagio se produce mediante contacto directo y por fómites, y los virus son extremadamente resistentes a diferentes agentes físicos y químicos. La sintomatología conjuntival es semejante a la de otras conjuntivitis, con una mayor predilección por la formación de seudomembranas. En la córnea, la infección adenovírica puede producir infiltrados subepiteliales. El diagnóstico es fundamentalmente clínico, aunque el diagnóstico etiológico puede confirmarse mediante cultivos celulares, reacción en cadena de la polimerasa o inmunocromatografía. Se han probado múltiples tratamientos para esta enfermedad, aunque ninguno parece ser completamente eficaz. El método más eficaz para controlar esta infección es la prevención del contagio(AU)
The objective of this review is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adenoviral conjunctivitis, as well as to present a practical update on its diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis. There are two well-defined adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis clinical syndromes: epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever, which are caused by different adenovirus serotypes. The exact incidence of adenoviral conjunctivitis is unknown. However, cases are more frequent during warmer months. Contagion is possible through direct contact or fomites and the virus is extremely resistant to different physical and chemical agents. The symptomatology of conjunctival infection is similar to any other conjunctivitis, with a higher incidence of pseudomembranes. In the cornea, adenoviral infection may lead to keratitis nummularis. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, but its etiology can be confirmed using cell cultures, polymerase chain reaction or immunochromatography. Multiple treatments have been tried for this disease, but none of them seem to be completely effective. Prevention is the most reliable way to control this contagious infection(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Keratoconjunctivitis/virology , Adenoviruses, Human/pathogenicity , Adenoviridae Infections/complications , Conjunctivitis, Viral/diagnosis , Conjunctivitis, Viral/drug therapyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: A comparison of the topographic astigmatism generated after coaxial phacoemulsification (CP) through temporal 2.8 mm incision and biaxial phacoemulsification (MICS) through superior-oblique trapezoidal 1.5-2 mm incisions. SETTING: Centre for Visual Sciences (Instituto de Ciencias Visuales, INCIVI), Madrid, SpainMethods This prospective randomized clinical study included 94 eyes of 64 patients; 43 eyes were operated on through CP and 51 through MICS. Corneal topography was measured before operation, and subsequently after 1, 3, and 6 months. Additionally, a control group (C) of 55 eyes was created (performing two topographies on them); the change in astigmatism was calculated without having performed any surgical procedure. The astigmatic change in the three groups was measured through arithmetic, polar and vector analysis (Alpins method). RESULTS: In the vector analysis, results after the first month following surgery were: mean module of the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) 0.49+/-0.38 D in CP and 0.48+/-0.37 D in MICS, while 0.31+/-0.27 D in group C. Although no statistically significant differences were detected between the two surgical techniques, differences were noted when comparing group C with each of these techniques (P<0.05). The distribution of the SIA axes showed a slight tendency to be located more frequently at around 90 degrees in CP, and at around 50 degrees in MICS. CONCLUSIONS: The mean module of SIA was similar in CP and in MICS, although the distribution of the direction of such a vector revealed minor differences.
Subject(s)
Astigmatism/etiology , Phacoemulsification/adverse effects , Aged , Cornea/surgery , Corneal Topography , Female , Humans , Lens Implantation, Intraocular/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Phacoemulsification/methods , Postoperative Complications , Prospective StudiesSubject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Drug Industry/economics , Ophthalmology , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/economics , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/supply & distribution , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Bevacizumab , Cefuroxime/supply & distribution , Cefuroxime/therapeutic use , Drug Compounding , Humans , Legislation, Drug , Spain , Triamcinolone/supply & distribution , Triamcinolone/therapeutic useABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Quality of Homeopathic Remedies , Drug Utilization/ethics , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Pharmaceutical Preparations/economics , Pharmaceutical Preparations/standards , Legislation, Drug/standards , Legislation, Drug , Ethics, Pharmacy , Drug Information Services/ethics , Drug Utilization/economics , Community Pharmacy Services/ethicsABSTRACT
No disponible
No disponible
