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7.
Rev. toxicol ; 29(2): 129-131, jul.-dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-126225

ABSTRACT

La asociación de varios hipotensores para el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial suele ser una práctica frecuente y útil, aunque en ocasiones puede dificultar el manejo de una sobredosificación o de posibles efectos adversos. Se presenta el caso de un paciente joven que requirió cuidados intensivos por hipotensión grave y prolongada con hipoperfusión y acidosis metabólica, tras la ingesta estimada de 1280 mg de candesartán y 500 mg de amlodipino por intento autolítico, suponiendo la primera citación en la literatura de una sobredosis por esta combinación terapéutica. Se describe la situación clínica y analítica del enfermo durante las primeras 25 horas de su evolución y el tratamiento al que fue sometido, haciendo especial énfasis en la fisiopatología provocada por las características farmacológicas de ambos medicamentos (AU)


The combination of several antihypertensives drugs for the treatment of hypertension is common and useful, though sometimes difficult to deal with a possible overdose or adverse effects. We report the case of a young patient who required intensive care for severe and prolonged hypotension with hypoperfusion and metabolic acidosis after the estimated ingestion of 1280 mg of candesartan and 500 mg of amlodipine for attempted suicide, assuming the first citation in the literature of an overdose by this therapy. We describe the clinical and laboratory status of the patient during the first 25 hours of evolution and the treatment applied, with special emphasis on the pathophysiology caused by the pharmacological characteristics of both drugs (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Hypotension/chemically induced , Drug Overdose , Amlodipine/adverse effects , Amlodipine/toxicity , Hypotension/complications , Hypotension/diagnosis , Antihypertensive Agents/toxicity , Suicide, Attempted , Blood Gas Analysis/trends
12.
Rev. toxicol ; 28(2): 174-176, jul.-dic. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-94029

ABSTRACT

La intoxicación por metanol es un proceso poco frecuente en la actualidad, a pesar de su uso habitual en la industria, laboratorios y hogar. La vía de intoxicación suele ser la oral y, dada su elevada mortalidad, debe considerarse siempre una intoxicación grave. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente joven extranjero sin antecedentes, en coma y con acidosis metabólica grave, que evoluciona a muerte encefálica a pesar de establecer medidas de soporte y tratamiento específico (corrección de acidosis, etanol, diálisis) instaurado empíricamente a las 12 horas del ingreso, confirmándose posteriormente la intoxicación por metanol. En conclusión, debe destacarse la importancia del diagnostico precoz, dado el amplio periodo de latencia, la escasa sintomatología inicial y la alta mortalidad, sospechándose ante un paciente con acidosis metabólica con anión gap aumentado y alteraciones neurológicas, pues el diagnóstico de certeza es su presencia en plasma, técnica no disponible en la mayoría de los hospitales (AU)


Today, the methanol poisoning is an uncommon disease, although it is the regular use in the industry, the laboratories and home products. The more frequent route of intoxication is oral and always it has to considerate that is a severe poisoning. The case report is about a foreign young male without personal history. On first examination he presents coma and severe metabolic acidosis developing encephalic death, despite supportive measures and specific treatment (correction of acidosis, ethanol and dialysis) administered 12 hours after the admission time. Later, the methanol poisoning was confirmed. In conclusion, we want to emphasize the importance of early diagnostic, because this intoxication has a wide latent period, poor initial symptoms and high mortality, and it should be suspected when a patient shows metabolic acidosis with increased gap anion and neurological disorders, since certainly diagnostic is the presence of methanol in blood and this technique is not available in most hospitals (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Methanol/toxicity , Brain Death/diagnosis , Coma/complications , Coma/diagnosis , Acidosis/complications , Acidosis/diagnosis , Acidosis/mortality , Early Diagnosis , Latency Period, Psychological , Reaction Time , Acid-Base Equilibrium
13.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 35(2): 68-74, mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-89523

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Determinar si el implante de marcapasos permanentes (MPP) y cambio de generador resultan más eficientes en hospitales pequeños.DiseñoAnálisis de costeefectividad. Estudio retrospectivo, transversal y observacional de cinco GDR.AmbitoLos datos son procedentes del conjunto mínimo básico de datos (CMBD) nacional del año 2007, facilitado por el Ministerio de Sanidad.PacientesSon el total de los pacientes que requirieron asistencia en algún hospital nacional por 5 GRD: 115, complicación bradiarrítmica durante la fase aguda de un síndrome coronario, insuficiencia cardíaca o shock; 116, trastorno de conducción sintomático aislado; 117, revisión pero sin cambio de batería; 118, aplicación de una nueva, y 549, implantación o revisión pero con complicaciones graves.Variables de interés principalesSe analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas (número de diagnósticos secundarios (NDS), de procedimientos (NP), mortalidad) y de gestión (estancia total y preoperatoria (Epo), forma de acceso y alta, tamaño de hospital), definiendo ineficiente una estancia superior 2 días a la media.Resultados23.154 episodios (5,3% en hospitales<200 camas). El estudio bivariado comparativo entre hospitales pequeños y el resto, no discriminado por GDR, mostró estancia media 7,87±11,01 días vs 8,78±12,95 (p=0,005, IC 95% [0,17; 1,65]) y Epo 3,62±6,14 vs 4,22±6,68 días [p=0,015]), sin mayor comorbilidad, medida como proxy por NDS (5,23±2,88 vs 5,42±3,28 [p=0,055]); y NP como proxy de esfuerzo diagnóstico-terapéutico (3,79±2,50 vs 3,55±2,69 [p=0,002]). 24,1% fueron ineficientes, encontrándose asociación con Epo, NDS, NP y acceso urgente.ConclusionesLa implantación de marcapasos y cambio de generador en hospitales pequeños es más eficiente, con consistencia interna por subgrupos (AU)


Abstract Objective: To determine if permanent pacemaker implants (PPM) interventions and change ofgenerator are more efficient in small hospitals.Design: A cost-effective analysis and retrospective, cross-sectional and observational study ofdiagnostic related groups (DRG).Setting: The data was obtained from the national Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) for the year2007 provided by the Health Ministry.Patients: This includes the total number of patients who required treatment in all nationalhospitals for 5 DRG: 115 - bradyarrhythmic complication during the acute coronary syndrome,heart failure or shock; 116 -symptomatic isolated conduction defects; 117 -revisions, but withoutchanging the battery, 118- application of a new one, 549 - implementation or revision butwith serious complications.Principal variables of interest: demographic, clinical (number of secondary diagnoses (NSD)and procedures (NP), mortality) and management (total and preoperative length of stay (LOS),access, discharge, hospital size), defining inefficient stays as those exceeding 2 days on theaverage.Results: 23,154 episodes, 5.3% small hospitals. The comparative bivariate study between smallhospitals and the rest, not discriminated by DRG, showed a mean LOS of 7.87±8.78 days vs11.01±12.95 (p=0.005, 95% CI for mean difference [0.17, 1.65]) and also lower than preoperatively(3.62±6.14 vs. 4.22±6.68 days (p=0.015)) without greater comorbidity, as measured byproxy through the NSD (5.23±2.88 vs 5.42±3.28 (p=0.055)) and NP as proxy of diagnostic andtherapeutic effort (3.79±2.50 vs 3.55±2.69 (p=0.002)). A total of 24.1% were inefficient, therebeing an association with preoperative stay, NDS, NP and emergency access.Conclusion: Pacemaker implantation and generator change in small hospitals is more efficient,with internal consistency by subgroups (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pacemaker, Artificial/economics , Health Facility Size/standards , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospital Costs/standards , Hospitals, Public , Retrospective Studies , Spain
15.
Med Intensiva ; 35(2): 68-74, 2011 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20696497

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine if permanent pacemaker implants (PPM) interventions and change of generator are more efficient in small hospitals. DESIGN: A cost-effective analysis and retrospective, cross-sectional and observational study of diagnostic related groups (DRG). SETTING: The data was obtained from the national Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) for the year 2007 provided by the Health Ministry. PATIENTS: This includes the total number of patients who required treatment in all national hospitals for 5 DRG: 115 - bradyarrhythmic complication during the acute coronary syndrome, heart failure or shock; 116 -symptomatic isolated conduction defects; 117 -revisions, but without changing the battery, 118- application of a new one, 549 - implementation or revision but with serious complications. PRINCIPAL VARIABLES OF INTEREST: demographic, clinical (number of secondary diagnoses (NSD) and procedures (NP), mortality) and management (total and preoperative length of stay (LOS), access, discharge, hospital size), defining inefficient stays as those exceeding 2 days on the average. RESULTS: 23,154 episodes, 5.3% small hospitals. The comparative bivariate study between small hospitals and the rest, not discriminated by DRG, showed a mean LOS of 7.87±8.78 days vs 11.01±12.95 (p=0.005, 95% CI for mean difference [0.17, 1.65]) and also lower than preoperatively (3.62±6.14 vs. 4.22±6.68 days (p=0.015)) without greater comorbidity, as measured by proxy through the NSD (5.23±2.88 vs 5.42±3.28 (p=0.055)) and NP as proxy of diagnostic and therapeutic effort (3.79±2.50 vs 3.55±2.69 (p=0.002)). A total of 24.1% were inefficient, there being an association with preoperative stay, NDS, NP and emergency access. CONCLUSION: Pacemaker implantation and generator change in small hospitals is more efficient, with internal consistency by subgroups.


Subject(s)
Efficiency, Organizational , Health Facility Size , Pacemaker, Artificial , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Databases, Factual , Diagnosis-Related Groups , Electrodes, Implanted/economics , Female , Health Facility Size/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Costs/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Public/classification , Hospitals, Public/economics , Humans , Length of Stay/economics , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Pacemaker, Artificial/economics , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Spain
17.
An Sist Sanit Navar ; 33 Suppl 1: 19-27, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20508674

ABSTRACT

The financial sustainability of public health systems (PHS) is currently threatened by population growth, increased prevalence of chronic conditions and disabilities, inequality in access and use of resources, zero cost delivery and global economic crisis. The emergency department (ED) is one for which demand is highest--without relation to the health model--because disease becomes established in disadvantaged socio-demographic areas and inequalities, hyperconsumption and decision making more closely linked to the user are maintained. The medical device of ED is a multiple one and its diverse product lines make it difficult to measure. This review discusses the need to deploy measurement tools in ED, where there are high direct costs--primarily structural--and other variables related to the activity, where the marginal cost is higher than the average and there is no economy of scale in such interventions. The possible mechanisms of private copayment in financing the supply of EDs are also studied, showing their advantages and disadvantages, with the conclusion that they are not recommendable--due to their scarce fund raising and deterrent capacity, which is why fundamental strategic changes in the management of these resources are needed.


Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital/economics , Emergency Service, Hospital/standards , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Humans , Social Justice
18.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 33(supl.1): 19-27, ene.-abr. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-88201

ABSTRACT

públicos (SSP) está amenazada por el crecimientopoblacional, la mayor prevalencia de procesos crónicosy discapacidades, la inequidad residual en el acceso yutilización de los recursos, el coste nulo en la prestacióny la crisis económica mundial.Los servicios de Urgencias y Emergencias (SUE)son uno de los más demandados –sin relación con elmodelo de salud– porque la enfermedad asienta enáreas sociodemográficas menos favorecidas, se mantieneninequidad, hiperconsumo y capacidad de decisiónmás ligada al usuario. El producto sanitario de los SUEes múltiple y con líneas de producción diversas quedificultan su medición. En esta revisión se analiza lanecesidad de implantar herramientas de medida en losSUE, donde existen altos costes directos –fundamentalmenteestructurales– y otros variables relacionadoscon la actividad, donde el coste marginal es superior almedio y sin economía de escala en estas intervenciones.Se estudian, asimismo, los posibles mecanismos decoparticipación privada en la financiación de la ofertade los SUE, se muestran sus ventajas e inconvenientesy se concluye que no son recomendables –por su escasacapacidad recaudadora y disuasoria– por lo queson necesarios cambios estratégicos fundamentales enla gestión de estos recursos(AU)


The financial sustainability of public health systems(PHS) is currently threatened by populationgrowth, increased prevalence of chronic conditions anddisabilities, inequality in access and use of resources,zero cost delivery and global economic crisis.The emergency department (ED) is one for whichdemand is highest – without relation to the health model– because disease becomes established in disadvantagedsocio-demographic areas and inequalities, hyperconsumptionand decision making more closely linkedto the user are maintained. The medical device of EDis a multiple one and its diverse product lines make itdifficult to measure.This review discusses the need to deploy measurementtools in ED, where there are high direct costs– primarily structural – and other variables related tothe activity, where the marginal cost is higher than theaverage and there is no economy of scale in such interventions.The possible mechanisms of private copaymentin financing the supply of EDs are also studied,showing their advantages and disadvantages, with theconclusion that they are not recommendable – due totheir scarce fund raising and deterrent capacity, whichis why fundamental strategic changes in the managementof these resources are needed(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Emergency Medicine/economics , Disaster Medicine/economics , Patient Care Management/organization & administration , Equity in Access to Health Services , Health Services Accessibility , 34002
19.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 33(supl.1): 47-54, ene.-abr. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-88204

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Estudiar las diferencias de comportamientoentre ingresos urgentes y programados en los procesosmás prevalentes y el resto en la casuística hospitalariaespañola y su relación con la edad de los pacientes,comparando los años 2002 y 2007.Métodos. Diseño observacional y descriptivo duranteesos años. Se clasifican los grupos relacionados de diagnóstico(GRD) en alta prevalencia (25 más frecuentes)y resto, se confeccionan cuatro subgrupos según ésta(alta o baja) e ingreso (electivo o no). Se analiza estanciamedia, peso relativo, número de diagnósticos y procedimientosy mortalidad en función de la edad, por mediodel test de Student y/o ANOVA, según proceda, para variablescuantitativas y el de χ2 de Pearson para cualitativas,comparando ambas según análisis de datos ya tabulados.Se asume significación estadística para p<0,05.Resultados. El subgrupo de alta prevalencia e ingresourgente presenta mayor edad, proporción de varones,estancia media, mortalidad, número de diagnósticosy procedimientos (todo con p<0,0001), tanto en 2002como en 2007. La gravedad, complejidad y consumode recursos –medidos con esas variables– alcanza sumáximo en las cohortes de 65-69 y 70-74 años, respectivamente,con ingreso urgente.Conclusiones. Existen claras diferencias entre los procesos,según su prevalencia y acceso, y debe priorizarseel conocimiento y la información de los más frecuentesy urgentes para mejorar la efectividad, la eficienciay la calidad(AU)


Objectives. To study the behavioural differences betweenscheduled and emergency admissions in the processesmost prevalent in Spanish hospitals and theirrelationship with the age of patients, comparing 2002and 2007.Methods. Observational and descriptive design forthose years. Diagnostic related groups (DRGs) wereclassified into high prevalence (the 25 most frequent)and the rest; four subgroups were prepared accordingto this (high or low) and admission (elective or not).Mean length of stay was analyzed, together with relativeweight, number of diagnoses and procedures andmortality by age, using the Student and/or ANOVA testsfor quantitative variables and Pearson’s χ2 qualitativecomparison of means and proportions for tabular data,assuming statistical significance at p <0.05.Results. The high prevalence and emergency admissionsubgroup has higher age, ratio of males, mean lengthof stay, mortality, number of diagnoses and procedures(all p <0.0001), in both 2002 and 2007. The complexityand resource consumption measured by such variablespeaks in the 65-69 and 70-74 cohorts respectively, withemergency admission.Conclusions. There are clear differences between theprocesses according to their prevalence and accessibility;priority must be given to knowledge and informationon the most frequent and urgent admissions toimprove the effectiveness, efficiency and quality(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data , Emergency Treatment/statistics & numerical data , 34002 , Diagnosis-Related Groups , Morbidity/trends
20.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 34(3): 215-218, abr. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-135997

ABSTRACT

La fibrilación ventricular (FV) recurrente es aquella que persiste tras 3 intentos consecutivos de desfibrilación, suele aparecer en casi el 25% de todas las paradas cardíacas y conlleva una alta mortalidad. Se recomienda el empleo de amiodarona durante las maniobras de resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP) -con mejores resultados que la lidocaína-; no debe utilizarse procainamida ni bretilio en este tipo de arritmias, pero sí betabloqueantes o magnesio cuando se sospeche como causa, respectivamente, cardiopatía isquémica o hipomagnesiemia Presentamos el caso de un paciente con historia de enfermedad coronaria (stent en circunfleja 8 años atrás) que comenzó con un episodio de FV primaria en la puerta de urgencias, y al que se le practicaron 35 descargas de 360 J, sin llegar a recibir compresiones torácicas en ningún momento, dado que se recuperaba el pulso efectivo posdescargas, con estado neurológico normal. Se administró amiodarona y trombolíticos (tenecteplase) durante la intervención y se consiguió resolución favorable tras 52 min. Una vez estabilizado, el paciente mostró electrocardiograma con signos de síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST y en el cateterismo se comprobó obstrucción de la arteria coronaria derecha, a la que se le colocó un stent. Se le dio el alta del hospital 6 días después, sin secuela neurológica alguna. Conforme con las recomendaciones del International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation de 2005, es aconsejable continuar las maniobras de RCP y los choques eléctricos en tanto persista un ritmo desfibrilable, como así sucedía en nuestro paciente (AU)


Recurrent ventricular fibrillation is that which persists after three consecutive defibrillation attempts. It generally appears in almost 25% of all heart arrests and entails high mortality. Use of amiodarone during resuscitation maneuvers is recommended, this having better results than lidocaine. Neither procainamide nor bretylium should be used in this type of arrhythmia, however beta blockers or magnesium can be used when ischemic heart disease or hypomagnesiemia, respectively, is suspected as the cause. We present the case of a male patient with a background of heart disease (stent in circunflex 8 years earlier) that began with an episode of primary ventricular fibrillation when entering the Emergency Service. He was given 35 shocks of 360 J, without using thoracic compressions at any time since he recovered an effective post-shock pulse with normal neurological condition. Amiodarone and thrombolytics (tenecteplase) were administered during the intervention, achieving favorable resolution after 52 min, once stabilized showing an electrocardiogram of acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation and verifying obstruction of the right coronary artery in the catheterism, on which a stent was placed. He was discharged from the hospital six days after with no neurological sequels. In agreement with the 2005 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Recommendations, the resuscitation maneuvers and electrical shocks should be continued while there is a defibrillable rhythm, as occurred in our patient (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Ventricular Fibrillation/therapy , Recurrence
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