Políticas alimentarias en las comunidades y ciudades autónomas españolas. Periodo 2006-2018 / Food policies in the spanish autonomous communities and cities: period 2006-2018

Objetivo: identificar y conocer las políticas alimentarias elaboradas por las comunidades y ciudades autónomas en el territorio español. Método: se realizó una investigación documental. La población de estudio fueron las políticas alimentarias de las comunidades autónomas (CC.AA.), Ceuta y Melilla. Se incluyeron planes de salud y programas nutricionales (integrales o infanto-juveniles) publicados en las páginas web de las administraciones públicas regionales (periodo 2006-2018). Se efectuaron diferentes estrategias de búsqueda para identificar los planes y programas procedentes de administraciones públicas a través de las URL descritas. Se elaboró un checklist ad hoc en función del instrumento TREND para valorar la presencia de seis ítems: objetivos, población, descripción de acciones, método, evaluación de las acciones y difusión de los resultados. Resultados: se obtuvieron 38 planes y programas relacionados con las políticas alimentarias, correspondientes a las 17 CC.AA. y a la ciudad autónoma de Ceuta. El 47,4% (n= 18) fueron planes de salud, uno por CC.AA., incluida Ceuta; el 36,8% (n= 14) fueron programas nutricionales integrales y el 15,8% (n= 6) se trataba de programas de obesidad infanto-juvenil. Todos cumplían los cuatro primeros criterios valorados. Sin embargo, no estaban presentes los criterios cinco y seis en algunos programas. Conclusión: todas las CC.AA. tenían plan de salud y también la ciudad autónoma de Ceuta. Andalucía es la región que más políticas ha desarrollado para afrontar la obesidad como problema de salud. País Vasco, Aragón, Canarias, Castilla-La Mancha, Cataluña y Galicia también han elaborado varios programas para tratar este problema. El abordaje de la alimentación saludable y la obesidad en España es heterogéneo en el ámbito regional

Objective: to identify and understand the food policies conducted by the autonomous communities and cities in the Spanish territory. Method: a documentary research was conducted. The study population was the food policies by the autonomous communities (AACC), Ceuta and Melilla; it included the healthcare plans and nutrition programs (comprehensive or child and youth) published in the websites of regional authorities (period 2006-2018). Different search strategies were used to identify the plans and programs from public authorities through the URLs described. An ad hoc checklist was created based on the TREND tool to assess the presence of six items: objectives, population, description of actions, method, evaluation of actions, and dissemination of results. Results: thirty-eight (38) plans and programs associated with food policies were retrieved, corresponding to the 17 AACCs and the autonomous city of Ceuta; 47.4% (n=18) of these were healthcare plans, one per AACC, including Ceuta; 36.8% (n= 14) were comprehensive nutrition programs, and 15.8% (n= 6) were programs on child-youth obesity. All of them met the first four criteria assessed; however, criteria five and six were not present in some programs. Conclusion: all AACCs have healthcare plans, as well as the autonomous city of Ceuta. Andalusia is the region that has developed more policies to address obesity as a health problem. The Basque Country, Aragon, the Canary Islands, Castille-La Mancha, Catalonia and Galicia have also prepared some programs to deal with this problem. In Spain, healthy eating and obesity are addressed heterogeneously in the regional setting

Benefits of Advanced Practice Nursing for Its Expansion in the Spanish Context.

The objective of this study is to describe the impact of the Advanced Practice Nurse role on the clinical practice and patient benefit, as well as to provide reasons for its implementation and expansion in Spain. Through the scoping review method, this study has been carried out according to five thematic blocks: life quality, cost-effectiveness, health results, satisfaction, and accessibility. The critical appraisal was performed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool and the level of evidence and strength of recommendation have been analysed following the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) system. The results show that it is possible to formally implement advanced practice nursing in the Spanish context. The analysis of the Spanish regulatory framework reveals that the generalisation of the Case Manager Nurse is the starting point for the development of advanced practice nursing in Spain. This implementation would have a positive impact on patients in terms of health results, satisfaction, and life quality, given that the advanced practice nurse performs a more effective follow-up of chronic patients with a better control of risk factors, symptoms and health outcomes, and an earlier detection of complications. Considering these results, regional governments should promote the role of the Advanced Practice Nurse to contribute to its expansion.