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3.
J Emerg Trauma Shock ; 12(4): 268-273, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31798241

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Time from triage to patient care is usually evaluated, but time elapsed between the arrival of patient to emergency room (ER) and triage (pretriage) is not usually measured. AIMS: The present study evaluates how the application of the queuing (or "waiting line") theory in the triage process can generate effective strategies to improve patient care in the ER. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A "before-and-after" study was conducted in the ER of the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, a tertiary emergency care in Bogotá, Colombia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The pretriage time was evaluated, and queuing theory was applied to the evaluation; according to the results, the number and distribution of the necessary nursing personnel were determined. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The change in waiting times was compared using a paired t-test. RESULTS: In a first 7 months evaluation period, 89,898 patient visits were considered, with an average pretriage time of 22.15 min. According to the arrival distribution by hours and days of the week and considering the results of the calculations made using queuing theory, the number of nurses needed in the service per hour was determined for each day of the week, and schedule changes were implemented without increasing staff. In a second similar evaluation period, 94,497 patient visits were considered demonstrating a reduction of the pretriage time to 7.5 min (mean difference 14.64 min, 95% confidence interval 14.42-14.85, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of queuing theory in the planning of the daily personnel requirements in the triage area of ER can reduce the pretriage time by 65% without incurring additional cost.

4.
Univ. med ; 54(1): 69-78, ene.-mar. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-703247

ABSTRACT

En el servicio de urgencias de pediatría es fundamental reconocer de forma precoz lossignos clínicos que indican amenaza para la vida del paciente y que se deben manejarágil y oportunamente. Ello se constituye en un reto para el personal de salud que loasiste, pues se requiere una valoración inicial rápida enfocada en un punto de vistafisiopatológico que analice la afectación hemodinámica y la insuficiencia respiratoria,a fin de prevenir un paro cardiorrespiratorio. Esta primera aproximación que sepropone se denomina triángulo de evaluación pediátrica (TEP), basado en apariencia(aspecto general), respiración y circulación, a partir del cual se realiza un examenvisual y uno auditivo en los primeros segundos de la llegada del paciente pediátrico alservicio de urgencias. Este permite una categorización del estado clínico y tomar unadecisión adecuada...


In the pediatric emergency department, it is essentialto recognize early clinical signs that indicatethreat to the patient’s life and should behandled quickly, becoming a challenge for themedical team assisting. It requires a quick initialassessment of the critically ill patient, approachingit from a physiological point of viewby analyzing the hemodynamic and respiratorycompromise, preventing cardiac arrest. Thisfirst approach is called the Pediatric AssessmentTriangle based on general appearance, breathingand circulation, in which visual and auditoryexamination is performed in the first seconds ofthe arrival of the pediatric patient to the emergencyroom allowing categorization of the clinicalstatus to make the right decision...


Subject(s)
Pediatric Assistants , Ambulatory Care , Diagnosis, Differential , Pediatrics
5.
Univ. med ; 53(4): 420-430, oct.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-703234

ABSTRACT

En la actualidad, los servicios de urgencias atienden pacientes con daño neurológicograve, especialmente por trauma craneoencefálico, en quienes durante la reanimacióninicial se logra la recuperación de la estabilidad hemodinámica, pero requieren intubacióntraqueal y soporte con ventilación mecánica, sin que con ello se logren recuperar lasfunciones cerebrales y de tallo, lo que lleva a la sospecha de muerte encefálica. No es útilque un paciente con alta probabilidad de certeza para este diagnóstico sea trasladado a unaunidad de cuidado intensivo, pero sí es necesario que los pacientes con este diagnóstico,potencialmente donantes de órganos, puedan ofrecer este último servicio altruista en suexistencia. Los médicos urgenciólogos deben hacer este diagnóstico cuando sea el casoy conocer el ámbito legal que lo rodea...


In currently, emergency services are faced with patients that have severe neurologicaldamage after traumatic brain injury, and especially in those that during the initial resuscitation is achieved hemodynamic stability,required intubation and mechanical ventilationsupport, and were unable to recovery functionalbrain, leading to the suspicion of brain death. Itis futile for those patients with a high probabilityof certainty of this diagnosis need to be hospitalizedto intensive care unit but, it is necessary forthose patients with a diagnosis of brain death,potential organ donor, can offer a last selflessservice in your existence. Emergency physiciansshould make this diagnosis when is appropriate,and know the legal field that surrounds it...


Subject(s)
Emergency Medicine , Medicine/standards , Brain Death/diagnosis
6.
Univ. med ; 53(2): 154-165, abr.-jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665448

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La exposición a sustancias tóxicas es frecuente en pediatría. En Colombia, entre 2006 y 2008 se presentaron 40061 casos de intoxicaciones, de las cuales 19 723 correspondieron a menores de 14 años de edad. En 2009 se presentaron187 muertes, lo que corresponde a una tasa de mortalidad de 0,6 casos por cada 100 000 habitantes y una tasa de letalidad de 9,48 por cada 100 000 casos de pacientes intoxicados.Objetivo: Evaluar en la literatura el papel de las medidas generales como tratamiento en el paciente pediátrico intoxicado y determinar cuáles han demostrado ser seguras y eficaces.Método: Selección de artículos (búsqueda en inglés y español en Medline, PubMed, Academic Search Complete, Science Direct y SciELO) y extracción de datos, según la aplicación de las medidas generales en el manejo de los pacientes intoxicados en el servicio de urgencias.Conclusiones: Es importante conocer el mecanismo de acción de las técnicaspara disminuir la absorción o aumentar la eliminación de sustancias tóxicas y las indicaciones y contraindicaciones para su aplicación, y brindar un adecuado y efectivo tratamiento en los servicios de urgencias...


Introduction: Exposure to toxic substances is common in pediatrics. In Colombia in between the 2006 and 2008 there were 40 061 cases ofpoisoning, of which 19 723 were in younger than 14 years old. In 2009 there were a total of 187 deaths which corresponds to a mortality rate of0.6 cases per 100000 inhabitants, and a fatality rate of 9.48 per 100 000 cases of poisoned patients. Objective: Evaluate in the literature the role ofgeneral measures for treatment in pediatric patients intoxicated and determine which are the measures that have proven safe and effective. Method: Selection articles (in English and Spanish, from Medline, PubMed, Academic Search Complete, Science Direct, and SciELO) and data extraction (focused on the implementation of general measures in the management of poisoned patients in the emergency department). Conclusions: Knowledge of the mechanism of action of different techniques to decrease absorptionor enhance elimination of toxic substances, the indications and contraindications for use are important to provide adequate and effectivetreatment in the emergency department...


Subject(s)
Child , Drug Overdose , Poisoning/prevention & control , Pediatrics , Toxicology , Emergencies
7.
Univ. med ; 52(2): 227-236, abr.-jun. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-620384

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad de gran impacto en nuestro país y en el mundo. Aunque las estrategias de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para controlarla pueden curar casi todos los casos, la resistencia a los medicamentos y el riesgo de transmisión, especialmente en los trabajadores del área de salud, cada día cobran un mayor valor. La tuberculosis representa un riesgo ocupacional significativo, con mayor incidencia en los trabajadores del área de salud sobre la población general, principalmente en los países en desarrollo. El personal de la salud es fundamental en la lucha contra la tuberculosis y, por lo tanto, debe estar protegido. Los factores de riesgo de contagio incluyen la frecuencia de pacientes con tuberculosis atendidos, la función y el lugar de trabajo del trabajador del área de salud, la demora en el diagnóstico, la presencia de pacientes con cepas multirresistentes, los inadecuados sistemas de ventilación, la falta de protección adecuada contra aerosoles y el personal con compromiso de su estado inmunológico o desnutrición...


The impact of tuberculosis in Colombia and in the world is important. Although WHO strategies to control it can cure almost all cases, drug resistanceand the risk of transmission, especially to health care workers charge a hefty price. Tuberculosis represents an important occupational risk, withhigher incidence amongst health care workers compared with general population, mainly in developing countries. The staff is crucial in the fight against tuberculosis and must be protected. Risk factors include the frequency of tuberculosis patients treated, the role and workplace of health workers, delayed diagnosis, presence of patients with multiresistant tuberculosis strains, inadequate ventilation, lack of adequate protection against aerosol and personal with altered immunological status or malnutrition...


Subject(s)
Risk Factors , Occupational Risks , Tuberculosis
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