ABSTRACT
There are many instruments and techniques for cleaning and shaping the root canal system, but none achieves the ideal preparation, especially in curved canals. This study compared the step-back technique, using Heliapical and Flexofiles, with the Canal Master technique, using Canal Master U instruments. The Bramante method evaluated and compared the results. Final analysis showed that root canals prepared with Canal Master U instruments and technique were significantly rounder, and had less transportation than those prepared by the Heliapical and Flexofiles using the step-back technique.
Subject(s)
Root Canal Therapy/instrumentation , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Molar , Root Canal Therapy/methodsABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of smoking among young students of the area of La Garrotxa between 1982 and 1986. Two surveys were made, following the same methodology, interviewing two samples of student population 13 to 25 years old. The total number of interviewed students were 1,039 in 1982 and 1,133 in 1986. The smoking prevalence was lower in 1986 than in 1982, decreasing from 55% to 35%. This difference was due to a decrease in the prevalence of those younger than 17 in both sexes and remained stable after adjusting for age, sex and school. The initial age for experimental smoking was delayed by 1 year from 1982 to 1986. The proportion of smoker parents was not different between both periods. We conclude that smoking habit has decreased in younger people, and this is probably due to a delay in the age of smoking initiation.
Subject(s)
Smoking/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Regression Analysis , Spain/epidemiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
In the present paper is studied the concentration in peripheral blood of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM and factors C3 and C4 of the complement system in a group of 120 patients with colorectal cancer operated on with radical intention. Preoperative values are compared to postoperative results and the values obtained on diagnosis of tumoral recurrence with the object of describing possible immunologic alterations existent in the patient with colorectal carcinoma. It is concluded that there are no significant relations between the biochemical parameters studied and age, sex, tumoral localization and Duke's clinical stages. Patients with pre and postoperative IgA values above normal present a poor prognosis, with an associated recurrence of 60% (p = 0.001) and 80% (p = 0.000), respectively; postoperative C3 levels above normal also represent a factor of poor prognosis, recurrence appearing in 80% (p = 0.001) and metastases in 85% (p = 0.000).
