ABSTRACT
Background/objective: Although many therapeutic approaches use energy conservation, only a few effectively report the steps involved. Thus, it is intended to identify energy conservation practices to be organized in flexible and adaptable stages. Methods: A scoping review was carried out, whose search strategies were applied in seven databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Portal BVS, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) following guidelines by Arksey and O'Malley on the Rayyan software. Searches were carried out from January 2010 to December 2020. Inclusion of refered publications with different study designs, participation of adults with or by demands of energy conservation, joint protection, and control of fatigue and/or pain. Exclusion of productions without an occupational therapist or involving merely pharmacological or surgical therapeutic strategies. Results: 653 articles were identified, after the selection and eligibility steps, 30 articles were full review, 18 articles were included and 635 excluded. Energy conservation studies have been increasingly focusing on neurological and systemic diseases, especially regarding symptoms of fatigue and pain. The findings were arranged in six strategies whose interventions are essentially based on guidelines and setting goals for patients, client-centered approach. Merely supervised interventions are less frequent. The number of sessions is closed, but the duration of treatment is not yet. Conclusions: The signs of pain and fatigue are confirmed as indicators of energy conservation strategies, this delivery can be condensed from planning and organization, priorities, activity analysis, balance between activity and rest, outsourcing of tasks and physical/environmental adaptation. Trial Registration OSF: https://osf.io/rsyq4.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução Pessoas com deficiência se deparam com inúmeras barreiras no desempenho da atividade sexual; dentre elas, está o acesso a locais acessíveis destinados a essa finalidade. Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi mapear e avaliar a acessibilidade arquitetônica de estabelecimentos que têm como atividade-fim o sexo, tais como motéis e pousadas, localizados na região metropolitana de Belém. Método Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter quantitativo, transversal, descritivo, na qual foram avaliados 22 estabelecimentos, através de um questionário de avaliação de acessibilidade elaborado pelos pesquisadores, contendo 11 questões objetivas sobre a acessibilidade arquitetônica de banheiros, rampas de acesso, elevadores, sinalização, formas de comunicação, altura da cama e área de circulação. Resultados Os resultados acerca da sinalização sonora e visual demonstraram que 32% dos estabelecimentos não apresentam nenhuma das formas de sinalização, assim como comunicação alternativa e piso tátil. Em contrapartida, 82% dos estabelecimentos avaliados apresentaram altura dos interfones, interruptores e sinalizadores dentro dos padrões. Em relação à acessibilidade dos banheiros, 43% dos estabelecimentos não apresentaram nenhum mobiliário acessível. Conclusão O presente estudo demonstra resultados não satisfatórios quanto aos parâmetros básicos de acessibilidade dos motéis participantes, constituindo-se graves barreiras ao acesso do público com algum tipo de deficiência. Conclui-se que há a necessidade de maiores discussões sobre o assunto, além de fiscalização para o cumprimento das normas de acessibilidade e mobiliário acessível para que pessoas com deficiência possam usufruir desses serviços.
Abstract Introduction People with disabilities face numerous barriers in the performance of sexual activity; among them are finding accessible places intended for this purpose. Objective The aim of this study was to map and evaluate the architectural accessibility of establishments whose main activity is sex, such as motels and inns, located in the metropolitan region of Belém. Method This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative research, in which 22 establishments were evaluated, through an accessibility assessment questionnaire developed by the researchers, containing 11 objective questions about the architectural accessibility of bathrooms, access ramps, elevators, signage, forms of communication, bed height and circulation areas. Results The results regarding sound and visual signage showed that 32% of establishments do not have any form of signage, as well as alternative communication and tactile flooring. On the other hand, 82% of the establishments evaluated presented the height of the intercoms, light switches and warning flags within the standards. Regarding the accessibility of bathrooms, 43% of the establishments did not have any accessible furniture. Conclusion The present study demonstrates unsatisfactory results regarding the basic parameters of accessibility of the participating motels, constituting serious barriers to access for the public with some type of disability. It is concluded that there is a need for further discussions on the subject, in addition to inspection for compliance with accessibility standards and accessible furniture so that people with disabilities can enjoy these services.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução A participação do terapeuta ocupacional (TO) em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) ainda é discreta no Brasil, talvez, por isso, haja pouca discussão das intervenções e inserção do profissional nessa área. Objetivo Sintetizar as atuações do TO para restabelecimento da função em pacientes adultos internados na UTI mais frequentemente descritas na literatura especializada. Método Revisão Sistemática baseada na recomendação PRISMA. A busca dos estudos foi realizada nas plataformas Cochrane, PubMed, OTSeek e PEDro, utilizando os termos de busca "Occupational Therapy", no título ou resumo, (AND) "Intensive Care Unit" (OR) "Critical Illness" (OR) "Critical Care", em outras partes do texto. Foram incluídos textos em língua inglesa e publicados nos últimos 20 anos. Excluiu-se textos que abordavam UTI pediátrica/neonatal, doenças psiquiátricas e artigos de revisão. Dois pesquisadores independentes selecionaram os artigos e a concordância foi submetida à análise Kappa. O nível de evidência e a qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos foram avaliados pela Escala PEDro e pela Ferramenta de Colaboração Cochrane, respectivamente. Resultados As principais intervenções foram relativas ao treino de Atividades de Vida Diária (AVDs) e tarefas relacionadas às Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVDs). Essas atribuições privativas da profissão ocorreram isoladamente ou com fisioterapeutas. As sessões, excluídos os critérios de contraindicação, aconteceram precocemente (24-48h). Conclusão Os achados evidenciam intervenções de mobilização precoce, seguidas por práticas de treino de AVDs/ AIVDs. Ademais, é notado que a atuação do terapeuta ocupacional na UTI está em elaboração. Estudos sobre outros efeitos da internação prolongada na UTI devem ser conduzidos. Registro PROSPERO: CRD42020214615.
Abstract Introduction The participation of the occupational therapist (OT) in Intensive Care Units (ICU) is still discreet in Brazil, perhaps because of this, there is a little discussion of interventions and insertion of this professional in this area. Objective To synthesize the actions of OT to restore function in adult patients admitted to the ICU most frequently described in the specialized literature. Method Systematic review based on the PRISMA recommendation. The search for the studies was carried out on the Cochrane, PubMed, OTSeek, and PEDro platforms using the search terms "Occupational Therapy", in the title or abstract, (AND) "Intensive Care Unit" (OR) "Critical Illness" (OR) "Critical Care", in other parts of the text. English-language texts published in the last 20 years were included and texts that describe interventions in pediatric/neonatal ICU, psychiatric diseases, and review articles were excluded. Two independent researchers selected the articles and the agreement was submitted to Kappa analysis. The level of evidence and methodological quality of the included studies were assessed using the PEDro Scale and the Cochrane Collaboration Tool, respectively. Results The main interventions were related to the training of Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and tasks related to Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). These private attributions of the profession occurred isolated or with physiotherapists. The sessions, excluding the contraindication criteria, took place early (24-48h). Conclusion The findings show early mobilization interventions, followed by ADLs/IADLs training and it is also noted that the work of the occupational therapist in the ICU is under development. Studies on other effects of prolonged ICU stay should be conducted. PROSPERO record: CRD42020214615.
