ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Classically, clinical practice guidelines and expert recommendations have focused on the management of decompensated cirrhotic patients, so we focused this review on improving care for compensated cirrhotic patients who are followed up in outpatient clinics. AREAS COVERED: We reviewed the current methods for establishing liver function, the diagnosis and management of advanced chronic liver disease and clinically significant portal hypertension as well as the prevention of its complications, with special attention to covert hepatic encephalopathy, we also paid attention to the extrahepatic complications of cirrhosis and the palliative care. All this from the perspective of evidence-based medicine and trying to empower precision medicine. The literature search was undertaken by PubMed with 'cirrhosis,' 'advanced chronic liver disease,' 'liver function,' 'portal hypertension,' 'covert hepatic encephalopathy,' 'minimal hepatic encephalopathy,' 'palliative care' as MeSH terms. EXPERT OPINION: We must offer compensated cirrhotic patients specific care and measures to prevent the progression of the disease and the appearance of its complications beyond the calculation of liver function and imaging screening for hepatocellular carcinoma that we perform every six months. Entities that have typically received little attention, such as covert hepatic encephalopathy, extrahepatic complications and symptoms of cirrhosis, and palliative care, must come to the spotlight.
ABSTRACT
We propose this variant of the clip technique as a method that assist traction during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD): traction on the mucosa plane using an hemoclip carrying a surgical silk and three rubber bands, before the incision, to allow easier access to the submucosa space. We propose this variant with the intention of facilitating access to ESD quickly and safely for beginners.
Subject(s)
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection , Humans , Endoscopic Mucosal Resection/methods , Treatment Outcome , Dissection/methods , Mucous Membrane , Surgical InstrumentsSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Endoscopic Mucosal Resection/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic/diagnosis , ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic/etiology , Crohn Disease/complications , Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Crohn Disease/pathology , Neuroendocrine Tumors/complications , Neuroendocrine Tumors/diagnostic imaging , Neuroendocrine Tumors/etiology , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone , Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis , Cushing Syndrome/pathologyABSTRACT
We present the case of a 62-year-old man with Crohn's disease who consulted for abdominal pain and lower limbs edema. The patient developed Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic secretion of ACTH. Diagnostic imaging tests showed multiple metastatic liver lesions and asymmetric thickening of the ileum, that was suspected as the primary tumor. This tumor produced destabilizing gastrointestinal bleeding and an urgent surgical resection was performed. The histopathological study of the resection specimen confirmed a grade 3 neuroendocrine tumor.
