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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1574808

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La atención en salud de los profesionales de enfermería a personas con diversidad de género puede verse afectada negativamente por la heteronormatividad que ha regido históricamente la sociedad. Actualmente es un desafío resguardar y buscar acciones para entregar un cuidado humanizado inclusivo. Objetivo: Comprender las vivencias del profesional de enfermería al brindar el cuidado humanizado a personas con diversidad de género. Método: Investigación cualitativa, con un enfoque fenomenológico. Se entrevistó a cuatro profesionales de enfermería. La información se recopiló a través de entrevistas individuales y grupales semiestructuradas; los discursos fueron analizados y se realizó una triangulación de los conceptos principales. Resultados: El cuidado humanizado se manifiesta a través de tres dimensiones: vivencias al brindar cuidados humanizados, factores que facilitan la entrega del cuidado humanizado y factores que lo dificultan. Las categorías incluidas en la primera dimensión son igualdad, empatía, respeto y aprendizaje. Los factores que facilitan los cuidados humanizados tienen como categorías la acogida y la formación continua, y los factores que lo dificultan tienen las categorías de nombre social y recelo. Conclusión: El cuidado humanizado a personas con diversidad de género requiere valores de igualdad y empatía, junto con una formación inclusiva desde pregrado. La deficiencia en el desarrollo de habilidades blandas dificulta la relación enfermero-paciente, mientras que el recelo de la persona con diversidad de género obstaculiza las primeras consultas. La integración del nombre social y la formación continua son esenciales para promover un ambiente de confianza y reducir la sensación de vulnerabilidad y discriminación.


Introdução: O atendimento em saúde prestado pelos profissionais de enfermagem às pessoas com diversidade de gênero pode ser afetado negativamente pela heteronormatividade que historicamente rege a sociedade. Atualmente, é um desafio resguardar e buscar ações para proporcionar um cuidado humanizado e inclusivo. Objetivo: Compreender as vivências do profissional de enfermagem ao prestar o cuidado humanizado a pessoas com diversidade de gênero. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem fenomenológica. Foram entrevistados quatro profissionais de enfermagem. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais e em grupo; os discursos foram analisados e foi realizada uma triangulação dos principais conceitos. Resultados: O cuidado humanizado se manifesta por meio de três dimensões: vivências ao fornecer cuidados humanizados, fatores que facilitam a prestação de cuidado humanizado e fatores que a dificultam. As categorias incluídas na primeira dimensão são igualdade, empatia, respeito e aprendizado. Os fatores que facilitam os cuidados humanizados incluem acolhimento e formação contínua, enquanto os fatores que os dificultam incluem o uso do nome social e o receio. Conclusão: O cuidado humanizado a pessoas com diversidade de gênero requer valores de igualdade e empatia, juntamente com formação inclusiva desde o nível de graduação. A deficiência no desenvolvimento de habilidades interpessoais dificulta o relacionamento enfermeiro-paciente, enquanto o receio da pessoa com diversidade de gênero dificulta as primeiras consultas. A integração do nome social e a formação continuada são essenciais para promover um ambiente de confiança e reduzir a sensação de vulnerabilidade e discriminação.


Introduction: Health care by nursing professionals to people with gender diversity can be negatively affected by the heteronormativity that has historically governed society. It is challenging to safeguard and seek actions to provide inclusive humanized care Objective: To understand the nursing professional's experiences when providing humanized care to people with gender diversity. Method: Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Four nursing professionals were interviewed. The information was collected through semi-structured individual and group interviews; the discourses were analyzed, and central concepts were triangulated.Results: Humanized care is manifested through three dimensions: experiences in providing humanized care, factors that facilitate the delivery of humanized care and factors that hinder it. The categories included in the first dimension are equality, empathy, respect and learning. Factors that facilitate humanized care have the categories of welcoming and continuing education, and factors that hinder it have the categories of social name and suspicion. Conclusion: Humanized care for people with gender diversity requires values of equality and empathy, together with inclusive training from undergraduate level. Deficiency in the development of soft skills hinders the nurse-patient relationship, while suspicion of the gender-diverse person hinders first consultations. The integration of the social name and continuous training are essential to promote an environment of trust and reduce the feeling of vulnerability and discrimination.

2.
Kidney Int ; 105(4): 824-834, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38280517

ABSTRACT

In Mexico, chronic kidney disease of unknown origin is highly prevalent. Screening studies in adolescents have shown persistent microalbuminuria (pACR), adaptive podocytopathy and decreased kidney volume (KV). Here, we sought to develop normality tables of kidney dimensions by ultrasound in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes pediatric population (0 to 18y) and evaluate the relationship between the KV and pACR among the region's adolescents in a cross-sectional study. Kidney length (KL) and KV were determined by ultrasound. Our findings were compared with those in international literature of different populations where tables and graphs of normal kidney dimensions by ultrasound were reported. We compared organ dimensions in individuals above the age of 11 without albuminuria with those in patients with pACR recruited through screening studies in adolescents in Aguascalientes. This included 1068 individuals to construct percentile tables and graphs of the KL. Kidney dimensions were significantly lower when compared with all international comparisons. From a total 14,805 screen individuals, we compared 218 adolescents with pACR and 377 individuals without significant albuminuria. The Total KV adjusted to body surface (TKVBS) was significantly associated with pACR (odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.03). The upper quartile of TKVBS was highly associated with pACR (7.57, 4.13-13.87), hypertension (2.53, 1.66-3.86), and hyperfiltration (26 vs 11.5%). Thus, TKVBS is directly associated with pACR while greater KV, arterial hypertension, and hyperfiltration in patients with pACR suggest that the increase in volume is secondary to kidney hypertrophy. Additionally, the adaptative podocytopathy with low fibrosis seen on kidney biopsy which was performed in a subset of patients, and the smaller kidney dimensions in our population point to prenatal oligonephronia as the primary cause of the detected kidney disease.


Subject(s)
Hypertension , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Humans , Child , Adolescent , Albuminuria/diagnosis , Albuminuria/epidemiology , Albuminuria/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mexico/epidemiology , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Kidney/pathology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Hypertension/pathology
3.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 28(3): 685-708, 2021.
Article in Spanish, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34495112

ABSTRACT

An analysis of the relationship between health and war in the context of the Caste War in Yucatan, Mexico, during the second half of the nineteenth century. Using qualitative and quantitative sources, this article reconstructs the main critical health events and argues that the health/disease process at the time can necessarily only be explained in relation to variables connected to the conflict, such as arms trafficking, displacements, diasporas and migrations, food shortages, violence and administrative chaos.


Análisis de la relación entre sanidad y guerra en el contexto de la Guerra de Castas, en Yucatán, México, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. A partir de fuentes cualitativas y cuantitativas, se reconstruyen los principales eventos sanitarios críticos y se plantea que el proceso salud/enfermedad de la época se explica única y necesariamente en relación a variables propias del conflicto, como tráfico de armas, desplazamientos, diásporas y migraciones, falta de alimentos, violencia y caos administrativo.


Subject(s)
Violence , Warfare , Armed Conflicts , Mexico , Social Class
4.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos;28(3): 685-708, jul.-set. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339962

ABSTRACT

Resumen Análisis de la relación entre sanidad y guerra en el contexto de la Guerra de Castas, en Yucatán, México, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. A partir de fuentes cualitativas y cuantitativas, se reconstruyen los principales eventos sanitarios críticos y se plantea que el proceso salud/enfermedad de la época se explica única y necesariamente en relación a variables propias del conflicto, como tráfico de armas, desplazamientos, diásporas y migraciones, falta de alimentos, violencia y caos administrativo.


Abstract An analysis of the relationship between health and war in the context of the Caste War in Yucatan, Mexico, during the second half of the nineteenth century. Using qualitative and quantitative sources, this article reconstructs the main critical health events and argues that the health/disease process at the time can necessarily only be explained in relation to variables connected to the conflict, such as arms trafficking, displacements, diasporas and migrations, food shortages, violence and administrative chaos.


Subject(s)
Violence , Warfare , Social Class , Armed Conflicts , Mexico
5.
Front Neurosci ; 15: 686481, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34177458

ABSTRACT

The knowledge about how different subsystems participate and interplay in sensorimotor control is fundamental to understand motor deficits associated with CNS injury and movement recovery. The role of corticospinal (CS) and rubrospinal (RS) projections in motor control has been extensively studied and compared, and it is clear that both systems are important for skilled movement. However, during phylogeny, the emerging cerebral cortex took a higher hierarchical role controlling rubro-cerebellar circuits. Here, we present anatomical, neurophysiological, and behavioral evidence suggesting that both systems modulate complex segmental neuronal networks in a parallel way, which is important for sensorimotor integration at spinal cord level. We also highlight that, although specializations exist, both systems could be complementary and potentially subserve motor recovery associated with CNS damage.

6.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 28(3): 685-708, 2021.
Article in Spanish | HISA - History of Health | ID: his-44433

ABSTRACT

Análisis de la relación entre sanidad y guerra en el contexto de la Guerra de Castas, en Yucatán, México, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. A partir de fuentes cualitativas y cuantitativas, se reconstruyen los principales eventos sanitarios críticos y se plantea que el proceso salud/enfermedad de la época se explica única y necesariamente en relación a variables propias del conflicto, como tráfico de armas, desplazamientos, diásporas y migraciones, falta de alimentos, violencia y caos administrativo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Armed Conflicts , Disease , Death , Mexico , History, 19th Century
7.
J Neurosci Methods ; 329: 108454, 2020 01 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31669337

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Understanding the configuration of neural circuits and the specific role of distinct cortical neuron types involved in behavior, requires the study of structure-function and connectivity relationships with single cell resolution in awake behaving animals. Despite head-fixed behaving rats have been used for in vivo measuring of neuronal activity, it is a concern that head fixation could change the performance of behavioral task. NEW METHOD: We describe the procedures for efficiently training Wistar rats to develop a behavioral task, involving planning and execution of a qualified movement in response to a visual cue under head-fixed conditions. The behavioral and movement performance in freely moving vs head-fixed conditions was analyzed. RESULTS: The best behavioral performance was obtained in the rats that were trained first in freely moving conditions and then placed in a head-restrained condition compared with the animals which first were habituated to head-restriction and then learned the task. Moreover, head restriction did not alter the movement performance. Stable juxtacellular recordings from sensorimotor cortex neurons were obtained while the rats were performing forelimb movements. Biocytin electroporation and retrograde tracer injections, permits identify the hodology of individual long-range projecting neurons. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: Our method shows no difference in the behavioral performance of head fixed and freely moving conditions. Also includes a computer aided design of a discrete and ergonomic head-post allowing enough stability to perform juxtacellular recording and labeling of cortical neurons. CONCLUSIONS: Our method is suitable for the in vivo characterization of neuronal circuits and their long-range connectivity.


Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal/physiology , Conditioning, Operant/physiology , Connectome/methods , Electrocorticography/methods , Motor Activity/physiology , Neurons/physiology , Restraint, Physical , Sensorimotor Cortex/physiology , Animals , Electroporation , Forelimb/physiology , Head Movements/physiology , Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Rats , Rats, Wistar
8.
Rev. cienc. cuidad ; 16(2): 120-131, 2019.
Article in Spanish | COLNAL, LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1015567

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La sobrecarga del cuidador de niños con cáncer se ha aplicado a partir de instrumentos que fueron diseñados para cuidadores de adultos con Alzheimer; sin embargo, aún no se tiene claridad acerca de este concepto en el caso del cáncer infantil. El propósito de esta revisión es identificar las peculiaridades del concepto de sobrecarga del cuidador del niño con cáncer. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integrativa cualitativa, mediante el análisis de 21 artículos publicados entre 2012 y 2017, en español, inglés y portugués; la muestra se obtuvo de las bases de datos Bi-blioteca Virtual en Salud, Scielo, Science Direct, Embase, Ovid y Scopus; se usaron los descriptores Burden, Cancer, Children, Parents, Overload. Resultados: 5 fueron los temas relacionados con la sobrecarga del cuidador del niño con cáncer, especial-mente en lo que se refiere al sobreesfuerzo dimensional a nivel: físico, psicológico, social, económico y espiritual. Conclusión: Aunque el concepto de sobrecarga ha evolucionado hasta contar con instrumentos de medición, el fenómeno se vive de ma-nera particular en cuidadores de niños con cáncer debido a la influencia que tienen el amor parental y la connotación social del cáncer; no obstante, los cuidadores realizan sobreesfuerzos y no desean abandonar el cuidado


Introduction: The overload of care takers of children with cancer has been applied from instruments that were designed for care takers of adults with Alzheimer; howe-ver, there is no clarity about this concept in the case of childhood cancer yet. The purpose of this review is to identify the peculiarities of the concept of work overload for the care takers of children with cancer. Methodology: A qualitative, integrative review was performed through the analysis of 21 articles published between 2012 and 2017, in Spanish, English and Portuguese; the sample was obtained from the data bases Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (Virtual Library of Health) Scielo, Science Direct, Embase, Ovid y Scopus; the descriptors used were: Burden, Cancer, Children, Parents, Overload. Results: There were 5 subjects related to work overload from the care taker of a child with cancer, specially referring to dimensional overload in the physical, psychological, social, economic and spiritual levels. Conclusions: Although the concept of overload has evolved to count with measuring instruments, the phenomena is particular for care takers of children with cancer due to the influence of family love and the social connotation of cancer; however, care takers have work overload and do not wish to abandon their job.


Introdução: A sobrecarga do cuidador de crianças com câncer foi objetivada por instrumentos que foram projetados para cuidadores de adultos com doença de Alzheimer, no entanto, este conceito ainda não foi esclarecido no caso de câncer infantil. O objetivo desta revisão é identificar os atribu-tos do conceito de sobrecarga do cuidador da criança com câncer. Materiais e métodos: Revisão in-tegrativa qualitativa onde 21 artigos publicados entre 2012 e 2017 em espanhol, inglês e portugués, foram retirados das bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Scielo, Science Direct, Embase, Ovid e Scopus, utilizando os descritores Burden, Cancer, Children, Parents, Overload. Resultados: Cinco questões relacionadas à sobrecarga do cuidador da criança com câncer surgiram, o que cons-titui uma sobrecarga dimensional em um nível físico, psicológico, social, econômico e espiritual. Conclusão: Embora o conceito de sobrecarga tenha evoluído na ciência para ter instrumentos de medição, o fenômeno é experimentado de forma particular nos cuidadores de crianças com câncer desde o amor parental e a conotação social do câncer, apesar do excesso de esforço , cuidadores não querem abandonar o cuidado.


Subject(s)
Caregivers , Child
9.
Repert. med. cir ; 27(1): 39-43, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-912064

ABSTRACT

Presentamos un caso de muerte súbita de una lactante de tres meses de edad. La autopsia reveló una miocardiopatía hipertrófica y la muestra de sangre del cordón umbilical almacenada fue utilizada para análisis molecular. Mediante la secuenciación de siguiente generación (NGS) de 4813 genes (exoma clínico), se identificó una variante patogénica en el gen ELAC2, (c.210_222 del p.Gly71ThrfsTer26) en estado heterocigoto y otra variante probablemente patogénica en el mismo gen (c.1177C>T p.His393Tyr) en estado heterocigoto, asociadas con miocardiopatía hipertrófica. Adicionalmente, se identificó una variante patogénica en el exón 358 del gen TTN, (c.104515C>T, het p.Arg34839X) y una VUS (variante de significado incierto) en el gen MYPN (c.2428C>T, p.Arg810Cys), la cual podría tener un efecto aditivo en el fenotipo de la paciente. Así mismo se observa un polimorfismo de riesgo en el exón 16 en el gen LRP8, asociado con enfermedad coronaria (CAD) e infarto de miocardio prematuros (MI) (NM_017522: c.2066G>A, het, p.R689Q). La cardiopatía hereditaria es una causa probable de muerte súbita cardiaca, el análisis molecular por NGS puede ayudar a realizar un diagnóstico precoz para predecir a edad temprana pacientes con riesgo potencial de muerte súbita cardiaca así como un asesoramiento genético dirigido.


We present the case of sudden death in a three month old female infant. The girl died of sudden death, and the autopsy revealed a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as the underlying alteration. The stored umbilical cord blood sample was used for molecular analysis. A pathogenic heterocigous variant in ELAC2 (c.210_222del, p.Gly71ThrfsTer26), and another probably pathogenic variant in the same gene ( c.1177C> T p.His393Tyr,het) associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was identified. In addition, a pathogenic variant is identified in exon 358 of the TTN gene (c.104515C> T, het p.Arg34839X,het) and a VUS (variant of uncertain significance) in the MYPN gene (c.2428C> T, p.Arg810Cys,het), which may have an additive effect on the patient's phenotype. A risk polymorphism at exon 16 in the LRP8 gene, associated with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and premature myocardial infarction (MI) (NM_017522: c.2066G> A, het, p.R689Q) was also found. Hereditary heart disease is a probable cause of sudden cardiac death, molecular analysis by NGS can help an early diagnosis and to predict at an early age, the risk of sudden cardiac death as well as directed genetic counseling.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Autopsy , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial , Exome Sequencing
10.
Rev. méd. panacea ; 6(1): 12-16, ene.-abr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1022503

ABSTRACT

Introducción:El cáncer de la próstata se ha convertido en una patología muy estudiada en los últimos años, debido al incremento de la tasa de mortalidad, que lo ha posicionado en el segundo lugar de causas de decesos en el hombre, después del cáncer de pulmón (1), siendo muchas las técnicas complementarias se encuentran a disposición para tratar de identificarlo, actualmente, el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer prostático se asienta sobre las herramientas clásicas que constituyen un trípode conformado por el tacto rectal (TR), el antígeno prostático específico en suero (PSA) y el examen con ecografía transrectal (ETR), seguido por la biopsia transrectal (BTR), mas no existe un acuerdo generalizado acerca de la indicación precisa para efectuar la biopsia. Objetivos: Determinar la utilidad del valor predictivo de la relación PSA libre/PSA total en el diagnóstico diferencial entre hiperplasia benigna de próstata y carcinoma prostático.Material y métodos: Nivel de Investigación observacional, tipo analítico, prospectivo y transversal. Realizado mediante chi2, curva de ROC y regresión lineal. Resultados: Corte de relación de PSA libre/total en 15%, con una sensibilidad de 83% y una especificidad de 69%, VPP de 51% y un VPN 91% para el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata. (AU)


Introduction: Prostate cancer has become a very studied pathology in recent years, due to the increase in the mortality rate, which has positioned it in the second place of causes of death in man, after lung cancer (1 ), Many complementary techniques are available to try to identify it, currently the early diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on the classic tools that constitute a tripod formed by rectal examination (TR), prostate-specific antigen in serum ( PSA) and transrectal ultrasound (RTE), followed by transrectal biopsy (BTR), but there is no general agreement about the precise indication for biopsy. Objetive: To determine the usefulness of the predictive value of the free PSA / total PSA ratio in the differential diagnosis between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Level of observational research, analytical, prospective and cross-sectional type. Performed using chi2, ROC curve and linear regression. Results: PSA F/T ratio cut by 15%, with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 69%, PPV of 51% and a 91% NPV for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Prostatic Neoplasms , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
11.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, MOSAICO - Integrative health | ID: biblio-1006809

ABSTRACT

Este artículo analiza los pilares que sostuvieron la práctica terapéutica en Yucatán para tratar a los enfermos de cólera durante los brotes registrados antes del descubrimiento de su etiología bacteriana, uno en 1833 y otro en 1853. Debido en parte a una importante evolución del pensamiento médico-científico y a la divulgación de los principios del positivismo, en esta época se vivió un profundo proceso de transformación que significó, entre otras cosas, nuevas percepciones sobre la enfermedad y esquemas distintos a los coloniales para afrontar las emergencias y procurar la salud pública. Sin embargo, ante la falta de consensos en cuanto al origen del cólera y sus medios de propagación, el gobierno estatal promovió la difusión de diferentes técnicas terapéuticas empleadas en Europa o Estados Unidos, que se sumaron al conocimiento local respecto al empleo medicinal de la herbolaria, retomando también antiguas ideas sobre la incidencia de las conductas morales individuales en la propensión al contagio y eventualmente a la muerte. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cholera , History of Medicine , Medicine, Traditional , Mexico
12.
Univ. psychol ; 13(spe5): 1931-1940, dic. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-751280

ABSTRACT

La historia de la psicología puede situarse en escenarios aparentemente ajenos al campo. Con el propósito de comprender el desarrollo de la psicología fuera del laboratorio y de los grandes personajes, el presente trabajo estudia los medios por los cuales la producción de conocimiento psicológico se ensambla a la sociedad. Se analiza la producción discursiva de expertos en psicología que participaron durante el 2009 en el debate jurídico sobre adopción gay en Colombia, describiendo la manera en la que la evidencia psicológica es articulada al ámbito jurídico. Se encuentra que la Corte Constitucional configura un escenario que privilegia y promueve la producción de conocimiento psicológico y que los expertos construyen versiones sobre el orden social a través de la evidencia.


The history of psychology can be placed in scenarios apparently outside of field. In order to understand the development of psychology out of laboratory and great characters, this paper studies the means by which the production of psychological knowledge is assembled on society. Is analyzed the production discursive of psychology experts who participated in 2009 in the legal debate on gay adoption in Colombia, describing the way in which psychological evidence is articulated to legal field. Is found that the Corte Constitucional is a scenario that favors and promotes the production of psychological knowledge, and experts built versions of the social order through the evidence.


Subject(s)
Psychology/history , Colombia
13.
Hist. mex ; 63(1): 111-170, jul. - sept. 2013.
Article in Spanish | HISA - History of Health | ID: his-34168

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se discute el fenómeno de la orfandad en que quedaron muchos menores tras la epidemia de cólera que llegó a Yucatán en julio de 1833. se indaga el destino de los infates cuyos padres y madres fallecieron de cólera, el papel que tuvieron las redes de parentesco en darles cobijo y la influencia de Iglesia y Estado en esta problemática. Con base en fuentes de primera mano, se propone que la orfandad generada por el cólera sirvió como pretexto para que grupos económica y socialmente privilegiados se hicieran de fuerza laboral gratuita, ya para el servicio doméstico, ya para el trabajo en las haciendas. (AU)


Subject(s)
Public Health/history , Cholera/epidemiology , Child, Orphaned/history , Religion and Medicine , History, 19th Century , Mexico
14.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; Rev. latinoam. psicol;44(3): 119-131, sep.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-678100

ABSTRACT

El esencialismo psicológico es la teoría lega sobre las comunalidades entre los miembros de un mismo grupo que entiende las características superficiales de las personas como una expresión de su naturaleza subyacente. Es también una herramienta discursiva de carácter ideológico, que puede ser usada de múltiples maneras en diferentes contextos, gracias a su amplio dominio. Este estudio se propuso examinar el uso de argumentos esencialistas en el discurso sobre los Negros en Colombia. Para la identificación de los contenidos latentes en los procesos de categorización social de Afrocolombianos, se realizó un análisis de contenido el cual sugiere que la aproximación esencialista a la comprensión de los grupos raciales/étnicos puede, de hecho, tener implicaciones sobre las relaciones intergrupales. Los hallazgos se discuten a la luz de la literatura en el área.


Psychological essentialism is a lay theory about the communalities between members of the same social category which understands surface characteristics of members as an expression of their underlying nature. It can be seen as a rhetorical tool of ideological nature that can be used in different ways in different contexts thanks to its wide domain. The aim of this study was to examine the use of essentialist arguments in the discourse about Black people in Colombia. The identification of latent contents embedded in the social categorization process of Afro-colombian people was performed through a content-analysis suggesting that indeed, an essentialist approach to racial/ethnic groups may prove to have important implications for intergroup relationships. Findings are discussed on the basis of available literature in this topic.

15.
Rev. cuba. plantas med ; 17(4): 343-359, oct.-dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-656389

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: evaluar la actividad antiinflamatoria y antioxidante de extractos acuosos de hojas y corteza de Bauhinia kalbreyeri Harms mediante un modelo de inflamación intestinal en ratas. Métodos: se utilizaron ratas Wistar, a las cuales se les indujo inflamación intestinal aguda mediante el uso de indometacina (15 mg/kg). Los extractos se administraron por gavage (40 mg/kg) durante 7 d. Se midieron los niveles enzimáticos de glutatión peroxidasa (GPX/L de sangre), se determinó el índice de actividad de la enfermedad y se realizó una caracterización macroscópica y microscópica de las lesiones. Resultados: se determinó que la administración oral de los extractos tiene un efecto moderado sobre el modelo agudo de enteritis inducida por indometacina, con la disminución concomitante de los parámetros clínicos, patológicos e inflamatorios. Tanto el análisis histológico como el macroscópico de las muestras de animales tratados con extractos, confirmaron el efecto beneficioso ejercido por estos en el modelo de enteritis aguda inducida por indometacina, el cual se atribuye a los metabolitos secundarios presentes en la planta ya que se evidenció recuperación de la citoarquitectura, disminución en el grado de lesión y del índice de actividad de la enfermedad; así como la estabilización de los niveles de glutatión peroxidasa, que aumenta la viabilidad de las fibras de colágeno, evita el daño celular y promueve la síntesis de ADN, para iniciar la recuperación de la lesión. Conclusión: este estudio se muestra como uno de los pioneros en dilucidar la actividad antiinflamatoria y antioxidante de Bauhinia kalbreyeri en un modelo in vivo.


Objective: to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of leaves and bark from Bauhinia kalbreyeri Harms in an intestinal inflammation model applied to Wistar rats. Methods: the Wistar rats were induced acute intestinal inflammation by using indomethacin (15 mg/kg). The extracts were administered by gavage (40 mg/kg) for 7 days. The enzyme levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX/L of blood) were measured, the rate of disease activity was estimated, and finally the lesions were macroscopically and microscopically characterized. Results: it was found that oral administration of the extracts has a modest effect on acute enteritis model induced by indomethacin, with concomitant decrease in the clinical parameters and inflammatory disease. Both the macroscopic and histological analysis of samples from the animals treated with extracts confirmed their beneficial effect on the indomethacin-induced acute enteritis model. This effect is attributed to the secondary metabolites in the plant since the experiment evidenced recovery of cytoarchitecture, lower degree of injury, reduced rate of disease activity, as well as stabilization of glutathione peroxidase levels that cause more viability of the collagen fibers, prevent cell damage and encourage DNA synthesis to start recovery from injury. Conclusions: this study seems to be one of the pioneers in elucidating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Bauhinia kalbreyeri in an in vivo model.

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