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1.
Cir. pediátr ; 34(1): 43-46, ene. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-201780

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento delas fístulas enterocutáneas establecidas en pacientes multioperados es complejo y requiere de soluciones creativas. Presentamos la resolución de un caso con láser diodo y con cianoacrilatos. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 15 años, diagnosticado a los 12 de colitis ulcerosa y sometido a pancolectomía con ileostomía urgente por brote refractario al tratamiento médico. Cinco meses después se realizó un descenso ileoanal con reservorio dejando ileostomía de protección, pero presentó un posoperatorio tórpido con infección pélvica, precisando dos nuevas laparotomías urgentes, para lavado y hemostasia. Seis meses después, se evidenció una estenosis de la anastomosis que se resolvió tras varias dilataciones, neumáticas bajo visión endoscópica y domiciliarias con tallos de Hegar. Un año después se cerró la ileostomía, presentando al mes una distensión abdominal y aparición de fístula en línea media abdominal, que pudo tutorizarse endoscópicamente, observando su origen en la anastomosis ileoanal. Se trató mediante sesiones de láser diodo, con mejoría parcial, aunque persistía la salida de gases. Un año después se embolizó implantando espirales de platino y cianoacrilatos diluidos con lipiodol, resolviéndose totalmente el cuadro. Transcurridos 17 meses de esta última intervención, el paciente se encuentra asintomático, con continencia fecal total diurna y nocturna, tres deposiciones al día y la fístula está totalmente cerrada. CONCLUSIÓN: El tratamiento con láser diodo, combinado con embolización con espirales de platino y cianoacrilatos, puede ser un tratamiento eficaz con baja morbilidad de las fístulas enterocutáneas establecidas


INTRODUCTION: Enterocutaneous fistula treatment in patients undergoing multiple surgeries is complex and requires creative solutions. We present the case of an enterocutaneous fistula managed with laser diode and cyanoacrylates. CLINICAL CASE: 15-year-old patient, diagnosed with ulcerative colitis at 12 years of age, undergoing full colectomy with urgent ileostomy as a result of a flare-up refractory to medical treatment. Five months later, an ileoanal pull-through with pouch was carried out, leaving a protection ileostomy in place. However, postoperative evolution was poor, with pelvic infection, so two further urgent open surgeries were required for lavage and hemostasis purposes. Six months later, anastomotic stricture was noted. It was healed following various pneumatic dilations under ultrasound vision and at-home dilations using Hegar dilators. One year following this, ileostomy was closed, but one month later, abdominal distension occurred. It was associated with a fistula in the abdominal midline, which could be endoscopically guided, with its origin being located at the ileoanal anastomosis. Laser diode sessions were applied for treatment purposes, with partial improvement, but still with gas emission. One year later, embolization was performed by placing platinum coils and lipiodol-diluted cyanoacrylates, and clinical signs disappeared. 17 months following this surgery, the patient has no symptoms, with full day and night fecal continence and 3 daily stools, and the fistula is completely closed. CONCLUSION: Combined treatment with laser diode and platinum coil and cyanoacrylate embolization proves effective in the management of enterocutaneous fistula, with low morbidity


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Intestinal Fistula/surgery , Cutaneous Fistula/surgery , Laser Therapy/methods , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects , Ileostomy/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Cyanoacrylates/therapeutic use , Platinum/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome
2.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 43(9): 569-577, dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-185903

ABSTRACT

A pesar de una baja mortalidad en los pacientes sometidos a procedimientos de cirugía mayor abdominal, el número de pacientes con alto riesgo aumenta cada día, convirtiendo a esta en un problema de salud. En la actualidad la cirugía se entiende como un proceso continuo en el que el resultado final depende de numerosas pautas sumadas a técnicas menos invasivas que ofrezcan menor impacto fisiológico sobre pacientes con graves comorbilidades. La prevención, el reconocimiento y el tratamiento precoz de las complicaciones se hacen tan importantes como el preoperatorio o la técnica quirúrgica.?La instauración de los protocolos Enhaced Recovery After Surgery es la piedra angular para el tratamiento de estos pacientes, dado que la mayoría de las sociedades quirúrgicas reconocen que reduce la mortalidad, la duración del ingreso y los costes hospitalarios. El manejo postoperatorio de estos pacientes en las unidades de cuidados intensivos garantiza la efectividad y la eficiencia para contribuir al mantenimiento de la prestación de servicios de salud


Despite low mortality in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, the number of high-risk patients is increasing and has become a health problem. At present, surgery is understood as a continuous process, in which numerous guidelines added to less invasive techniques offering a lesser physiological impact upon patients with serious comorbidities are responsible for the final outcome. The prevention, identification and early treatment of complications prove as important as the preoperative or surgical technique.?The introduction of ERAS (enhanced recovery after surgery) protocols is the cornerstone for the management of these patients, and is advocated by most surgical societies for reducing mortality, length of hospital stay and hospital costs. The postoperative management of these patients in postsurgery Intensive Care Units guarantees effectiveness and efficiency in maintaining optimum patient care


Subject(s)
Humans , Intensive Care Units , Abdomen/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Surgical Wound Dehiscence/complications , Combined Modality Therapy , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Anastomosis, Surgical
4.
Med. U.P.B ; 36(1): 24-33, ene.-jun. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-837124

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar la aplicación de prácticas familiares clave de la estrategia de atención integral a las enfermedades prevalentes en la infancia, por parte de los padres de niños inscritos en hogares del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, en la zona rural del municipio de Sopetrán, Antioquia, en 2014. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, transversal. La fuente primaria fue el universo de padres o cuidadores. Resultados: participaron 79 padres o cuidadores de nueve Hogares comunitarios de ocho veredas del municipio. En promedio, las madres tenían 28 años y los padres 32. El 74.7% de las familias fue de estrato socioeconómico nivel uno; la frecuencia de familias de tipo nuclear fue del 48%. Las verduras, los vegetales, los lácteos, las calabazas y las zanahorias fueron los alimentos menos consumidos por los menores. El 54.4% de las familias obtiene el agua de nacimiento y el 21.5% no le realiza tratamiento antes de consumirla. El 5.1% deposita excretas a campo abierto. El 15.2% y el 35.4% desconocen los signos de peligro que ponen en riesgo la vida del menor por infección respiratoria y por enfermedad diarreica aguda, respectivamente. En el 89.9% de los casos las madres se encargan del cuidado de los menores, con poca o nula participación del padre. Conclusión: los padres desconocen las prácticas clave relacionadas con la identificación temprana de signos de alarma de enfermedades prevalentes en la infancia. Además, el derecho al agua potable y saneamiento básico no es una realidad para todas las familias participantes. Adicionalmente, muchas no hierven el agua para consumirla, lo que podría incrementar algunas enfermedades prevalentes.


Objective: To determine to what extent the parents of children participating in the Colombian Institute for Family Wellbeing community homes implemented key family practices as a part of integrated management of childhood illness in the rural areas of Sopetrán, Antioquia in 2014. Methodology: cross-sectional descriptive study. The main source was the universe of parents or caregivers. Results: Seventy-nine parents or caregivers participated from nine community wellbeing homes in eight rural communities. The average age of mothers and fathers was 28 and 32, respectively. Of all families, 74.7% belonged to the lowest socioeconomic strata, and 48% of families were nuclear families. Vegetables, dairy products, pumpkins, and carrots were the least consumed foods by children. Over half of families (54.4%) get water from springs, 21.5% do not treat the water before drinking it, and 5.1% still practice open defecation. In fact, 15.2% and 35.4% remain unaware of the warning signs of infant respiratory infection and acute diarrhea, respectively. In 89.9% of cases, mothers care for children with little or no help from fathers. Conclusion: Parents are unaware of the key practices related to the early identification of warning signs in diseases common to children. In addition, not all participating families have access to treated drinking water and basic sanitary conditions. Lastly, many families do not boil water prior to drinking it, which could increase the prevalence of certain diseases.


Objetivo: determinar a aplicação de práticas familiares chave da estratégia de atenção integral às doenças prevalentes na infância, por parte dos pais de crianças inscritas nos lares do Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, na zona rural do município de Sopetrán, Antioquia, em 2014. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, transversal. A fonte primária foi o universo de pais ou cuidadores. Resultados: participaram 79 pais ou cuidadores de nove Lares comunitários de oito bairros rurais do município. Em média, as mães tinham 28 anos e os pais 32. 74.7% das famílias foi de estrato socioeconômico nível um; a frequência de famílias de tipo nuclear foi de 48%. As verduras, os vegetais, os lácteos, as abóbora e as cenouras foram os alimentos menos consumidos pelos menores. 54.4% das famílias obtém a água de nascimento e 21.5% não se realiza tratamento antes de consumir. 5.1% deposita resíduos a campo aberto. 15.2% e o 35.4% desconhecem os signos de perigo que colocam em risco a vida do menor por infecção respiratória e por doença diarreica aguda, respectivamente. Em 89.9% dos casos as mães se encarregam do cuidado dos menores, com pouca ou nula participação do pai. Conclusão: os padres desconhecem as práticas chave relacionadas com a identificação precoce de signos de alarme de doenças prevalentes na infância. Ademais, o direito à água potável e saneamento básico não é uma realidade para todas as famílias participantes. Adicionalmente, muitas não fervem a água para consumir, o que poderia aumentar algumas doenças prevalentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Integrated Management of Childhood Illness , Primary Prevention , Drinking Water , Rural Areas , Child , Residence Characteristics , Caregivers , Sanitary Profiles , Diarrhea , Infections
5.
Cir. pediátr ; 29(4): 166-170, oct. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-162214

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Las fístulas enterocutáneas (FE) de evolución tórpida y los defectos de pared abdominal (DPA) en niños multioperados son difíciles de manejar y pueden ser causa de fallo intestinal. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si el sistema de presión negativa (SPN) que disminuye el edema, favorece la vascularización y la aparición del tejido de granulación, mejora la cicatrización y el pronóstico de las FE. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de niños multioperados con fístulas enterocutáneas recalcitrantes y de alto débito con o sin defectos de pared abdominal, entre 2008-2014 tratados con SPN. Las variables analizadas fueron el cierre de la fístula y/o defecto abdominal, el tiempo transcurrido y las complicaciones del tratamiento. Resultados. Ocho pacientes cumplieron criterios de inclusión y fueron tratados con SPN con una mediana de 25 días (5-50). La etiología fue vólvulo intestinal (2), enterocolitis necrosante (2), gastrosquisis (2), Blue Rubber Bled Nevus (1) y fístula de anastomosis duodenopancreática en un trasplante hepatopancreático (1). Siete pacientes asociaron defectos de pared abdominal. Dos pacientes se reintervinieron posteriormente por evisceración y ninguno desarrolló nuevas fístulas. Dos pacientes presentaron nueva FE en otra localización y también fue tratada con SPN, resolviéndose. No se identificaron complicaciones derivadas del empleo de la presión negativa. Tras un seguimiento de 5 años, 3 niños recibieron posteriormente un trasplante multivisceral y 4 fallecieron [candidato a trasplante (1), encefalopatía (1), anemia hemolítica (1), sepsis de catéter (1)]. Conclusión. A pesar de nuestra serie limitada de pacientes proponemos este sistema como una herramienta útil en el manejo de FE y/o DPA


Aim of the study. The management of children with enterocutaneous fistulas (EF) along with large abdominal wall defects secondary to multiple surgical interventions can be difficult and sometimes lead to intestinal failure (IF). The aim of this study is to present the results of negative pressure systems and their properties (edema reduction angiogenesis promotion and granulation tissue formation) in children with enterocutaneous fistulas (EF) and their prognosis. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of children with refractory, high output EF treated with NPS between 2008-2014. Outcome variables were duration and effectiveness of treatment as well as complications associated with NPS. Results. Eight patients met inclusion criteria and were treated with NPS during a median of 25 days (range 5-50). The aetiologies were volvulus (2), necrotizing enterocolitis (2), gastroschisis (2), Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus (1) and duodenopancreatic anastomosis fistula following hepatopancreatic transplantation (1). Most patients (n=7) had large abdominal wall defects that closed during treatment, though two patients required further laparotomies due to evisceration. Two patients developed a second EF that was also successfully treated with NPS. No complications were identified arising from the use of NPS. After a 5-yr follow up 3 patients had a multivisceral transplantation and survive, and 4 died due to encephalopathy (1), hemolytic anemia (1), catheter-related sepsis (1) and one while waiting for a multivisceral graft for transplantation. Conclusions. Despite of a limited series of patients we recommend NPS as a useful tool in the management of EF and/ or abdominal wall defects


Subject(s)
Humans , Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy/methods , Intestinal Fistula/therapy , Cutaneous Fistula/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Abdominal Wall/physiopathology
6.
Rev. Esp. Cir. Ortop. Traumatol. (Ed. Impr.) ; 60(4): 260-266, jul.-ago. 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-153784

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Evaluar in vivo la actividad bactericida antiestafilocócica del farnesol sobre superficies de Ti6Al4V. Material y métodos. Se desarrolló un modelo experimental de infecciones en biomateriales inoculando Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 en los fémures de 15 ratas wistar. Seguidamente se insertó una aguja de Ti6Al4V impregnada con farnesol 30 mM en el fémur estudio y una aguja control en el fémur control. Para valorar la eficacia bactericida se compararon las medianas de unidades formadoras de colonias recuperadas después de la inoculación en el grupo estudio y en el grupo control, para diferentes tiempos de eutanasia y tamaño de inóculos. Resultados. La mediana expresada en Log10 de los recuentos de UFC obtenidos en agujas de titanio con farnesol fue de 4,26 y en agujas sin farnesol, controles, fue de 4,86. Esta diferencia, al aplicar la prueba de t de Student para muestras relacionadas, resultó ser estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,001). La reducción mediana obtenida en las agujas con farnesol respecto a las agujas control fue del 74%. Conclusiones. El tratamiento con farnesol de agujas de Ti6Al4V, a una concentración de 30 mM, parece disminuir la tasa de colonización por Staphylococcus aureus en dichas agujas (AU)


Objective. To evaluate the in vivo anti-staphylococcal bactericidal activity of farnesol on Ti6Al4V surfaces. Material and methods. An experimental model of infection in biomaterials was developed by inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 into the canal of both femurs of 15 Wistar rats. A Ti6Al4V pin impregnated with 30 mM of farnesol was inserted into study femur, and a Ti6Al4V control was inserted into the control femur. To evaluate the bactericidal efficacy, a comparison was made between the median of the colony forming units recovered after inoculation in the study group and the control group for different times of euthanasia and inoculum size. Results. The median expressed as Log10 CFU counts obtained with farnesol titanium pin was 4.26, and in control group, it was 4.86, which was statistically significant (P=.001) on applying the Student t test for related samples. The median reduction obtained in farnesol pins relative to the control was 74%. Conclusions. Treatment with farnesol 30 mM on Ti6Al4V pins appears to decrease the rate of colonisation by Staphylococcus aureus (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Implants, Experimental/microbiology , Implants, Experimental , Models, Animal , Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology , Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic use , Needles , Blood Bactericidal Activity , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Fracture Fixation, Internal/trends , Fracture Fixation, Internal/veterinary
7.
Cir. pediátr ; 29(2): 72-76, abr. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-159984

ABSTRACT

La fístula recto-vestibular se puede asociar a anomalías ginecológicas que, en numerosas ocasiones, pasan inadvertidas en la exploración inicial. Su reconocimiento en el momento adecuado puede cambiar el plan terapéutico y el pronóstico. Se revisan las historias de las pacientes con fístula recto-vestibular de los últimos 18 años y se describen las malformaciones ginecológicas asociadas, el momento del diagnóstico, el tratamiento y resultado postoperatorio. De 39 pacientes, en 5 (12,8%) se observaron 12 malformaciones ginecológicas: hemivaginas (2), hemiúteros (2), agenesia uterina (2), agenesia vaginal (2) y tabique vaginal (3). En dos pacientes el diagnóstico se realizó durante la anorrectoplastia, en otras dos después de la anorrectoplastia sagital posterior a causa de hidrometrocolpos y solo en una de ellas, antes de la intervención. En las pacientes con hemivagina y hemiútero se realizó, en una, la extirpación del hemiútero y la trompa y, en la otra, plastia vaginal transformándola en una única vagina. Cuando el diagnóstico se hizo antes de la intervención se pudo planificar la plastia adecuadamente. En la paciente con tabique vaginal y hallazgo intraoperatorio la anomalía genital fue tratada durante la anorrectoplastia. La paciente con agenesia vaginal y uterina aún no ha sido intervenida. Las malformaciones ginecológicas se asocian con relativa frecuencia a la fístula recto-vestibular. Por ello se requiere una exploración ginecológica adecuada antes de la anorrectoplastia para poder planificar de manera correcta el momento de la reparación, evitando complicaciones e intervenciones innecesarias


Patients with recto vestibular fistula may have gynecological malformations that could be unnoticed at the initial examination. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the incidence of these malformations and propose a study method to help diagnose these malformations, avoiding unnecessary surgeries. We reviewed the records of patients treated with rectovaginal fistula (RVF) in the last 18 years and studied their gynecological malformations, time at diagnosis and treatment received. Of the 39 patients treated, 5 of them (13.1%) demonstrated 9 gynecological malformations: Hemivaginas (2), hemiuteros (2), uterine agenesis (2), vaginal agenesis (2) and vaginal septum (1). The diagnosis was made after the posterior sagittal approach (PSA) in two patients (acute abdomen and hydrometrocolpos), during the PSA in 2 patients and only one of them was diagnosed before the PSA. The 2 patients with hemivaginas and hemiuterus underwent a hemihysterosalpinguectomy and a vaginoplasty later in adolescence. The patient with vaginal and uterine agenesis diagnosed prior to PSA underwent a posterior sagittal anorectoplasty and a vaginoplasty with colon in the same procedure. The patient with vaginal and uterine agenesis (age 13 months) is waiting for vaginal replacement. The patient with vaginal septum (intraoperative finding) underwent a septum resection during the PSA. Gynecological defects are part of RVF spectrum. Girls with RVF require a complete gynecological examination prior to the definitive repair. Preoperative examinations assist in the timing and type of repair, and ultimately avoids complications and unnecessary interventions


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Urogenital Abnormalities/complications , Rectal Fistula/complications , Digestive System Abnormalities/complications , Cloaca/abnormalities , Vagina/abnormalities , Retrospective Studies
8.
Vet. Microbiol ; 184: p. 27-30, 2016.
Article | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IBPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: but-ib13875

ABSTRACT

Psittacidae are frequentely bred as pets worldwide, but little is known about the zoonotic risks of these animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia colt (STEC) in the feces of psittacine birds housed as pets. A total of 171 fecal samples (67 cockatiels, 59 budgerigars, and 45 agapornis) were cultured. Forty-two (E. coli) strains were identified, and the presence of the eae,stx1, and stx2 genes was determined using PCR. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the STEC strains were determined using the disk diffusion method and phylogenetic analysis according to the new Clermont phylotyping method. Using these methods, 19.4% (8/42) of the STEC strains were determined to be positive for the eae and stx2 genes. The results revealed a STEC frequency of 4.6% in the birds (8/171), with a percentage of 8.47% in budgerigars (5/59), 4.47% in cockatiels (3/67), and 0% in agapornis (0/45). None of the STEC isolates belonged to the 0157 serogroup. Most of the strains were classified as sensitive to the 18 antibiotics tested. None of the strains exhibited a multiresistance profile. In the phylogenetic analysis, two strains were classified as non-typeable, three were classified as B2, two were classified as F, and one was classified as Clade I. Seven of the eight STEC strains showed a clonal profile using AFLP. E. coli strains that are stx2(+) plus eae(+) are usually associated with severe human diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The STEC-positive results indicate the zoonotic risk of breeding psittacidae in home environments. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Subject(s)
Bacteriology , Toxicology , Zoonoses
9.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 47(11): 972-976, 11/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723908

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of respiratory muscle fatigue on intercostal and forearm muscle perfusion and oxygenation in patients with heart failure. Five clinically stable heart failure patients with respiratory muscle weakness (age, 66±12 years; left ventricle ejection fraction, 34±3%) and nine matched healthy controls underwent a respiratory muscle fatigue protocol, breathing against a fixed resistance at 60% of their maximal inspiratory pressure for as long as they could sustain the predetermined inspiratory pressure. Intercostal and forearm muscle blood volume and oxygenation were continuously monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy with transducers placed on the seventh left intercostal space and the left forearm. Data were compared by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction. Respiratory fatigue occurred at 5.1±1.3 min in heart failure patients and at 9.3±1.4 min in controls (P<0.05), but perceived effort, changes in heart rate, and in systolic blood pressure were similar between groups (P>0.05). Respiratory fatigue in heart failure reduced intercostal and forearm muscle blood volume (P<0.05) along with decreased tissue oxygenation both in intercostal (heart failure, -2.6±1.6%; controls, +1.6±0.5%; P<0.05) and in forearm muscles (heart failure, -4.5±0.5%; controls, +0.5±0.8%; P<0.05). These results suggest that respiratory fatigue in patients with heart failure causes an oxygen demand/delivery mismatch in respiratory muscles, probably leading to a reflex reduction in peripheral limb muscle perfusion, featuring a respiratory metaboreflex.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Intercostal Muscles/metabolism , Muscle Fatigue/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Reflex/physiology , Respiratory Muscles/metabolism , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Blood Volume/physiology , Forearm , Heart Rate/physiology , Physical Exertion , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology
10.
Rev. calid. asist ; 28(1): 12-18, ene.-feb. 2013.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-109769

ABSTRACT

Fundamento y objetivo. Comisión de Farmacia y Terapéutica (CFT) evalúa peticiones de usos fuera de indicación con un modelo de informe abreviado. El objetivo fue realizar un análisis descriptivo de esta actividad y estudiar la tasa de autorizaciones. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de los informes de la CFT del hospital entre septiembre de 2009 y abril de 2011. Se analizó tipo de fármaco por grupo terapéutico y por tipo de dispensación, indicación y servicio peticionario. Además, se estudió la decisión final adoptada como variable principal y porcentaje de solicitudes aprobadas según características del medicamento evaluado, indicación solicitada, alternativas usadas, evidencia y coste, como resultados secundarios. Resultados. De un total de 51 solicitudes analizadas, un 60,8% fueron medicamentos de uso hospitalario y un 54,9% citostáticos. Destacaron las indicaciones oncohematológicas (43,2%) y autoinmunes (35,3%). Los servicios con más peticiones fueron Hematología (11 peticiones aprobándose el 72,7%), Oncología y Pediatría (10 peticiones aprobándose el 50% para ambas). Se aprobaron el 60,8% de las peticiones. De las no autorizadas, 11 no agotaron las alternativas terapéuticas y 8 no presentaban evidencia suficiente para ser aceptadas. El 47,1% de los medicamentos solicitados tenían un coste/paciente entre 10.000-100.000 euros aprobándose el 58,3% (coste por tratamiento completo si tenía duración definida o coste por año en tratamientos crónicos). Conclusión. Hay una gran actividad de la CFT que crece con los años. La mayoría de las solicitudes son de fármacos de uso hospitalario, sobre todo de citostáticos por Oncohematología. Existe una alta tasa de autorización con una alta variabilidad según servicio y tipo de evidencia. La diferencia, entre aprobados y no aprobados respecto al coste sigue una lógica de coste-efectividad(AU)


Background and objective. The Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (PTC) evaluates the requests for off-label uses with an abbreviated report format. The aim of this study is to perform a descriptive analysis of this activity and to study the rate of approvals. Material and Methods. A descriptive study was performed on the PTC reports in a tertiary hospital between September 2009 and April 2011. The type of drug by treatment group and by type of dispensing, indication and requesting department was analysed. The final decision adopted was studied as the primary outcome, and the percentage of requests approved according to the characteristics of the drug evaluated, indication requested, alternatives used, evidence and cost, as secondary outcomes. Results. A total of 51 applications were analysed, of which 60.8% were drugs for hospital use and 54.9% cytostatic. The most requested indications were the onco-haematological (43.2%) and autoimmune (35.3%). Haematology was the department that made most requests (11 requests with 72.7% approved), Oncology and Paediatrics (both with 10 requests, with 50% approved). Almost two-thirds (60.8%) of the requests were approved. Of those that were not approved, 11 had not used up the therapeutic alternatives, and 8 had no evidence. Just under half (47.1%) of the drugs requested had a cost/patient between 10,000-100,000 euros,of which 58.3% were approved (cost per course of treatment if it had a defined period, or cost of treatment per year for chronic treatment). Conclusion. There is an increase in the activity of the PTC that is growing over the years. Most applications focus on drugs for hospital use and cytostatic drugs by Onco-haematology. There is a high rate of approval by the PTC, and high variability in the percentage of approval depending on the department and the evidence of use. The difference between approved and unapproved requests followed a logic of cost-effectiveness(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Reoperation/methods , Reoperation/trends , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies/trends , Cross-Sectional Studies , /trends , Random and Systematic Sampling
13.
Ars pharm ; 51(supl.2): 96-101, mayo 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-88622

ABSTRACT

El Proyecto realizado por el equipo docente del Departamento de Química Analítica de la Facultad deFarmacia de Sevilla, ha utilizado la técnica de enseñanza en pequeños grupos (EPG) que constituyeuna faceta esencial en la renovación de las metodologías docentes para la incorporación y adaptaciónde las enseñanzas universitarias al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. La actividad propuesta seha llevado a cabo en la asignatura “Química General y Analítica” del Grado en Farmacia. Con elobjetivo de mejorar el aprendizaje del alumno y fomentar el trabajo en equipo del mismo, se hasubdividido en tres cada uno de los seis grupos asignados a “Clases Prácticas en el aula”, logrando unnúmero de alumnos presentes en la misma (20 alumnos) que permite la impartición de la docencia conuna dinámica distinta a la lección magistral. La actividad desarrollada ha tenido una gran acogida porparte de los alumnos donde un alto porcentaje de los mismos consigue superar sin grandes dificultadesel apartado del examen destinado a casos prácticos(AU)


The Project developed by the Educational Team of the Department of Analytical Chemistry (Facultyof Pharmacy, Seville), has used the technique of Small Groups Learning (SGL) that constitutes anessential facet in the renovation of the educational methodologies for the incorporation and adaptationof the university lessons to the European Space for Higher Education. The proposed activity has beencarried out in the “General and Analytical Chemistry” subject of the Degree in Pharmacy. With theaim of improving the learning of the student and fomenting the work in equipment of the same, it hasbeen subdivided in three each one of the six assigned groups to “Practical exercises in the classroom”,obtaining a number of present students in the same (20 students) that allows the imparting of teachingwith a dynamic different from the magisterial lesson. The developed activity has presented a greatreception by the students and a high percentage of the same is able to surpass without great difficultiesthe section of the examination destined to practical cases(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Education, Pharmacy/methods , Education, Pharmacy/trends , Teaching/methods , Teaching/organization & administration , Teaching/standards , 35174 , 50069 , Education, Pharmacy/organization & administration , Education, Pharmacy/standards , Chemistry/organization & administration , Chemistry/standards , Knowledge
14.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 28(4): 231-244, oct.-dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69286

ABSTRACT

En el presente artículo se analizan algunas de lasbarreras que impiden un correcto acceso al aprendizajede la lectura. De una muestra inicial de 36sujetos de Educación Infantil se seleccionaron untotal de 11 alumnos con dificultades de lenguaje,pertenecientes a familias de riesgo —estatussocioocupacional bajo— con estudios no universitarios.El uso de instrumentos cualitativos y estandarizadospermitió indagar sobre determinados aspectospsicolingüísticos y patrones de práctica escolary familiar. Los resultados mostraron un estilodocente basado en el currículo, con patrones rígidosde interacción; los padres usaban un habla nosimbólicay no utilizaron estrategias interactivasen situaciones de lectura de cuentos; el alumnadomostró un evidente retraso en habla y lenguaje asícomo un déficit en tareas narrativas y de procesamientofonológico


This paper analyzes some of the most importantbarriers which do not allow the right access toreading learning. From a sample of 36 preschoolpupils, only 11 with language difficulties werechosen for this study. These 11 pupils belongedto low-income families. The use of qualitativeand standardized tools allowed us to look forpsycholinguistic aspects and practice patterns.Results showed a teaching style based mainly onthe curriculum, with interactive inflexible patterns;their parents used non-symbolic talks andthey did not use interactive strategies in bookreading either; the pupils showed striking delayin language and speaking as well as deficit innarrative and phonological awareness tasks (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Dyslexia/diagnosis , Communication Disorders/diagnosis , Socioeconomic Factors , Psycholinguistics , Curriculum , Speech Disorders/epidemiology , Language Disorders/epidemiology
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