ABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivos. Evaluamos si un tratamiento integral e intensivo de factores de riesgo cardiovascular logra reducir el número de eventos cardiovasculares y la tasa de mortalidad cardiovascular en pacientes en prevención secundaria a 3 años de seguimiento. Métodos. Se diseñó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, controlado, no enmascarado y en condiciones de práctica clínica. Se seleccionó a 247 pacientes que habían tenido un síndrome coronario agudo o un ictus y se los aleatorizó a un tratamiento integral e intensivo de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (n=121) o al seguimiento según la práctica clínica habitual (n=126). Las variables principales fueron: el número de episodios cardiovasculares ocurridos y la mortalidad cardiovascular tras 3 años de seguimiento. La variable secundaria fue el porcentaje de pacientes que alcanzaban control de cada factor de riesgo. Resultados. El 88,8% de los pacientes asignados al grupo de tratamiento intensivo tenía las lipoproteínas de baja densidad en < 100 mg/dl frente al 56,4% (riesgo relativo [RR]=1,57; intervalo de confianza [IC]del 95%, 1,28-1,93) del grupo de tratamiento habitual; un 75,7% de los diabéticos tenían valores de HbA1c < 7% frente a un 28,6% (RR=2,65; IC del 95%, 1,13-6,19) del grupo de tratamiento habitual. Ocurrieron 4 muertes de causa cardiovascular y 26 eventos no mortales en el grupo de tratamiento intensivo frente a 17 muertes y 54 eventos no mortales en el grupo de tratamiento habitual. La tasa de supervivencia a 3 años fue del 97,4% en el grupo intervención y el 85,5% en el grupo control (p=0,003). Conclusiones. Un tratamiento integral e intensivo de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes en prevención secundaria reduce la morbimortalidad tras 3 años de seguimiento(AU)
The aim was to determine whether secondary prevention involving the comprehensive and intensive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors reduces cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality at 3-year follow up. Methods: The study design comprised a randomized, controlled, open trial in a routine clinical practice setting. In total, 247 patients who presented with acute coronary syndrome or stroke were selected. They were randomized to comprehensive and intensive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors (n=121) or to follow-up based on usual care (n=126). The main study outcomes were the number of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality at 3-year follow-up. The percentage of patients in whom each risk factor was successfully controlled was a secondary outcome. Results: Overall, 88.8% of patients assigned to the intensive treatment group had a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <100 mg/dl compared with 56.4% of the usual-care group (relative risk [RR]=1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-1.93), and 75.7% of diabetics had a hemoglobin A1c <7% compared with 28.6% of the usual-care group (RR=2.65; 95% CI, 1.13-6.19). There were four deaths due to cardiovascular causes and 26 nonfatal events in the intensive treatment group versus 17 deaths and 54 nonfatal events in the usual-care group. The cumulative survival rate at 3 years was 97.4% in the intervention group and 85.5% in the control group (p=.003). Conclusions: Secondary prevention involving comprehensive and intensive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors reduced both morbidity and mortality at 3-year follow up(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Secondary Prevention , Risk Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/diagnosis , Comprehensive Health Care/trends , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Episode of Care , Hypertension/prevention & control , Hypertension/physiopathology , Life Style , 28599ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The aim was to determine whether secondary prevention involving the comprehensive and intensive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors reduces cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality at 3-year follow up. METHODS: The study design comprised a randomized, controlled, open trial in a routine clinical practice setting. In total, 247 patients who presented with acute coronary syndrome or stroke were selected. They were randomized to comprehensive and intensive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors (n=121) or to follow-up based on usual care (n=126). The main study outcomes were the number of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality at 3-year follow-up. The percentage of patients in whom each risk factor was successfully controlled was a secondary outcome. RESULTS: Overall, 88.8% of patients assigned to the intensive treatment group had a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <100mg/dl compared with 56.4% of the usual-care group (relative risk [RR]=1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-1.93), and 75.7% of diabetics had a hemoglobin A(1c) <7% compared with 28.6% of the usual-care group (RR=2.65; 95% CI, 1.13-6.19). There were four deaths due to cardiovascular causes and 26 nonfatal events in the intensive treatment group versus 17 deaths and 54 nonfatal events in the usual-care group. The cumulative survival rate at 3 years was 97.4% in the intervention group and 85.5% in the control group (p=.003). CONCLUSIONS: Secondary prevention involving comprehensive and intensive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors reduced both morbidity and mortality at 3-year follow up.
