ABSTRACT
Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa con alta carga de la enfermedad en Colombia, por lo que se espera que la educación médica sea estándar en todas las regiones y los estudiantes de medicina tengan competencias en el manejo operativo de la tuberculosis. Este estudio evaluó los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en tuberculosis en estudiantes de medicina de Colombia y los factores relacionados. Métodos: Cuestionario de evaluación de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en tuberculosis en estudiantes de medicina en Colombia, que cursaban semestre clínico y se encontraban inscritos en la reunión anual 2020 de la Asociación de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina de Colombia (ASCEMCOL) para establecer el nivel de conocimientos en tuberculosis. Resultados: Se evidenció que los estudiantes de regiones con mayor carga de la enfermedad como el Eje Cafetero presenta puntajes más altos de forma diferencial a las otras regiones. Por otra parte, se observó que la experiencia propia del estudiante en el tamizaje para tuberculosis (prueba cutánea de la tuberculina PPD - Mantoux) y la experiencia en la atención de pacientes con tuberculosis en el entorno clínico están relacionadas a los conocimientos del manejo programático de la tuberculosis. Conclusión: El estudio demuestra bajo nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas del manejo programático de la tuberculosis en los estudiantes de medicina que cursaban semestres clínicos en Colombia. (AU)
Background: The tuberculosis is an infectious disease with high disease burden in Colombia, so medical education is expected to be standard in all regions and medical students have competencies in the operative management of tuberculosis. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices in tuberculosis in medical students in Colombia and related factors. Methods: Questionnaire for the evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and practices in tuberculosis in medical students in Colombia, who were in clinical semesters and were registered at the 2020 annual meeting of the Asociación de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina de Colombia (ASCEMCOL) to establish the level of knowledge in tuberculosis. Result: The study found that students from regions with a higher burden of disease, such as the Eje Cafetero had higher scores that those from other regions. On the other hand, it was observed that the student´s own experience in tuberculosis screening (tuberculin skin test PPD Mantoux) and the clinical experience in care patients with tuberculosis are related to the knowledge of the programmatic management of tuberculosis. Conclusions: The study shows a low level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of programmatic management of tuberculosis in medical students in clinical semester in Colombia. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Students, Medical , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Tuberculosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Colombia , Education, MedicalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Colombia's climatological variety, added to pathogen diversity, creates local niches for infectious diseases. In Bogotá, respiratory syncytial virus causes 30%-52% of the cases of respiratory infections. In coastal or inter-Andean cities with higher temperature and longer dry seasons, frequency of this virus is 7%-13%. By 2017, increased hospitalizations due to airway infections occurred in regions whose weather is differently influenced by "El Niño Southern Oscillation" than in Bogotá, although microbial diversity might have also been involved. METHODS: For Cali, an inter-Andean city with warm tropical weather, records of respiratory syncytial virus from 2014 to 2018, in children two years old or younger, were analyzed, and genotypes transmitted during 2016-2017 were identified based on partial sequences of glycoprotein G. RESULTS: Most cases of respiratory syncytial virus in Cali occur in the first semesters, with peaks expressed around March-April, without a clear association with pluviosity. Unlike the biannual rotating pattern of Bogotá, co-circulation of types A and B was detected. As years pass, transmission seasons are becoming longer and frequencies of the virus augment. The viral genotypes identified follow international trends with dominance of Ontario and Buenos Aires clades. Similar to other isolates in these clades, viruses from Cali exhibit glycosylation variability that may account for their fitness. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of respiratory syncytial virus transmission in Cali differs from that in Bogotá. Its epidemiology is shifting and will remain so with the advent of novel respiratory diseases. This may impact the introduction of vaccination schemes for these or other respiratory viruses.
