Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of the Western Poison Oak, Toxicodendron diversilobum (Anacardiaceae), from California.

Here, we present the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Toxicodendron diversilobum, western poison oak, from Pacific Grove, California. The genome is 159,543 bp in length, contains 133 genes, and has a high level of gene synteny to other species of Toxicodendron.

Problemas del habla asociados a la disglosia labial y palatal / Speech disorders associated with labial and palatal cleft

RESUMEN Fundamento: según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el paladar y labio fisurado son malformaciones del aparato estomatognático que producen problemas conocidos como disglosia labial y palatal. Estas afectan a una de las funciones del aparato estomatognático como es la fonación. Objetivo: analizar los problemas bucofonatorios asociados a la disglosia labial y palatal. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo no experimental, descriptivo de corte trasversal. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 62 pacientes de la Fundación Operación Sonrisa Ecuador, de los cuales se seleccionaron 42 mediante un muestreo no probabilístico intencional. La técnica que se utilizó fue la observación con sus instrumentos la historia clínica y el algoritmo de la escala del habla. Resultados: la escala del habla nasolabial, dentopalatina, test de esfuerzo y el total mostraron una correlación negativa escasa con los trastornos de la salud bucodental agrupados. Por otro lado, la escala del habla test de esfuerzo evidenció una asociación negativa débil con relación a los trastornos de salud bucodental agrupadas. La escala nasolabial provocado y velofaríngea no mostraron correlación en ningún nivel con respecto a los trastornos de la salud bucodental agrupados. Conclusiones: la mayor dificultad en la producción de los fonemas fue dentopalatina en /t/, /d/, /l/, /rr/, /ll/. Dentro de la escala del habla, la media del indicador test de esfuerzo mostró la evaluación más baja.

ABSTRACT Background: according to the World Health Organization, the cleft lip and cleft palate are oral disorders that produce speech problems. These ones affect one of the functions of the stomatognathic system such as phonation. Objective: to analyze the oral problems associated with labial and palatal cleft. Methods: a non-experimental, descriptive, transversal study was carried out. The population was constituted of seventy-two patients whose medical records which were filled out by professionals in different health areas of Operation Smile, forty-two of them were selected based on criteria through intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The observation was applied as technique and its instrument was the medical records and the speech algorithm. Results : the nose-labial speech scale, dent-palatine, stress test and the total showed a low negative correlation with the grouped oral pathologies. On the other hand, the stress test speech scale showed a weak negative association in relation to the grouped oral disorders. The provoked nasolabial scale and velopharyngeal did not correlate at any level with respect to the grouped oral pathologies. Conclusion: the greatest difficulty in the production of phonemes was dent-palatine in / t /, / d /, / l /, / rr /, / ll /. The speech scale showed that the average of the effort test indicator showed the lowest evaluation.

Uso del teléfono celular para mejorar las sub-habilidades de la expresión oral en estudiantes de Odontología / Use of the cell phone to improve the sub-skills of oral expression in students of Dentistry

La investigación tuvo como objetivo contribuir a desarrollar apropiadamente las dos sub-ha-bilidades de la expresión oral del idioma inglés como lengua extranjera. La población estuvo compuesta por 30 estudiantes del primer nivel de la escuela de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo en el período académico abril-agosto 2016. El estudio fue cuasi-ex-perimental y la propuesta didáctica se desarrolló como un complemento a las actividades en clase consideradas en el sílabo de la asignatura de inglés. La estrategia se aplicó en 20 sesio-nes clases tanto dentro como fuera del aula durante tres meses. Se aplicó un test antes y después de la ejecución de la estrategia metodológica. De igual manera se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta por medio de dos cuestionarios, uno dirigido a los estudiantes y otro a los docentes para conocer el grado de satisfacción después del trabajar con la propuesta desarro-llada. Los resultados demostraron que los estudiantes se mostraron más seguros trabajando autónomamente a su propio ritmo a través de escuchar audios en inglés y posteriormente grabar sus conversaciones hasta que consideren que su pronunciación y entonación es la más adecuada en relación al audio original con el que trabajaron. Se evidenció progreso en el 31,46% de los participantes, comparando los resultados de los test aplicados. Finalmente, se puede decir que la estrategia propuesta es innovadora, útil y fácil de usar por los docentes en sus clases.

This research aimed to contribute to develop appropriately the two sub-skills of the oral expression of the English language as a foreign language. The population was composed by 30 students of the first level of the School of Dentistry of Universidad Nacional de Chimbo-razo in the academic period April-August 2016. The study was quasi-experimental and the didactic proposal was developed as a complement to the activities in class considered in the syllabus of the English subject. The strategy was applied in 20 lessons both inside and outside the classroom for three months. A test was applied before and after the execution of the methodological strategy. In the same way, the survey technique was used by means of two questionnaires, one directed to the students and the other to the teachers to know the degree of satisfaction after working with the proposal developed. The results showed that the students were more confident working autonomously at their own pace through listening to audios in English and then recording their conversations until they consider that their pronun-ciation and intonation are the most appropriate in relation to the original audio they worked with. Progress was evidenced in 31.46% of the participants, comparing the results of the applied tests. Finally, it can be said that the proposed strategy is innovative, useful and easy to use by teachers in their classes.

Hormonal State Comparison (Progesterone, Estradiol, and Leptin) of Body Fat and Body Mass Indices in Mexican Women as a Risk Factor for Neonatal Physiologic Condition.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Describe the impact of teen pregnancy on later ovarian activity and metabolic hormones considering the concentration of current levels of ovarian steroids and leptin in a sample of Mexican females. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study in the maternity of the General Hospital of Atlacomulco and campus of the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. PARTICIPANTS: 71 women between the ages of 18 and 24, and 160 neonates seen between March 2010 and June 2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The measurements obtained included anthropometric body composition (bioelectrical impedance), serum hormone quantification of ovarian steroids and leptin (immunoassays), and the Apgar scores, height, and weight in neonates. Statistical analysis included ANOVA, Student, and chi-square for P < .05. RESULTS: Adolescent mothers showed significantly lower concentrations of estradiol (P = .001) and progesterone (P = .001). However, higher levels of leptin in adolescent mothers were not statistically different compared with older mothers (P = .84). Also, leptin was correlated with all measures of adiposity. The mean birth weights (P = .001) and Apgar scores (P = .001) were lower in neonates of adolescent mothers than in neonates of adult mothers. There was no association between maternal age with the anthropometric variables studied. CONCLUSIONS: Early reproduction represents a metabolic stress condition that modifies the long term ovarian activity and metabolic hormones, and impacts the morbidity-mortality of the mother and offspring in a later vital life cycle stage.

Evidence of DNA double strand breaks formation in Escherichia coli bacteria exposed to alpha particles of different LET assessed by the SOS response.

Ionizing radiation produces a plethora of lesion upon DNA which sometimes is generated among a relatively small region due to clustered energy deposition events, the so called locally multiply damaged sites that could change to DSB. Such clustered damages are more likely to occur in high LET radiation exposures. The effect of alpha particles of different LET was evaluated on the bacterium Escherichia coli either by survival properties or the SOS response activity. Alpha radiation and LET distribution was controlled by means of Nuclear Track Detectors. The results suggest that alpha particles produce two types of lesion: lethal lesions and SOS inducing-mutagenic, a proportion that varies depending on the LET values. The SOS response as a sensitive parameter to assess RBE is mentioned.