ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Estimating the cumulative prevalence of SARS-COV-2 will help to understand the epidemic, contagion, and immunity to COVID-19 in vulnerable populations. The objective is to determine the extent of infection in the general population and the cumulative incidence by age group. METHODS: It was carried out with a longitudinal analytical study, in the population of the Lambayeque region, located in the north of Peru. The selection was carried out in multistages (districts, area, household, and finally choosing the interviewee within the house). Seroprevalence was estimated as a positive result of the rapid test whether it was positive IgM or positive IgG. An adjustment was made for the sampling weights used. RESULTS: The seroprevalence found in the region was 29.5%. Young people between 21 and 50 years old presented the highest seroprevalence frequencies. A total of 25.4% were asymptomatic. The most frequent complaint was dysgeusia and dysosmia (85.3% and 83.6%). Dysosmia (PR = 1.69), chest pain (PR = 1.49), back pain (PR = 1.45), cough (PR = 1.44), fever (PR = 1.41), general malaise (PR = 1.27) were associated factors with the higher the frequency of seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2. Reporting of complete isolation at home decreased the frequency of positivity (PR = 0.80), however, reporting having ARI contact (PR = 1.60), having contact with a confirmed case (PR = 1.51), and going to market (PR = 1.26) increased the frequency of positivity for SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Lambayeque is the region with the highest seroprevalence in the world, well above Spain, the United States and similar to a study in India.
ABSTRACT
To obtain further insight into geographic distribution of Leishmania species in Peru, a countrywide survey, including central to southern rainforest areas where information on causative parasite species is limited, was performed based on cytochrome b (cyt b) and mannose phosphate isomerase (mpi) gene analyses. A total of 262 clinical samples were collected from patients suspected of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in 28 provinces of 13 departments, of which 99 samples were impregnated on FTA (Flinders Technology Associates) cards and 163 samples were Giemsa-stained smears. Leishmania species were successfully identified in 83 (83.8%) of FTA-spotted samples and 59 (36.2%) of Giemsa-stained smear samples. Among the 142 samples identified, the most dominant species was Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (47.2%), followed by L. (V.) peruviana (26.1%), and others were L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) lainsoni, L. (V.) shawi, a hybrid of L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) peruviana, and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Besides the present epidemiological observations, the current study provided the following findings: 1) A hybrid of L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) peruviana is present outside the Department of Huanuco, the only place reported, 2) Many cases of CL due to L. (V.) lainsoni, an uncommon causative species in Peru, were observed, and 3) L. (V.) shawi is widely circulating in southern Amazonian areas in Peru.
Subject(s)
Cytochromes b/genetics , Leishmania/classification , Leishmania/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase/genetics , Phylogeography , Protozoan Proteins/genetics , Humans , Leishmania/isolation & purification , Peru/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Estudio descriptivo, transversal en pacientes hospitalizados o ingresados al servicio el 21/10/2011 con tiempo de admisión ≥ 24 horas. Se encuestó a 353 de 406 en 31 servicios hospitalarios, encontrándose 51,6% de los servicios presentaron infecciones intrahospitalarios, tasa de prevalencia puntual de 9,34%. La tasa más alta corresponde al servicio de Neonatología con 28%. Las Infecciones respiratorias representaron la más alta de infecciones intrahospitalarias con un 30%. El grupo etáreo de <9 años presentó mayor frecuencia con 21% y el sexo masculino con un 51,51%. La tasa de Prevalencia Puntual de Infecciones Intrahospitalarias fue 9,34%. (AU)
Descriptive, cross-sectional study in patients hospitalized or admitted to the service on 21/10/11, with and admission time greater than or equal to 24 hours. 353 out of 406 patients were surveyed in 31 hospital services. We found 51.6 % of the services had developed nosocomial infections, the point prevalence rate being 9.34 %. The highest rate belongs to the Neonatal service, with 28 %. Respiratory infections accounted for the highest nosocomial infections with a 30 %. The age group 0 to 9 years had a greater frequency with 21 %, so did the males with 51.51 %. The point prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was 9.34 %.(AU)