Characterization of environmental factors in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Minas Gerais: Participa Minas.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the environmental factors of children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving 164 caregivers of children/adolescents with CP, aged 1-14 years. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) were used to classify the participants' functioning, and environmental factors were evaluated by an on-line questionnaire that examined products and technologies, physical environment, services, and systems. A descriptive analysis was performed using percentage and frequency. RESULTS: Most participants had bilateral CP (66.9%) and 45% of them were spastic. Levels II and V of the GMFCS and MACS were the most frequent. About half (49.4%) used anticonvulsants, 27.4% underwent botulinum toxin application, and 29% went through orthopedic surgery in the lower limbs. Among the participants, 71.3% used orthoses in the lower limbs, and 51.8% used the public health care system. Most had access to physiotherapy (91.5%), but found difficulties to access interventions with other professionals, such as psychologists (28%) and nutritionists (37.8%). The school was the most frequently adapted environment (78%), and had the highest level of structural adaptation (42.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the barriers to access health services and barriers to the physical environment may impact participation and social inclusion.

Characterization of environmental factors in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Minas Gerais: Participa Minas / Caracterização de fatores ambientais de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral de Minas Gerais: Participa Minas

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the environmental factors of children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 164 caregivers of children/adolescents with CP, aged 1-14 years. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) were used to classify the participants' functioning, and environmental factors were evaluated by an on-line questionnaire that examined products and technologies, physical environment, services, and systems. A descriptive analysis was performed using percentage and frequency. Results: Most participants had bilateral CP (66.9%) and 45% of them were spastic. Levels II and V of the GMFCS and MACS were the most frequent. About half (49.4%) used anticonvulsants, 27.4% underwent botulinum toxin application, and 29% went through orthopedic surgery in the lower limbs. Among the participants, 71.3% used orthoses in the lower limbs, and 51.8% used the public health care system. Most had access to physiotherapy (91.5%), but found difficulties to access interventions with other professionals, such as psychologists (28%) and nutritionists (37.8%). The school was the most frequently adapted environment (78%), and had the highest level of structural adaptation (42.7%). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the barriers to access health services and barriers to the physical environment may impact participation and social inclusion.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar os fatores ambientais de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC) no estado de Minas Gerais (MG), Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal envolvendo 164 cuidadores de crianças/adolescentes com PC, na faixa etária de um a 14 anos. O Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS) e o Sistema de Classificação da Habilidade Manual (MACS) foram utilizados para classificar a funcionalidade dos participantes e os fatores ambientais foram avaliados por um questionário on-line que abordou produtos e tecnologias, ambiente físico, serviços e sistemas. Análises descritivas foram realizadas por meio de porcentagem e frequência. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes tinha PC bilateral (66,9%) e 45% deles eram espásticos. Os níveis II e V do GMFCS e MACS foram os mais frequentes. Cerca de metade (49,4%) fazia uso de anticonvulsivantes, 27,4% realizaram aplicação de toxina botulínica e 29% cirurgia ortopédica em membros inferiores. Utilizavam órteses em membros inferiores 71,3% e eram usuários do sistema público de saúde 51,8%. A maioria tinha acesso à fisioterapia (91,5%), mas dificuldade de acesso a intervenções com outros profissionais, como psicólogos (28%) e nutricionistas (37,8%). A escola foi o ambiente mais frequentado (78%) e também mais adaptado estruturalmente (42,7%). Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que barreiras de acesso aos serviços de saúde e barreiras no ambiente físico podem impactar a participação e inclusão social.

Risk of Global Developmental Delay in Infants Born from Mothers with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: To investigate the risk of global developmental delay in infants born from mothers with COVID-19. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and November 2021, with 54 infants of both sexes aged between 1 and 12 months. Twenty-seven infants born from mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy composed the COVID-19 group, whereas infants born from mothers not exposed to COVID-19 composed the control group. Medical records and child health booklets provided neonatal and prenatal data. The Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children screened the risk of global developmental delay during a phone interview or home visit. Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney test, and binary logistic regression were applied. Results: The risk of motor developmental delay was identified in 15 infants (12 in the COVID-19 group), while 36 were at risk of behavioral alteration (22 in the COVID-19 group). The COVID-19 group presented a 6.3-fold risk of motor developmental delay. Motor developmental delay was also significantly associated with socioemotional alterations (odds ratio = 6.4, p = 0.01). Regarding families of infants in the COVID-19 group, 63% of the mothers presented risk of depression, 51.9% risk of substance abuse, 40.7% risk of food insecurity, and 7.4% risk of domestic violence. The inflexibility subscale of the survey was a statistically relevant variable for the socioemotional domain. Conclusion: Infants born from mothers with COVID-19 were at high risk of motor developmental delay and socioemotional alterations. Although, this study fills an important gap in the literature regarding the influence of maternal exposure to COVID-19 on infant development, new studies screening families with infants at risk of developmental delay may significantly impact maternal and child health-related indicators, such as physical health, emotional development and social behavior.

Survey of Well-Being of Young Children (SWYC): Preliminary Norms for Screening for Developmental Delay in Brazilian Children Younger than 65 Months.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Developmental Milestones Questionnaire of the Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children Brazilian version (DM-SWYC-BR) and establish the preliminary norms to identify suspected developmental delay in Brazilian children up to 65 months. METHODS: A psychometric study was conducted on 1535 children from 3 Brazilian regions. The caregivers answered the Brazilian Portuguese cross-culturally adapted version of the DM-SWYC. We calculated the internal consistency and performed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The clinical threshold for the suspected developmental delay was set at 85% from the DM-SWYC-BR mean score for each age. The prevalence of suspected delay was calculated using current preliminary cutoffs and original norms. RESULTS: EFA confirmed the unidimensionality of the DM-SWYC-BR items (average variance extracted = 0.78). Cronbach's alpha was 0.97. At most ages, the difference between the cutoff points in the Brazilian and North American samples was lower than or equal to 2 points, except at 18, 23, 29, 44, 45, 46, and from 54 to 58 months. There was a marked divergence in the prevalence of suspected developmental delay by age ranges using the Brazilian or North American cutoff points. However, the general mean prevalence was quite similar (27.5% vs. 28.2%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We established the cutoff points to interpret the DM-SWYC-BR results when screening for developmental delays in Brazilian children. The satisfactory psychometric properties support its use for screening developmental delays in the public health system. Reliable assessment tools are critical to promoting child development effectively, ensuring timely intervention.

In Vitro and In Vivo Relevant Antineoplastic Activity of Platinum(II) Complexes toward Triple-Negative MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line.

Two platinum complexes [Pt(HL3)Cl]·H2O (3) and [Pt(HL4)Cl]·H2O (4) containing α- and ß-naphthyl groups, respectively, were investigated in more detail in vitro and in vivo for antineoplastic activity. The cytotoxicity activity induced by these platinum(II) compounds against breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), lung (A549), prostate (PC3), pancreas (BXPC-3), and normal peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The cell viability MTT assay showed that complex (4) was more cytotoxic to all cancer cell lines tested and less cytotoxic against human PBMC. Therefore, complex (4) was selected to further investigate the mechanism of cytotoxic effects involved against MDA-MB-231 cell line (human triple-negative breast cancer). Sub-G1 analysis of the cell cycle showed that this complex induces cell death by apoptosis due to the cell loss of DNA content detected in flow cytometry. The cytotoxic effect induced by complex (4) was associated with the capability of the complex to induce mitochondrial membrane depolarization, as well as increase ROS levels and caspase activation, as a result of the activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Ultrastructural alterations were observed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), such as membrane blebbing, filopodia reduction, empty mitochondrial matrix, and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, complex (4) was tested in an MDA-MB-231 tumor nodule xenograft murine model and demonstrated a remarkable reduction in tumor size in BALB/c nude mice, when compared to the control animals.

Factors Associated with Behavioral Disorders in Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome and Their Families-A Cross-Sectional Study.

The Zika virus was responsible for an outbreak between 2015 and 2016 in Brazil: an alarming public health problem of international relevance. The Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is often associated with manifestations that are responsible for cognitive and motor development delays and behavioral disorders. Thus, we aimed to characterize the clinical-epidemiological and familial context of those children and to identify factors associated with the risk of behavioral disorders using the Survey of Well-Being of Young Children questionnaire (SWYC). In total, 52 children diagnosed with CZS were evaluated. Logistic regressions were employed to assess predictive variables for behavioral alteration. Eighteen (35%) of the children presented a risk of behavioral alteration. Children born normocephalic were 36-fold more likely to present behavioral alteration (95% CI: 3.82 to 337.92, p = 0.002). Children with hearing and visual impairments showed reduced risks. In total, 35% percent of families reported food insecurity and 21% were at risk for maternal depression. Our findings suggest better social interactions and conditions to externalize reactions for children with CZS born normocephalic. The continuous assessment of these children and families may identify conditions associated with behavioral alteration and psychosocial vulnerabilities that help in decision-making, therefore optimizing patient-family interactions.

Telehealth Program for Infants at Risk of Cerebral Palsy during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Pre-post Feasibility Experimental Study.

Aim: To verify the effects of a telerehabilitation program for infants at high risk for Cerebral Palsy (CP) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: Longitudinal study. Infants were aged 3-18 months corrected age, at risk of developmental delay. The General Movement Assessment or a neurologic examination were performed to identify the risk of CP. Motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Caregivers of infants at high risk of CP applied a home-based program supervised by a Physical therapist, five times a week over 12 weeks. The program included guidance for optimal positioning, optimization of goal-directed activities, environmental enrichment, and educational strategies.Results: 100 infants at risk for delayed motor development were recruited. Eighteen infants were classified at high risk of CP, and 10 families completed telerehabilitation (83% final retention rate). No adverse events were reported. Adherence to the telecare program was high (90%). The costs were low. We found increased scores for all dimensions and the total score of the GMFM-88, and the AIMS percentile at the end of the intervention. Most infants presented a clinically significant change for the GMFM-88.Conclusions: The telecare program was feasible.

Anatomy of the Middle Meningeal Artery

Introduction The middle meningeal artery (MMA) is an important artery in neurosurgery. As the largest branch of the maxillary artery, it provides nutrition to the meninges and to the frontal and parietal regions. Diseases, including dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), pseudoaneurysm, true aneurysm, traumatic arteriovenous fistula (TAVF), Moya-Moya disease (MMD), recurrent chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), migraine, and meningioma,may be related to the MMA. The aim of the present study is to describe the anatomy of the MMA and to correlate it with brain diseases. Methods A literature review was performed using the PubMed, Scielo, Scientific Direct, Ebsco, LILACS, TripDataBase and Cochrane databases, with the following descriptors: neurosurgery, neuroanatomy, meninges and blood supply. Discussion The MMA is embedded in a cranial groove, and traumatic or iatrogenic factors can result in MMA-associated pseudoaneurysms or arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). In hemodynamic stress, true aneurysms can develop. Arteriovenous fistulas, pseudoaneurysms, and true aneurysms can be effectively treated by endovascular or surgical removal. In MMD, the MMA plays a role in the development and in the improvement of collateral circulation. Finally, in cases of CSDH, when standard surgery and drainage fail, MMA embolization can constitute a great alternative. Conclusion The MMA is a relevant structure for the understanding of neurosurgical diseases. In conclusion, every neurosurgeon must know the anatomy of the MMA sufficiently to correlate it with the diagnosed pathology, thus obtaining treatment effectiveness and preventing brain lesion.

Vivência acadêmica em um projeto de extensão em tempos de pandemia / Academic experience in an extension project in times of a pandemic

A pandemia trouxe diversas mudanças sociais e econômicas, atingindo diretamente o sistema educacional, sendo necessária a criação de estratégias para a reestruturação do ensino pedagógico e metodológico, por meio de tecnologias digitais de comunicação e informação, para continuação do ensino-aprendizagem. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a vivência dos membros do Projeto de Extensão Sobre o Câncer de Mama e envolvimento dos estudantes universitários nas atividades durante a pandemia. No presente artigo, há abordagem descritiva, do tipo relato de experiência.O período da experiência ocorreu entre os meses de junho a dezembro de 2020. Foram implementa das atividades remotas, que incluíram publicações e lives nas redes sociais Instagram™ e WhatsApp™por acadêmicos e professores.O modelo de Ensino Remoto Emergencial,apesar de ser desafiador, é capaz de oferecer uma aprendizagem contínua e promover a interação entre os alunos e a aprendizagem, bem como entre os alunos.Essas vivências de experiências foram possíveis,diante do cenário atual, devido às ferramentas das redes sociais, que se identificou como um importante aliado no mundo conectando a todos.

The pandemic brought several social and economic changes, directly affecting the educational system, making it necessary to create strategies for restructuring pedagogical and methodological teaching, through digital communication and information technologies, for the continuation of teaching-learning. This study aims to report the experience of members of the Extension Project on Breast Cancer and the adhesion of students toremote activities during this period of pandemic. This is a descriptive study, of the experience report type. The trial period took place between June and December 2020. Remote activities were implemented, which included publications and lives on social networks Instagram™and WhatsApp™by academics and professors. The Emergency Remote Teaching model, despite being challenging, is capable of offering continuous learning and promoting interaction between the student and learning and among students. These experiences were possible, given the current scenario, due to the tools of social networks, which proved to be an important ally in the world, connecting everyone.

Home-based early stimulation program targeting visual and motor functions for preterm infants with delayed tracking: Feasibility of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

AIMS: To verify the feasibility of a home-based early stimulation program targeting visual and motor functions in preterm infants with delayed visual tracking. METHOD: We applied a randomized controlled trial. We included thirty low-risk preterm infants, from both genders, with delayed visual tracking, gestational between 28-37 weeks, and age at entrance between 1-2 months of corrected age, and absence of visual impairments. Infants were divided into two groups as follows: a) standard care group (SC) that received general orientation about sensory and motor development (16 infants); b) experimental group, that received a four-week home-based early stimulation program targeting visual and motor functions (ESPVM) applied by the caregivers (14 infants). The feasibility outcomes were retention and loss rates, adherence, adverse events, and stress signals. We obtained preliminary data by comparing visual tracking, motor development, and sensory behavior between groups at the end of the intervention. RESULTS: Retention rate was high, 90 % of the caregivers provided ESPVM at least 22 days, and 70 % provided SC at least 17 days. No adverse events were reported. At the end of intervention, the ESPVM group presented higher frequencies of complete visual tracking for cards 7 (ESPVM = 57.3 %, SC = 6.3 %, p = 0.006) and 8 (ESPVM = 64.3 %, SC = 12.2 %, p = 0.013), and lower scores for total sensory profile (ESPVM: median = 58, range = 46-69; SC: median = 71, range = 54-90; p = 0.016). The groups were similar for motor development. CONCLUSIONS: The protocol was feasible, and the results encourage a larger randomized controlled trial.

Antitumor activity via apoptotic cell death pathway of water soluble copper(II) complexes: effect of the diamino unit on selectivity against lung cancer NCI-H460 cell line.

The cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines (THP-1, U937, Molt-4, Colo-205 and NCI-H460) of three water soluble copper(II) coordination compounds containing the ligands 3,3'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))dipropanamide (BCEN), 3,3'-(piperazine-1,4-diyl)dipropanamide (BPAP) or 3,3'-and (1,4-diazepane-1,4-diyl)dipropanamide (BPAH) are reported in this work. The ligands contain different diamine units (ethylenediamine, piperazine or homopiperazine) and two propanamide units attached to the diamine centers, resulting in N2O2 donor sets. The complex containing homopiperazine unit presented the best antiproliferative effect and selectivity against lung cancer cell line NCI-H460, showing inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 58 µmol dm-3 and Selectivity Index (SI) > 3.4. The mechanism of cell death promoted by the complex was investigated by Sub-G1 cell population analysis and annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) labeling techniques, suggesting that the complex promotes death by apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy investigations are in agreement with the results presented by mitochondrial membrane potential analysis and also show the impairment of other organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum.

Study protocol: functioning curves and trajectories for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Brazil - PartiCipa Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Gross motor development curves for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), grouped by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels, help health care professionals and parents to understand children's motor function prognosis. Although these curves are widely used in Brazil to guide clinical decision-making, they were developed with Canadian children with CP. Little is known about how these patterns evolve in children and adolescents with CP in low-income countries like Brazil. The PARTICIPA BRAZIL aims to: (i) to identify and draw a profile of functioning and disability of Brazilian children and adolescents with CP by classifying them, for descriptive purposes, with all five valid and reliable functional classifications systems (gross motor function, manual ability, communication function, visual and eating and drinking abilities); (ii) to create longitudinal trajectories capturing the mobility capacity of Brazilian children and adolescents with CP for each level of the GMFCS; (iii) to document longitudinal trajectories in the performance of activities and participation of Brazilian children and adolescents with CP across two functional classification systems: GMFCS and MACS (Manual Abilities Classification System); (iv) to document longitudinal trajectories of neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions and exercise tolerance functions of Brazilian children and adolescents with CP for each level of the GMFCS; and (v) to explore interrelationships among all ICF framework components and the five functional classification systems in Brazilian children and adolescents with CP. METHODS: We propose a multi-center, longitudinal, prospective cohort study with 750 Brazilian children and adolescents with CP from across the country. Participants will be classified according to five functional classification systems. Contextual factors, activity and participation, and body functions will be evaluated longitudinally and prospectively for four years. Nonlinear mixed-effects models for each of the five GMFCS and MACS levels will be created using test scores over time to create prognosis curves. To explore the interrelationships among ICF components, a multiple linear regression will be performed. DISCUSSION: The findings from this study will describe the level and nature of activities and levels of participation of children and youth with CP in Brazil. This will support evidence-based public policies to improve care to this population from childhood to adulthood, based on their prognosis.

Força motivacional, suporte à transferência e impacto do treinamento no trabalho / Motivation to transfer, support to transfer and its impacts in transfer of training / Fuerza motivacional, soporte de transferencia y impacto del entrenamiento en el trabajo

Há uma preocupação crescente em avaliar efeitos de treinamento no desempenho dos egressos, bem como nos resultados organizacionais. Apesar dos altos investimentos, nem sempre o que é aprendido converte-se em comportamento no trabalho. Estudos demonstram que motivação para aprender e transferir e suporte à aplicação de novas aprendizagens no trabalho são preditores de impacto do treinamento no trabalho. Este estudo objetiva avaliar a influência de percepções de Suporte Psicossocial à Transferência e Força Motivacional sobre Impacto em Amplitude do Treinamento no Trabalho, com base na avaliação de três treinamentos. Participaram desta pesquisa 2.'975 egressos de três treinamentos oferecidos pela Universidade Corporativa de uma empresa pública federal. Foi usada a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais para testar 5 hipóteses. As escalas utilizadas apresentaram evidências de validade. Os resultados indicaram que Força Motivacional e Suporte Psicossocial à Transferência são preditoras de Impacto do Treinamento no Trabalho e que Força Motivacional é mediadora das relações entre Suporte Psicossocial à Transferência e Impacto do Treinamento no Trabalho. Conclui-se que é preciso evidenciar os benefícios do treinamento para os egressos e organização, estimulando o aumento da motivação para aprender e transferir e que os egressos precisam de suporte de seus superiores e colegas para transferir.

There is an increasing concern regarding training effects in organizational results. Organizations invest a lot of money in training and often those efforts do not translate in better or improved results. This study aims to identify how support to transfer and motivation to transfer affect transfer of training and the mediation effects among that. Three corporate trainings were evaluated with 2.975 respondents of a public organization in Brazil. Structural equation modeling was used to test five hypotheses, referring to motivation to transfer, support to transfer and transfer of training. Results indicate that instruments are valid and that support to transfer and motivation to transfer predict transfer of training. Also, motivation to transfer mediates the relation among support to transfer and transfer of training. Therefore, it is necessary to evidence the benefits of training, stimulating trainees' motivation to learn and transfer. They should also have support from their superiors and peers to transfer of they have learned.

Hay una preocupación creciente en evaluar efectos de entrenamiento en el desempeño de los egresados, así como en los resultados organizacionales. Aunque las altas inversiones, no siempre lo que se aprende se convierte en comportamiento en el trabajo. Los estudios demuestran que la motivación para aprender y transferir y apoyar la aplicación de nuevos aprendizajes son predictores de impacto del entrenamiento en el trabajo. Este estudio objetivó evaluar la influencia de percepciones de Apoyo Psicosocial a la Transferencia y de la Fuerza Motivacional en el entrenamiento sobre el Impacto del Entrenamiento en el Trabajo. Participaron de esta investigación 2975 egresados de tres entrenamientos ofrecidos por la Universidad Corporativa de una empresa pública brasileña. Se ha utilizado el análisis de ecuaciones estructurales para probar cinco hipótesis. Las escalas utilizadas presentaron fuertes evidencias de validez. Los resultados indicaron que Fuerza Motivacional y Soporte Psicosocial son predictores de Impacto del Entrenamiento en el Trabajo y que Fuerza Motivacional es mediadora de las relaciones entre Soporte Psicosocial e Impacto del Entrenamiento en el Trabajo. Se concluye que es necesario explicitar los beneficios del entrenamiento para los participantes, estimulando así la motivación para aprender y el soporte de los superiores y colegas a la transferencia.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the child development surveillance instrument "Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children (SWYC)" in the Brazilian context / Adaptação Transcultural do instrumento de vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil "Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children (SWYC)" no contexto brasileiro

INTRODUCION: Due to the scarcity of culturally adapted, validated and feasible instruments for assessing child development for use in clinical practice in Brazil, more investment is needed to provide resources with good psychometric properties for clinical and scientific use. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cross-cultural adaptation process of the Child Development Surveillance Instrument "Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children (SWYC)" in the Brazilian context. METHODS: SWYC is an instrument for monitoring development, behavior and risk factors for children younger than 65 months, consisting of questionnaires - Developmental Milestones, Parent's Observations of Social Interactions (POSI), Baby Pediatric Symptom Checklist (BPSC), Preschool Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PPSC) e Family Questions. The cross-cultural adaptation followed the steps recommended in the literature and 45 parents from the first pre-test and 27 from the second pre-test participated. For the analysis of the properties of measurement was used factor analysis (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin-KMO), calculation of convergent validity (Average Variance Extracted - AVE) and reliability (Internal consistency - Cronbach's Alpha - CA. RESULTS: In the first pre-test, parents comprised only 31% of the items. The panel of experts reviewed and modified the questionnaires. In the second pre-test, the comprehension index was 77%, giving rise to the final version. The questionnaires Developmental Milestones, BPSC and PPSC were considered unidimensional (KMO = 0.62 to 0.95) and had AVE of 0.52 to 0.73 and CA = 0.55 to 0.97. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the quality of the items, the convergent validity and the Internal consistency of the Brazilian version of the SWYC revealed satisfactory measurement properties, showing a promising instrument for clinical use and in research with children in Brazil.

INTRODUÇÃO: Diante da escassez de instrumentos de avaliação do desenvolvimento infantil adaptados culturalmente, validados e viáveis para uso na prática clínica no Brasil, é necessário maior investimento para disponibilização de recursos com boas propriedades psicométricas para uso clínico e cientifico. OBJETIVO: Analisar o processo de adaptação transcultural do instrumento de vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil "Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children (SWYC)" no contexto brasileiro. MÉTODO: O SWYC é um instrumento de vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil, comportamento e fatores de risco para crianças menores de 65 meses, constituído pelos questionários - Developmental Milestones, Parent's Observations of Social Interactions (POSI), Baby Pediatric Symptom Checklist (BPSC), Preschool Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PPSC) e Family Questions. A adaptação transcultural seguiu as etapas recomendadas pela literatura e participaram 45 pais do primeiro pré-teste e 27 do segundo pré-teste. Para análise das propriedades de medida foi utilizada análise fatorial (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin-KMO), cálculo da validade convergente (Average Variance Extracted - AVE) e confiabilidade (consistência interna - Cronbach's Alpha - CA. RESULTADOS: No primeiro pré-teste, os pais compreenderam apenas 31% dos itens. O comitê de especialistas reanalisou e modificou os questionários. No segundo pré-teste, o índice de compreensão foi 77%, dando origem a versão final. Os questionários Developmental Milestones, BPSC e PPSC foram considerados unidimensionais (KMO = 0,62 a 0,95) e apresentaram AVE = 0,52 a 0,73 e CA = 0,55 a 0,97. CONCLUSÃO: Análise da qualidade dos itens, da validade convergente e da consistência interna da versão brasileira do SWYC revelou propriedades de medida satisfatórias, mostrando-se um instrumento promissor para uso clinico e em pesquisas com crianças no Brasil.

Modulating the antitumoral activity by the design of new platinum(II) compounds: Synthesis, characterization, DFT, ultrastructure and mechanistic studies.

The synthesis, physico-chemical characterization, Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and cytotoxicity against five human tumoral cell lines (THP-1, U937, Molt-4, Colo205 and H460) of four new platinum(II) coordination compounds are reported, i.e. [Pt(HL1)Cl]·H2O (1), [Pt(HL2)Cl]·H2O (2), [Pt(HL3)Cl]·H2O (3) and [Pt(HL4)Cl]·H2O (4). The ligands contain N2O donor sets. Furthermore, H2L3 and H2L4 present α and ß-naphthyl groups respectively, which are absent in HL1 and H2L2. X-ray diffraction studies were performed for complex (3), indicating the formation of a mononuclear platinum(II) complex. Complexes (3) and (4), which contain α and ß-naphthyl groups respectively, have presented lower IC50 (inhibitory concentration) values than those exhibited by complexes (1) and (2). The mechanism of cell death promoted by complexes (3) and (4) was investigated, suggesting that, toward U937 cell line, the α isomer promotes death by apoptosis and the ß isomer by necrosis. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy investigations are in agreement with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) observed by JC-1 mitochondrial potential sensor and indicate that the activity of complex (3) against U937 cell line is mediated by an apoptotic mechanism associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. A quantification of caspases 3, 6, 8 and 9 indicated that both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are involved in the apoptotic stimuli. Based on DFT calculations all the Pt(II) complexes present the same coordination environment for the metal centre, indicating that the higher cytotoxic activities exhibited by complexes (3) and (4) are related to the presence of the α and ß-naphthyl groups in the ligand structure.

Pattern of Disinfection of Root Canal Dentin by Alternated Acid-Base Irrigating Regimen.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify Enterococcus faecalis density in root canal dentin after chemomechanical preparation (CMP) using alternated irrigating regimen. METHODOLOGY: Root canals (RC) were contaminated with E. faecalis (ATCC 19433) for 3 weeks and evident biofilms were obtained. After initial sampling (S1), the CMP was aided by irrigants: saline solution (control; n=12), a conventional regimen (CR) (group 1; n=12) using 5.25% NaOCl and a final rinse with 17% EDTA, and an alternating regimen (AR) of intercalated use of NaOCl and EDTA (group 2, n=12), followed by a second sampling (S2). After 2 weeks, S3 was obtained. Two roots were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Each root was divided into cervical, mild, and apical segments and sampling of the superficial (n=90) and deep (n=90) dentin layers was obtained using Gates-Glidden burs. The E. faecalis density (CFU/mg) in log10 was categorized as residual (0 > 0.2), moderate (0.2 ≥ 0.5), or elevated (> 0.5). The prevalence of positive samples in BHI and BHI-A was analyzed by Pearson's chi-square test. The data were normalized by a log10 transformation of CFU and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. RESULTS: Biofilms were observed only in the control root canal walls. Topographically, the controls and CR showed similar distributions of E. faecalis in the dentin. Microbiologically positive root canals harbored much E. faecalis in the adjacent dentin (p < 0.05). Irrigating saline provided moderate density of E. faecalis in the dentin while CR and AR resulted in a residual density of microorganisms (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Enterococcus faecalis density in dentin was influenced by the irrigating regimen and the microbiological status of the root canal. The CMP aided by the alternating regimen interfered with the recolonization of the root canal and topographic distribution of Enterococcus in root dentin.

Passive ultrasonic irrigation in root canal: systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there are differences between the root canal disinfection, comparing the passive ultrasonic irrigation technique with the conventional technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following electronic databases were searched: Pubmed; VHL; Web of Sciences and OVID with no publication date restriction. The study's quality evaluation was carried out using the Handbook by Cochrane. The online research identified 5464 studies. From the nine studies selected for a full reading of the text, five were included in the present systematic review. Meta-analysis was performed in three articles, which evaluated the root canal's cleanness through microbiological analysis. RESULTS: Only one article concluded that the ultrasonic passive irrigation showed a better performance compared with the conventional irrigation. None of the articles analyzed presented a low risk of bias in all domains. According to the results of the meta-analysis, there was no statistical difference between the groups (OR = 0.34, IC 95%: 0.10-1.19). CONCLUSIONS: The level of evidence comparing the two techniques is fragile since in all studies some type of bias was observed which may interfere in the results and conclusions.

Computer-assisted analysis of tongue thickness of golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) following topical chronic exposure to distilled alcoholic beverages.

The aim of this study was to measure changes in epithelial thickness in the lingual mucosa of golden hamsters submitted to the topical application of distilled alcoholic beverages. Forty golden hamsters were randomly divided into: Group 1-cachaça 48° GL and Group 2-whisky 40° GL. Alcohol was applied to the right side of the tongue, the left side served as control. Seventy microscopic fields were evaluated. The data were submitted to descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). In Group 1, there was a significant difference in mean total epithelial thickness between the test side and control side (p = 0.044), with significant reductions in the thickness of the epithelial and corneal layers (p < 0.001 and p = 0.021, respectively). At 13 weeks, statistically significant reductions were found in the thickness of both the corneal and epithelial layers (p = 0.032 and p < 001, respectively). At 20 weeks, a statistically significant reduction was found in only the epithelial layer (p = 0.002). In the whisky group, significant increases were found in the thickness of the corneal and epithelial layers (p = 0.015 and p = 0.012, respectively) at 13 weeks. Cachaça 48° GL promoted epithelial atrophy, whereas whisky 40° GL promoted epithelial hyperplasia. Based on the present findings, different types of distilled alcoholic beverages cause different morphometric and morphological changes in the lingual mucosa. Cachaça caused epithelial atrophy, which may facilitate the penetration of carcinogenic agents, whereas whisky caused epithelial hyperplasia, especially in the basal layer, which suggests the onset of the development of premalignant lesions.

CardNutri: Um software de planejamento de cardápios nutricionais semanais para alimentação escolar aplicando inteligência artificial / CardNutri: software of weekly menus nutritional planning for scholarfeeding applying artificial intelligence / CardNutri: una desarrollo de menús de software nutricional semanal para la alimentación escolar aplicación de la inteligencia artificia

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e avaliar um software que utiliza técnicas de Inteligência Artificial para elaborar, automaticamente e de forma rápida, cardápios nutricionais semanais para a Alimentação Escolar,atendendo às necessidades nutricionais diárias dos alunos e, simultaneamente, minimizando o custo total do cardápio. Esses cardápios satisfazem as referências nutricionais do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) de acordo com a faixa etária, variedade, harmonia das preparações e um valor máximo a ser pago por refeição. O tempo de resposta para essa elaboração não ultrapassa cinco minutos. Contudo, o nutricionista precisa escolher o cardápio que melhor lhe atende, pois a ferramenta fornece um conjunto de cardápios eficientes. Assim, o sistema contribui para a elaboração de cardápios nutritivos e baratos, além de facilitar o trabalho do nutricionista que despende de muito tempo para essa tarefa, uma vez que ele necessita de exercer outras funções de sua responsabilidade.(AU)

The aim of this paper is to present and evaluate a software that uses Artificial Intelligence techniques to design, automatically and quickly, weekly nutritional menus for School Feeding, meeting the daily nutritional needs of students and simultaneously minimizing the total cost of the menu. These menus meet the nutritional references the National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) according to age, variety,the harmony of preparations and a maximum amount to be paid per meal. The response time for this preparation does not exceed five minutes. However, the nutritionist must choose the menu that suits youbest, because the tool provides a set of efficient menus. Thus, the system contributes to the development of nutritious and cheap menus, in addition to facilitating nutritionist work spends much time for this task, since it needs to perform other duties of responsibility

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar y evaluar un software que utiliza técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial para elaborar, de forma automática y rápida, menús nutricionales semanales para alimentación escolar, con el objetivo de satisfacer las necesidades nutricionales diarias de los alumnos y al mismo tiempo reducir al mínimo el costo total del menú. Estos menús siguen las recomendaciones nutricionales del Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE) de acuerdo al grupo de edad, variedad y armonía delas preparaciones, y costo máximo por comida. El tiempo de respuesta para esta preparación no debe ser superior a cinco minutos. No obstante, el especialista en nutrición debe elegir el menú que más le convenga, ya que la herramienta proporciona un conjunto de menús eficientes. De este modo, el sistema contribuye a la confección de menús nutritivos y baratos, además de facilitar el trabajo del nutricionista, que invierte mucho tiempo en esa tarea, y que tiene que llevar a cabo otras funciones de su responsabilidad

A oferta de alimentos seguros em restaurante comercial do tipo self service / The supply of safe food in a self-service commercial restaurant

No presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a oferta de alimentos seguros em um restaurante comercial do tipo self service através da verificação das condições microbiológicas de amostras de alimentos, refrescos, água, swab de mãos de manipuladores de alimentos e de utensílios, e da verificação da temperatura dos alimentos durante a distribuição. Encontrou-se adequação microbiológica inferior a 50% para as saladas cruas e cozidas, acima de 90% para as preparações quentes, carnes e utensílios, 54,5% para os refrescos e de 100% para swab de mãos e água. Em relação à temperatura, 8,8% das preparações quentes apresentaram temperatura abaixo de 60ºC, assim como 8,7% das amostras de carnes. Das saladas cruas, 42,1% estavam entre 10 e 21ºC e 52,6% acima de 21ºC. Para as saladas cozidas, 52,2% estavam entre 10 e 21ºC e 26,1% acima de 21ºC. Concluiu-se que a oferta de alimentos seguros em restaurantes comerciais do tipo self service requer o envolvimento das lideranças para a implantação e manutenção das Boas Práticas, com ênfase na importância do treinamento periódico dos manipuladores de alimentos.