Spanish translation and validation of the Scale for Contraversive Pushing to measure pusher behaviour.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Spanish-language version of the Scale for Contraversive Pushing, used to diagnose and measure pusher behaviour in stroke patients. METHODS: Translation-back translation was used to create the Spanish-language Scale for Contraversive Pushing; we subsequently evaluated its validity and reliability by administering it to a sample of patients. We also analysed its sensitivity to change in patients identified as pushers who received neurological physiotherapy. RESULTS: Experts indicated that the content of the scale was valid. Internal consistency was very good (Cronbach's alpha of 0.94). The intraclass correlation coefficient showed high intra- and interobserver reliability (0.999 and 0.994, respectively). The Kappa and weighted Kappa coefficients were used to measure the reliability of each item; the majority obtained values above 0.9. Lastly, the differences between baseline and final evaluations of pushers were significant (paired sample t test), showing that the scale is sensitive to changes obtained through physical therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish-language version of the Scale for Contraversive Pushing is valid and reliable for measuring pusher behaviour in stroke patients. In addition, it is able to evaluate the ongoing changes in patients who have received physical therapy.

Traducción y validación española de la Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP) para la valoración del comportamiento empujador / Spanish translation and validation of the Scale for Contraversive Pushing to measure pusher behaviour

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es traducir y validar al español la Scale for Contraversive Pushing, usada para diagnosticar y medir el comportamiento empujador en pacientes que han sufrido un ictus.MétodosSe realizó una traducción-retrotraducción de la Scale for Contraversive Pushing para la población española y, posteriormente, se evaluó la validez y fiabilidad de la misma a partir de una muestra de pacientes. Además, se analizó la sensibilidad al cambio en pacientes que resultaron ser empujadores y recibieron tratamiento de fisioterapia neurológica.ResultadosLas respuestas de los expertos indicaron que la escala era válida en cuanto a su contenido. La consistencia interna, medida a través del alfa de Cronbach, obtuvo un resultado de 0,94. La fiabilidad intraobservador e interobservador, calculada por medio del coeficiente de correlación intraclase, presentó un valor de 0,999 y 0,994 respectivamente. Cuando se analizó la fiabilidad de cada ítem, por medio del coeficiente de kappa o kappa ponderado, la mayoría de ellos obtuvo una puntuación superior a 0,9. Por último, las diferencias obtenidas entre la valoración inicial y final de los pacientes empujadores fueron significativas (t de Student pareada), objetivando que la escala era sensible a los cambios obtenidos tras un tratamiento de fisioterapia.ConclusionesLa Scale for Contraversive Pushing es válida y fiable para medir el comportamiento empujador en pacientes que han sufrido un ictus. Además, es capaz de evaluar los cambios ocurridos en los pacientes, tras recibir tratamiento de fisioterapia. (AU)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Spanish-language version of the Scale for Contraversive Pushing, used to diagnose and measure pusher behaviour in stroke patients.MethodsTranslation–back translation was used to create the Spanish-language Scale for Contraversive Pushing; we subsequently evaluated its validity and reliability by administering it to a sample of patients. We also analysed its sensitivity to change in patients identified as pushers who received neurological physiotherapy.ResultsExperts indicated that the content of the scale was valid. Internal consistency was very good (Cronbach's alpha of 0.94). The intraclass correlation coefficient showed high intra- and interobserver reliability (0.999 and 0.994, respectively). The Kappa and weighted Kappa coefficients were used to measure the reliability of each item; the majority obtained values above 0.9. Lastly, the differences between baseline and final evaluations of pushers were significant (paired sample t test), showing that the scale is sensitive to changes obtained through physical therapy.ConclusionsThe Spanish-language version of the Scale for Contraversive Pushing is valid and reliable for measuring pusher behaviour in stroke patients. In addition, it is able to evaluate the ongoing changes in patients who have received physical therapy. (AU)

[Spanish translation and validation of the Burke Lateropulsion Scale to measure pusher behaviour]. / Traduccion y validacion al castellano de la Burke Lateropulsion Scale para la valoracion del comportamiento empujador.

INTRODUCTION: Pusher behaviour is an alteration of postural control and the perception of the midline which occurs in some patients after suffering a stroke and it has important functional consequences, so its evaluation is essential. AIM: To translate into Spanish and to validate the Burke Lateropulsion Scale (BLS), used to evaluate the signs of pusher behaviour in patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To achieve the proposed objectives, a translation-back translation into Spanish of the scale was performed and the validity and reliability of a sample of post-stroke patients was evaluated. In addition, sensitivity to change was evaluated in patients who turned out to be pushers and received physiotherapy treatment. RESULTS: The experts' answers indicated that the scale was valid in terms of its content to evaluate pusher behaviour in a sample of patients. Cronbach's alpha obtained a result of 0.91. The evaluation of inter-observer and intra-observer reliability gave an overall intraclass correlation coefficient result of 0.99. When the reliability of each item was evaluated by means of the weighted kappa coefficient, most of the results exceeded 0.9. Finally, on evaluating the sensitivity to change on the scale in the sample of pusher patients, the results showed that the BLS is sensitive to the changes which occur after receiving neurological physiotherapy treatment for items related to standing, transfers and walking. CONCLUSIONS: The BLS scale is valid and reliable for measuring pusher behaviour in patients who have suffered a stroke and is sensitive to changes after neurological physiotherapy treatment.

TITLE: Traduccion y validacion al castellano de la Burke Lateropulsion Scale para la valoracion del comportamiento empujador.Introduccion. El comportamiento empujador es una alteracion del control postural y la percepcion de la linea media que ocurre en algunos pacientes principalmente tras sufrir un ictus y tiene importantes consecuencias funcionales, por lo que su evaluacion resulta imprescindible. Objetivo. Traducir y validar al castellano la Burke Lateropulsion Scale (BLS), usada para evaluar los signos del paciente con comportamiento empujador. Pacientes y metodos. Se realizo una traduccion-retrotraduccion al castellano de la escala y se evaluo su validez y fiabilidad en una muestra de 50 pacientes que habian sufrido un ictus. Ademas, se evaluo su sensibilidad al cambio en los pacientes empujadores que recibieron tratamiento de fisioterapia neurologica. Resultados. Las respuestas de los expertos indicaron que la escala era valida en cuanto a su contenido para evaluar el comportamiento empujador. El alfa de Cronbach obtuvo un resultado de 0,91. La evaluacion de la fiabilidad interobservador e intraobservador dio como resultado global un coeficiente de correlacion intraclase de 0,99. Al evaluar la fiabilidad de cada item por medio del coeficiente kappa ponderado, la mayoria de los resultados fueron superiores a 0,9. La evaluacion de la sensibilidad al cambio de la escala en los pacientes empujadores demostro que la BLS resulta sensible a los cambios que se producen tras recibir tratamiento de fisioterapia neurologica en los items referidos a la bipedestacion, las transferencias y la marcha. Conclusiones. La BLS es valida y fiable para medir el comportamiento empujador en pacientes que han sufrido un ictus y resulta sensible a los cambios tras un tratamiento de fisioterapia neurologica.

Spanish translation and validation of the Scale for Contraversive Pushing to measure pusher behaviour. / Traducción y validación española de la Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP) para la valoración del comportamiento empujador.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Spanish-language version of the Scale for Contraversive Pushing, used to diagnose and measure pusher behaviour in stroke patients. METHODS: Translation-back translation was used to create the Spanish-language Scale for Contraversive Pushing; we subsequently evaluated its validity and reliability by administering it to a sample of patients. We also analysed its sensitivity to change in patients identified as pushers who received neurological physiotherapy. RESULTS: Experts indicated that the content of the scale was valid. Internal consistency was very good (Cronbach's alpha of 0.94). The intraclass correlation coefficient showed high intra- and interobserver reliability (0.999 and 0.994, respectively). The Kappa and weighted Kappa coefficients were used to measure the reliability of each item; the majority obtained values above 0.9. Lastly, the differences between baseline and final evaluations of pushers were significant (paired sample t test), showing that the scale is sensitive to changes obtained through physical therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish-language version of the Scale for Contraversive Pushing is valid and reliable for measuring pusher behaviour in stroke patients. In addition, it is able to evaluate the ongoing changes in patients who have received physical therapy.